CSCS Chapter 4
Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which part of the skeletal system consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum?
- A.
Axial
- B.
Appendicular
- C.
Peripheral
- D.
Central
Correct Answer
A. AxialExplanation
The correct answer is Axial. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. This part of the skeletal system provides support and protection for the vital organs, such as the brain and spinal cord. It also plays a role in maintaining posture and facilitating movement. The appendicular skeleton, on the other hand, includes the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which type of joint is not matched with the correct example?
- A.
Fibrous--sutures of skull
- B.
Cartilaginous-- knee
- C.
Synovial--elbow
Correct Answer
B. Cartilaginous-- kneeExplanation
The knee joint is actually an example of a synovial joint, not a cartilaginous joint. Cartilaginous joints are characterized by the presence of cartilage between the bones, which allows for limited movement. In the knee joint, however, there is a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid, which allows for a wide range of movement.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When throwing a ball, the agonist muscle is the ______________, the antagoinist muscle is the ____________, and the synergist muscle is ___________
Correct Answer
Triceps; Biceps; Scapular StabilizersExplanation
The triceps muscle is responsible for extending the arm when throwing a ball, making it the agonist muscle. The biceps muscle, on the other hand, performs the opposite action of flexing the arm, making it the antagonist muscle. The scapular stabilizers work in synergy with the triceps and biceps muscles to ensure proper shoulder movement and stability during the throwing motion.Rate this question:
- 4.
A ___________ class lever is a lever where the muscle force acts on the opposite side of the fulcrum from the resistive force; example: the forearm in elbow extension.
Correct Answer
first
1stExplanation
A first-class lever is a type of lever where the muscle force is applied on the opposite side of the fulcrum from the resistive force. This means that the force exerted by the muscles is used to overcome the resistance, such as extending the forearm at the elbow joint. The term "first" or "1st" is used to refer to this specific type of lever.Rate this question:
- 5.
True or False: For slow movements, such as power-lifting, tendon insertion farther from the joint than normal can be advantageous.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
For slow movements like power-lifting, having tendon insertion farther from the joint than normal can be advantageous. This is because a longer lever arm can provide a mechanical advantage, allowing the muscles to generate more force. With the tendon inserted farther from the joint, the moment arm of the muscle is increased, resulting in greater torque production and improved performance in slow, strength-based movements.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Calculate the amout of work involved in lifting a 100 kg barbell 2m
Correct Answer
1960 JExplanation
Force (Weight) = 9.8 m/s2 x 100 kg = 980 N
Work = Force x Distance
Work = 980 N x 2 m = 1960 JRate this question:
- 7.
______________ attributes to much of the increase in strength in the first few weeks of resistance training "brain learning"
- A.
Neural control
- B.
Loss of fat
- C.
Increase in endorphins
- D.
Bone growth
Correct Answer
A. Neural controlExplanation
During the initial weeks of resistance training, the increase in strength is primarily attributed to neural control. This is because the brain learns to activate and coordinate the muscles more efficiently, leading to improved muscle recruitment and contraction. Neural adaptations, such as increased motor unit activation and synchronization, play a significant role in enhancing strength and performance. This is often referred to as "brain learning" as the central nervous system adapts and becomes more efficient in controlling the muscles during resistance exercises.Rate this question:
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- 8.
True or False: All else equal, the force a muscle exerts is related to the cross sectional area of the muscle rather than the volume.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The force a muscle exerts is related to the cross-sectional area of the muscle rather than the volume because the cross-sectional area is directly proportional to the number of muscle fibers that can contract simultaneously. When a muscle contracts, the force it generates is a result of the collective force produced by all the contracting muscle fibers. Therefore, a larger cross-sectional area means more muscle fibers can contract, resulting in a greater force production. The volume of the muscle, on the other hand, does not directly impact the force generated.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which type of muscle is not matched with the correct muscle example.
- A.
Bipennate--rectus femoris
- B.
Unipennate--tibialis anterior
- C.
Radiate--biceps brachii
- D.
Longitudinal--rectus abdominis
- E.
Multimennate--Deltoid
Correct Answer
C. Radiate--biceps brachiiExplanation
The given correct answer states that the muscle type "Radiate" is not matched with the correct muscle example "biceps brachii." However, the biceps brachii is actually an example of a radiate muscle. Radiate muscles have fibers that radiate or converge from a central tendon, which is the case with the biceps brachii. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 10.
True or False: When a muscle is fully contracted, it can generate the greatest force.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
When a muscle is fully contracted, it is actually at its shortest length and cannot generate the greatest force. The greatest force is generated when the muscle is at an intermediate length, allowing for optimal overlap of actin and myosin filaments.Rate this question:
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- 11.
True or False: When a weight is horizontally closer to a joint, it exerts less resistive torque than compared with a weight that is horizontally farther away from the joint.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When a weight is horizontally closer to a joint, it exerts less resistive torque compared to a weight that is horizontally farther away from the joint. This is because the distance between the weight and the joint, known as the lever arm, affects the torque. The shorter the lever arm, the less torque is produced. Therefore, when the weight is closer to the joint horizontally, the lever arm is shorter and the resistive torque is reduced.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which is not an advantage of a weight stack machine?
- A.
Very Safe
- B.
Design flexibility--able to do things that are hard to do with free weights
- C.
Easy to use
- D.
Simulation of real life activities
Correct Answer
D. Simulation of real life activitiesExplanation
The weight stack machine does not provide simulation of real-life activities. This means that the movements or exercises performed on this machine may not mimic the natural movements required for activities in everyday life. While weight stack machines offer other advantages such as safety, design flexibility, and ease of use, they may not effectively replicate real-life movements.Rate this question:
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- 13.
__________ resistive force is encountered when an athlete attempts to move an object while it is pressed against another object
- A.
Fluid
- B.
Elastic
- C.
Friction
- D.
Inertia
Correct Answer
C. FrictionExplanation
When an athlete tries to move an object that is pressed against another object, they will encounter a resistive force known as friction. Friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact with each other and there is relative motion or an attempt to move. In this scenario, the surfaces of the objects and the pressure between them will create friction, making it difficult for the athlete to move the object smoothly.Rate this question:
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- 14.
True or False: The lack of eccentric muscle action with fluid resistance machines means that such exercises probably does not provide optimonl training for sport movements that involve eccentric muscle action such as running, jumping, or throwing.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Fluid resistance machines do not provide optimal training for sport movements that involve eccentric muscle action such as running, jumping, or throwing because they lack eccentric muscle action. Eccentric muscle action is important for deceleration, force absorption, and generating power, which are all crucial for sports movements. Therefore, the lack of eccentric muscle action in fluid resistance machines makes them less effective for training in sports that require these movements.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Negative work and power occurs during _____________ muscle activity
- A.
Concentric
- B.
Eccentric
- C.
Isometric
Correct Answer
B. EccentricExplanation
Negative work and power occur during eccentric muscle activity. Eccentric muscle contractions happen when the muscle lengthens while generating force. This occurs when the external load or resistance is greater than the force generated by the muscle. During eccentric contractions, the muscle acts as a brake to control the movement and decelerate the body or an object. This type of muscle activity is commonly seen when lowering weights or controlling movements during activities such as running downhill or descending stairs.Rate this question:
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- 16.
True or False: Of the various components of the knee, the patella and surrounding tissue are the Least susceptible to the kinds of forces encountered in resistance training
Correct Answer
FalseExplanation
The statement is false because the patella and surrounding tissue are actually highly susceptible to the forces encountered in resistance training. Resistance training involves putting stress on the muscles and joints, and the patella and surrounding tissue can be affected by these forces. In fact, patellar tendonitis, which is inflammation of the patellar tendon, is a common injury among individuals who engage in resistance training. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the patella and surrounding tissue are the least susceptible to these forces.Rate this question:
- 17.
Hip flexion and extension occur in which plane(s)
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Transverse
- C.
Oblique
- D.
Sagittal
Correct Answer
D. SagittalExplanation
Hip flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, and movements in this plane involve forward and backward motions. When the hip joint flexes, it moves the thigh bone forward, and when it extends, it moves the thigh bone backward. Therefore, hip flexion and extension primarily occur in the sagittal plane.Rate this question:
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- 18.
True or False: In order to create intra-abdominal pressure athletes must use the valsalva maneuver
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The Valsalva maneuver is a technique used to create intra-abdominal pressure by closing the glottis and contracting the muscles of the abdomen. While athletes may use the Valsalva maneuver in certain situations, it is not the only way to create intra-abdominal pressure. Other techniques such as bracing the core and engaging the diaphragm can also be used to create intra-abdominal pressure during exercises like lifting heavy weights. Therefore, the statement that athletes must use the Valsalva maneuver to create intra-abdominal pressure is false.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The best back lifting posture to avoid injury is
- A.
Flat-back
- B.
Slightly arched
- C.
Rounded
- D.
Kyphotic
Correct Answer
A. Flat-backExplanation
The best back lifting posture to avoid injury is a flat-back. This means keeping the back straight and aligned with the hips and shoulders. Maintaining a flat-back posture during lifting helps distribute the weight evenly and reduces the strain on the spine. It also promotes proper muscle engagement and stability, minimizing the risk of injury to the back.Rate this question:
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