Cp Biology 2: Final Exam

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  • 1/115 Questions

    Hair color and eye color are examples of a person's

    • Recessive traits.
    • Phenotype.
    • Genotype.
    • Dominant traits.
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About This Quiz

This CP Biology 2: Final Exam assesses understanding of fundamental genetics, focusing on concepts like alleles, phenotypes, Mendel's laws, and genetic variation. It's designed to test knowledge on how these principles apply to biological inheritance and variation within species.

Cp Biology 2: Final Exam - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    A female gamete ___.

    • Is produced in the testes.

    • Is called an ovum or an egg cell.

    • Is called a spermatocyte.

    • Is called a polar body.

    Correct Answer
    A. Is called an ovum or an egg cell.
    Explanation
    A female gamete is called an ovum or an egg cell. This is because in sexual reproduction, the female gamete is the reproductive cell that is capable of being fertilized by a male gamete (sperm) to form a zygote. The term "ovum" or "egg cell" is used to specifically refer to the female gamete in animals, including humans. The ovum is produced in the ovaries, not in the testes.

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  • 3. 

    Modern humans are members of which species?

    • Homo neanderthalensis

    • Homo habilis

    • Homo erectus

    • Homo sapiens

    Correct Answer
    A. Homo sapiens
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Homo sapiens because Homo sapiens refers to modern humans. Homo neanderthalensis, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus are all extinct species of hominids that lived before modern humans.

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  • 4. 

    Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like ancient versions of living species. From this evidence Darwin suggested that Earth was

    • Only 6000 years old.

    • Only 2000 years old.

    • Less than 6000 years old.

    • Much more than 6000 years old.

    Correct Answer
    A. Much more than 6000 years old.
    Explanation
    Darwin's discovery of fossils resembling ancient versions of living species led him to suggest that Earth was much more than 6000 years old. This is because the existence of these fossils indicated that species had evolved and changed over long periods of time, which would require a significantly longer timescale than 6000 years. This finding supported Darwin's theory of evolution and contradicted the prevailing belief in a young Earth.

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  • 5. 

    Watson and Crick, with the help of Rosalind Franklin, were the first to suggest that DNA is ___.

    • A short molecule

    • A protein molecule

    • The shape of a double helix

    • The genetic material

    Correct Answer
    A. The shape of a double helix
    Explanation
    Watson and Crick, with the assistance of Rosalind Franklin, proposed that DNA has the shape of a double helix. This means that DNA is structured as two strands that twist around each other in a spiral shape, resembling a twisted ladder. This discovery was groundbreaking as it provided crucial insights into the structure and function of DNA, paving the way for further advancements in the field of genetics and molecular biology.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is a pair of complementary bases?

    • Cytosine and cytosine

    • Adenine and guanine

    • Thymine and adenine

    • Thymine and ctyosine

    Correct Answer
    A. Thymine and adenine
    Explanation
    Thymine and adenine are a pair of complementary bases because they form a base pair in DNA. Adenine always pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds, while thymine always pairs with adenine through these same hydrogen bonds. This complementary base pairing is essential for DNA replication and the accurate transmission of genetic information.

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  • 7. 

    Why is it most common to find only the skull of an ancient hominid?

    • They only buried the heads of the dead.

    • Scavengers can carry off the smaller bones much more easily.

    • Skulls tend to look more like rocks.

    • Other hominids cannibalize their dead.

    Correct Answer
    A. Scavengers can carry off the smaller bones much more easily.
    Explanation
    The most common reason for finding only the skull of an ancient hominid is that scavengers can carry off the smaller bones much more easily. Scavengers such as hyenas or other animals are attracted to the carcasses of dead animals and can easily drag away smaller bones. However, the skull is relatively larger and heavier, making it less likely to be carried away by scavengers. Therefore, it is more likely to be preserved and discovered by archaeologists or paleontologists.

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  • 8. 
    Which effect of natural selection is depicted in the graph? - ProProfs

    Which effect of natural selection is depicted in the graph?

    • Directional selection

    • Disruptive selection

    • Stabilizing selection

    • Sexual selection

    Correct Answer
    A. Directional selection
    Explanation
    The graph depicts directional selection. Directional selection occurs when individuals with extreme traits have higher fitness and are favored by natural selection. This leads to a shift in the population towards one extreme of the trait. In the graph, the trait being measured is changing over time in a consistent direction, indicating that one extreme of the trait is being favored and becoming more common in the population.

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  • 9. 

    A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a ___.

    • DNA sequence

    • Punnett square

    • Genetic linkage

    • Pedigree

    Correct Answer
    A. Pedigree
    Explanation
    A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a pedigree.

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  • 10. 

    ___ studied traits of pea plants and discovered the two fundamental laws of genetics.

    • Mendel

    • Watson and Crick

    • Mack

    • Einstein

    Correct Answer
    A. Mendel
    Explanation
    Mendel is the correct answer because he conducted experiments on pea plants and discovered the two fundamental laws of genetics, which are the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. Mendel's work laid the foundation for our understanding of inheritance and genetics. Watson and Crick are known for discovering the structure of DNA, Mack is not associated with genetics, and Einstein is known for his contributions to physics, not genetics.

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  • 11. 

    Organic compounds always contain the element ____.

    • Carbon

    • Nitrogen

    • Oxygen

    • Organium

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon
    Explanation
    Organic compounds are defined as compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Carbon is the element that is always present in organic compounds, distinguishing them from inorganic compounds which may not contain carbon. Therefore, the correct answer is carbon.

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  • 12. 

    The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)

    • Variation.

    • Change.

    • Adaptation.

    • Species.

    Correct Answer
    A. Variation.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is variation. Variation refers to the differences in physical traits among individuals within a group. It is a natural occurrence and can be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Change refers to a general term for any alteration or modification, which is not specifically related to physical traits. Adaptation refers to the process by which individuals adjust to their environment over time. Species refers to a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

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  • 13. 

    The development by scientists of a new color in a rose is the result of

    • Artificial selection

    • Natural selection

    • Descent with modification

    • Overproduction

    Correct Answer
    A. Artificial selection
    Explanation
    Artificial selection refers to the intentional breeding of plants or animals by humans for specific desired traits. In the case of developing a new color in a rose, scientists have likely selectively bred roses with certain color variations over multiple generations, allowing them to create a new color that does not exist naturally. This process involves choosing individuals with the desired color and breeding them together, gradually increasing the frequency of the desired trait in the population. Therefore, the development of a new color in a rose is a result of artificial selection.

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  • 14. 

    If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?

    • Tt

    • TT

    • Tt

    • TT

    Correct Answer
    A. Tt
    Explanation
    If a pea plant is homozygous recessive for height, it means that it has two identical recessive alleles for the height trait. In this case, the alleles would be represented by "tt". The lowercase letters indicate the recessive allele, and having two of them shows that the plant is homozygous for the recessive trait.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is a polymer of nucleotides?

    • Nucleic Acid

    • Protein

    • Carbohydrate

    • Lipid

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleic Acid
    Explanation
    Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They consist of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil). Nucleic acids play a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information, making them essential for the functioning of living organisms. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are not polymers of nucleotides, but they have their own unique structures and functions in biological systems.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of hominids?

    • Walking upright

    • Prehensile tails

    • Opposable thumbs

    • Large brains

    Correct Answer
    A. Prehensile tails
    Explanation
    Hominids are a group of primates that includes humans and their closest relatives. They are characterized by several distinct features, such as walking upright, opposable thumbs, and large brains. However, hominids do not possess prehensile tails. A prehensile tail is a specialized adaptation found in some primates, like monkeys and certain species of apes, that allows them to grasp and manipulate objects. Hominids, on the other hand, do not have this physical trait, making it the correct answer.

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  • 17. 

    The process of biological change over time by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors is called ___.

    • Mutation

    • Artificial selection

    • Uniformitarianism

    • Evolution

    Correct Answer
    A. Evolution
    Explanation
    Evolution is the correct answer because it refers to the process of biological change over time where descendants come to differ from their ancestors. It involves genetic variations and natural selection, leading to the development of new species and the adaptation to different environments. Mutation refers to a specific type of genetic change, while artificial selection is a human-driven process. Uniformitarianism, on the other hand, is a geological principle that states that the same natural processes that operate today have always operated in the past.

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  • 18. 

    Which term means the crossing of two different species that share common genes?

    • Hybridization

    • Mutation

    • Natural selection

    • Sexual selection

    Correct Answer
    A. Hybridization
    Explanation
    Hybridization refers to the process of crossing two different species that share common genes. It involves the combination of genetic material from two distinct species, resulting in offspring that exhibit traits from both parent species. This can occur naturally or be facilitated through human intervention, such as in the breeding of plants or animals. Hybridization plays a significant role in creating new species and increasing genetic diversity.

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  • 19. 

    Modern whales have vestigieal pelvic bones and lungs instead of gills. What does this evidence suggest about whale ancestors?

    • Whale ancestors lived on land.

    • Whale ancestors did not evolve.

    • Whale ancestors lived 850 million years ago.

    • Whale ancestors ate opossums.

    Correct Answer
    A. Whale ancestors lived on land.
    Explanation
    The presence of vestigial pelvic bones and lungs in modern whales suggests that their ancestors lived on land. This is because pelvic bones are typically associated with land-dwelling animals for the purpose of supporting and stabilizing their bodies. Additionally, the presence of lungs instead of gills indicates that whale ancestors were not aquatic creatures from the start, as gills are the respiratory organs of fish and other aquatic organisms. Therefore, the evidence strongly suggests that whale ancestors were land-dwelling mammals that eventually transitioned to an aquatic lifestyle.

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  • 20. 

    What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

    • Variation

    • Vestigial structure

    • Homologous structure

    • Adaptation

    Correct Answer
    A. Adaptation
    Explanation
    Adaptation is the correct answer because it refers to a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment. Adaptations can include physical traits, behaviors, or physiological processes that help an organism to better cope with its surroundings, increase its chances of survival, and reproduce successfully. These adaptations can be a result of natural selection, where individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to future generations.

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  • 21. 

    When an individual ___ from its population, the genetic diversity of the population decreases.

    • Emigrates

    • Immigrates

    • Isolates

    • Mutates

    Correct Answer
    A. Emigrates
    Explanation
    When an individual emigrates from its population, it leaves the population and takes its genetic information with it. This results in a decrease in the genetic diversity of the population because there is now one less source of genetic variation. Genetic diversity is important for the long-term survival and adaptability of a population, so when individuals emigrate, it can have negative effects on the overall genetic health of the population.

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  • 22. 

    ___ is a type of evolution in which organisms change in response to other organisms with which they have ecological relationships.

    • Coevolution

    • Convergent evolution

    • Divergent evolution

    • Deevolution

    Correct Answer
    A. Coevolution
    Explanation
    Coevolution is a type of evolution in which organisms change in response to other organisms with which they have ecological relationships. This means that the evolution of one species is directly influenced by the evolution of another species, resulting in reciprocal adaptations between the two. This type of evolution is commonly observed in predator-prey relationships, as well as in mutualistic relationships where two species depend on each other for survival and reproduction. Through coevolution, both species can undergo changes that enhance their chances of survival and reproductive success in their shared environment.

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  • 23. 

    Two organisms that are closeley related would have ___.

    • Very similar DNA sequences

    • Exactly the same DNA sequences

    • No proteins in common

    • Completely different DNA sequences

    Correct Answer
    A. Very similar DNA sequences
    Explanation
    Two organisms that are closely related would have very similar DNA sequences. This is because closely related organisms share a common ancestor and therefore have a high degree of genetic similarity. Over time, as organisms evolve and diverge from each other, their DNA sequences accumulate changes. However, closely related organisms have had less time to accumulate these changes, resulting in a higher degree of similarity in their DNA sequences. Therefore, the correct answer is that closely related organisms have very similar DNA sequences.

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  • 24. 

    Mendel's second law of genetics, the law of independent assortment, is one explanation of the

    • Random fertilization of gametes.

    • Final stages of gametogenesis.

    • Greater strength of dominant alleles.

    • Genetic variation within species.

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetic variation within species.
    Explanation
    Mendel's second law of genetics, the law of independent assortment, states that during the formation of gametes, the alleles for different traits segregate independently of each other. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait. This independent assortment leads to a greater genetic variation within a species, as different combinations of alleles can be formed in the offspring. Therefore, the correct answer is genetic variation within species.

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  • 25. 

    The process by which plants use sunlight to make glucose is called ___.

    • Mitosis

    • Cellular respiration

    • The cell cycle

    • Photosynthesis

    Correct Answer
    A. Photosynthesis
    Explanation
    Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll in the plant's cells captures energy from sunlight, which is then used to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose. This process is essential for plants to produce food and release oxygen into the atmosphere. Mitosis is the process of cell division, cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy, and the cell cycle refers to the series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides.

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  • 26. 

    ___ is known as the universal solvent.

    • Water

    • Acetone

    • Alcohol

    • Cytoplasm

    Correct Answer
    A. Water
    Explanation
    Water is known as the universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. This is due to its unique molecular structure, with polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding. Water molecules are attracted to both positive and negative charges, allowing them to surround and separate solute particles, breaking them apart and forming a solution. This property of water makes it essential for many biological processes, as it can dissolve and transport nutrients, waste products, and other molecules within cells and throughout organisms.

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  • 27. 

    When an organism has two alleles at a particular locus that are different, the organism is called

    • Purebred

    • Dominant

    • Heterozygous

    • Recessive

    Correct Answer
    A. Heterozygous
    Explanation
    When an organism has two alleles at a particular locus that are different, it is called heterozygous. Heterozygous means that the organism has two different alleles for a specific trait. In this case, the organism has two different alleles at a particular locus, indicating that it carries both the dominant and recessive alleles for that trait. This is different from being purebred, which means that the organism has two identical alleles for a specific trait, and from being dominant or recessive, which refers to the expression of a particular allele in the phenotype.

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  • 28. 

    ___ is a pattern of inheritance in which the gene for a trait is located on the X-chromosome, thereby creating disorders that are much more common in males than females.

    • Incomplete dominance

    • Co-dominance

    • Multiple allele

    • Sex-linked

    Correct Answer
    A. Sex-linked
    Explanation
    Sex-linked inheritance refers to the pattern of inheritance where a gene for a trait is located on the X-chromosome. This means that the trait is more commonly seen in males because they only have one X-chromosome, while females have two X-chromosomes. If the gene is recessive and located on the X-chromosome, males only need to inherit one copy of the gene to express the trait, while females need to inherit two copies. This results in disorders or traits being much more prevalent in males than females.

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  • 29. 

    All of the following branches of science provide evidence for evolution EXCEPT ___.

    • Biogeography

    • Embriology

    • Paleontology

    • Oncology

    Correct Answer
    A. Oncology
    Explanation
    Oncology is the study of cancer, which focuses on the causes, development, and treatment of the disease. While oncology contributes to our understanding of cancer and its impact on living organisms, it does not provide direct evidence for evolution. On the other hand, biogeography, embryology, and paleontology all provide evidence for evolution. Biogeography studies the distribution of species and how they have changed over time, embryology examines the development of organisms and similarities among different species, and paleontology studies fossils to understand the history of life on Earth.

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  • 30. 

    The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than others is known as ___.

    • Natural selection

    • Sexual selection

    • Genetic drift

    • Gene flow

    Correct Answer
    A. Natural selection
    Explanation
    Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. This leads to the passing on of advantageous traits to future generations, resulting in the gradual evolution of a population over time. Sexual selection refers to the selection of mates based on certain traits, genetic drift is the random change in allele frequencies in a population, and gene flow is the transfer of genetic information between populations.

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  • 31. 

    A measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the ___.

    • Gene pool

    • Allele frequency

    • Mutation rate

    • Phenotype

    Correct Answer
    A. Allele frequency
    Explanation
    Allele frequency refers to the proportion of a specific allele in a population. It is a measure of how commonly that allele occurs in the population. This frequency can be calculated by dividing the number of copies of the allele by the total number of alleles in the population. Understanding allele frequency is important in population genetics as it provides insights into genetic variation, evolution, and inheritance patterns within a population.

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  • 32. 

    What type of true fungus is used in making bread?

    • Club fungi

    • Yeast

    • Slime mold

    • Bread molds

    Correct Answer
    A. Yeast
    Explanation
    Yeast is a type of true fungus that is used in making bread. It is a single-celled organism that belongs to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. Yeast is responsible for the process of fermentation in bread-making, where it converts sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol. The carbon dioxide produced by yeast causes the dough to rise, resulting in a light and fluffy texture in the final bread product. Therefore, yeast is an essential ingredient in bread-making.

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  • 33. 

    What is the only hominid to co-exist with Homo sapiens in Europe?

    • Homo erectus

    • Homo neanderthalensis

    • Homo habilis

    • Homo robustus

    Correct Answer
    A. Homo neanderthalensis
    Explanation
    Homo neanderthalensis is the correct answer because it is the only hominid species that co-existed with Homo sapiens in Europe. Neanderthals lived in Europe and parts of Asia from approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They had a close genetic relationship with modern humans and are considered a sister species. Evidence suggests that Neanderthals had sophisticated tools, used fire, and had complex social structures. They eventually went extinct, possibly due to competition with Homo sapiens or climate change.

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  • 34. 

    The differences between members of the same species are known as ___.

    • Variations

    • Adaptations

    • Mutations

    • Genetic isolation

    Correct Answer
    A. Variations
    Explanation
    Variations refer to the differences or variations that exist among individuals of the same species. These differences can be in terms of physical characteristics, behavior, or genetic traits. Variations occur due to genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. They play a crucial role in evolution by providing the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Adaptations, on the other hand, are specific traits that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations, while genetic isolation refers to the separation of populations, leading to genetic differences over time.

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  • 35. 

    A ___ is a group of individuals of the same species in the same geographic area.

    • Species

    • Population

    • Breeding family

    • Community

    Correct Answer
    A. Population
    Explanation
    A population refers to a group of individuals of the same species that reside in the same geographic area. This term specifically focuses on the individuals of a single species and their interactions within a particular location. It does not include individuals from different species or their interactions, which are encompassed by the term "community." The term "breeding family" is not applicable here as it refers to a smaller group within a population, and species is a broader category that includes multiple populations.

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  • 36. 

    The process by which a DNA molecule is copied is ___.

    • Transcription

    • Translation

    • Replication

    • Mutation

    Correct Answer
    A. Replication
    Explanation
    The correct answer is replication. Replication refers to the process in which a DNA molecule is duplicated, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. This process is essential for cell division and the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. During replication, the DNA strands separate and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. Transcription, on the other hand, is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of protein synthesis. Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following is NOT a nucleotide found in DNA?

    • Adenine

    • Cytosine

    • Guanine

    • Uracil

    Correct Answer
    A. Uracil
    Explanation
    Uracil is not a nucleotide found in DNA. DNA is composed of four different nucleotides: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Uracil is found in RNA instead of DNA, where it pairs with adenine. Thymine is the nucleotide that pairs with adenine in DNA.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following is a polymer of amino acids?

    • Protein

    • Carbohydrate

    • Lipid

    • Nucleic Acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein
    Explanation
    Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Amino acids are joined together through peptide bonds to form long chains, which then fold into specific three-dimensional structures. These structures determine the function of proteins in the body. Carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are not polymers of amino acids. Carbohydrates are composed of sugar molecules, lipids are composed of fatty acids, and nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides.

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  • 39. 

    Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information?

    • Nucleus

    • Mitochondrion

    • Centriole

    • Chloroplast

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleus
    Explanation
    The nucleus is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's functioning and development. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, which helps protect the genetic material from damage. Additionally, the nucleus plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and controlling the cell's activities. Therefore, the nucleus is responsible for storing and controlling the genetic information of a cell.

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  • 40. 
    In the diagram to the right, what is structure B? - ProProfs

    In the diagram to the right, what is structure B?

    • Folded inner membrane

    • Stroma

    • Mitochondrial matrix

    • Thylakoid membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondrial matrix
    Explanation
    The correct answer is mitochondrial matrix. The diagram likely represents a mitochondrion, which is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrion is composed of an outer membrane and an inner membrane, with the space between them called the intermembrane space. Inside the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix, which contains enzymes involved in cellular respiration. This is where many of the metabolic reactions occur, including the citric acid cycle and the production of ATP. Therefore, structure B in the diagram is most likely representing the mitochondrial matrix.

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  • 41. 

    Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth's history?

    • Catastrophism

    • Uniformitarianism

    • Gradualism

    • Natural selection

    Correct Answer
    A. Catastrophism
    Explanation
    Catastrophism is the theory that suggests that floods and earthquakes have occurred frequently throughout Earth's history. This theory proposes that these natural disasters are caused by sudden, violent events or catastrophes rather than gradual processes. It explains that these catastrophic events have shaped the Earth's landscape and geological features over time.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring?

    • Individual

    • Population

    • Species

    • Fossil

    Correct Answer
    A. Species
    Explanation
    A species is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring. This means that individuals within a species share common characteristics and can mate with each other to produce offspring that are also capable of reproduction. The concept of a species is important in biology as it helps to classify and understand the diversity of life on Earth.

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  • 43. 

    The process by which new species arise from prior species is known as ___.

    • Divine creation

    • Genetic anomaly

    • Speciation

    • Bottleneck effect

    Correct Answer
    A. Speciation
    Explanation
    Speciation is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which new species arise from existing species. It involves the accumulation of genetic changes over time, leading to the development of distinct populations that can no longer interbreed. This process is a fundamental mechanism of evolution and is driven by factors such as genetic mutations, natural selection, and geographic isolation. Divine creation, genetic anomaly, and bottleneck effect do not accurately describe the process of new species formation.

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  • 44. 

    Scientists attemp to date fossils by examining the radioactive isotopes. This method is called ___.

    • Radiometric dating

    • Relative dating

    • Speed dating

    • Geologic time scaling

    Correct Answer
    A. Radiometric dating
    Explanation
    Radiometric dating is the correct answer because it refers to the method of dating fossils by analyzing the radioactive isotopes present in them. This technique relies on the principle that certain isotopes decay at a known rate over time, allowing scientists to determine the age of the fossils. Relative dating is a different method that involves determining the age of fossils based on their position in relation to other rock layers. Speed dating is a social activity unrelated to fossil dating, and geologic time scaling is a broader concept that involves organizing Earth's history into chronological divisions.

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  • 45. 

    The long, whip-like structures that helps some protists swim are called ___.

    • Cilia

    • Pseudopodia

    • Flagella

    • Pellicles

    Correct Answer
    A. Flagella
    Explanation
    Flagella are long, whip-like structures that help some protists swim. These structures are typically found in single-celled organisms and are used for locomotion. The flagella move in a whip-like motion, propelling the organism through its environment. Cilia, on the other hand, are shorter and more numerous hair-like structures that also aid in movement. Pseudopodia are temporary projections of the cell membrane that help with cell movement and engulfing prey. Pellicles, on the other hand, are a protective layer found in some protists but are not involved in swimming.

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  • 46. 

    A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells and produces gametes is known as ___.

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    • Cellular regeneration

    • Binary fission

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the correct answer because it is the form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells and produces gametes. Mitosis is a form of cell division that results in two identical diploid cells. Cellular regeneration refers to the process of replacing damaged or lost cells, and binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two identical cells.

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  • 47. 

    What is the term for the jelly-like substance that is contained inside the cell membrane?

    • Organelle

    • Nucleus

    • Cytoplasm

    • DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytoplasm
    Explanation
    Cytoplasm is the correct answer because it refers to the jelly-like substance that is enclosed by the cell membrane. It contains various organelles, such as the nucleus, and is responsible for supporting the cell's structure and housing the cell's genetic material, DNA.

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  • 48. 

    Short, hair-like projections that cover the protist cell surface and help it swim and capture food are called ___.

    • Cilia

    • Flagella

    • Pseudopods

    • Vacuoles

    Correct Answer
    A. Cilia
    Explanation
    Cilia are short, hair-like projections that cover the protist cell surface. They play a crucial role in helping the protist swim and capture food. Cilia move in a coordinated manner, creating a wave-like motion that propels the protist through its environment. Additionally, cilia also aid in the capture of food particles by creating currents that bring the food towards the protist. Therefore, cilia are the correct answer as they are the structures responsible for both locomotion and feeding in protists.

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  • 49. 
    In the diagram to the right, what is structure A? - ProProfs

    In the diagram to the right, what is structure A?

    • Folded inner membrane

    • Mitochondrial matrix

    • Stroma

    • Thylakoid membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Folded inner membrane
    Explanation
    Structure A in the diagram represents the folded inner membrane. This is because the folded inner membrane is a characteristic feature of mitochondria, where it increases the surface area available for cellular respiration and ATP production. The other options, such as the mitochondrial matrix, stroma, and thylakoid membrane, are associated with other cellular structures like chloroplasts and not applicable to the given diagram.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): May 7, 2024 +

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  • Current Version
  • May 07, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • May 17, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Christopher Mack

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