1.
A mother complains that her 13-year-old has started to grow rapidly, and asks the nurse if this is normal and how long it will last. The best nursing response is:
Correct Answer
C. "This is normal and can last until about age 20."
Explanation
Rationale: Growth rate is normally rapid during the adolescent years from ages 12-20. It can be expected to occur throughout this entire time span, not just for a few months or years.
2.
A 21-year-old who has just graduated from college has had a serious automobile accident and faces many months of hospitalization and rehabilitation. The nurse, in planning care, recognizes that according to Havighurst, this client may delay or have difficulty with successful accomplishment of which developmental task?
Correct Answer
A. Selecting a mate and getting started in an occupation
Explanation
Rationale: Havighurst identifies two developmental tasks of early adulthood: selecting a mate and getting started in an occupation. Exhibiting socially responsible behavior, developing an ethical system of behavior, selecting an occupation, and developing intellectual skills necessary for civic competence are tasks of adolescence, and should already have been accomplished. Developing a conscience and developing appropriate masculine or feminine social roles are tasks of middle childhood, and also should already have been accomplished.
3.
A mother is frustrated because her 2½-year-old is not toilet
trained and will not use the potty when placed on it. What suggestion by
the nurse is most appropriate?
Correct Answer
D. Make up a game to encourage the child to want to use the potty
Explanation
Rationale: The child is at Freud's anal stage of development (1½ to 3 years). The major conflict of this stage is toilet training. The child needs to be able to maintain a sense of control, and training should be a pleasurable experience. That can be accomplished by making toilet training a game. Punishment and forcing a child to sit on the potty do not support the child's sense of control. Laxatives are not appropriate unless recommended by the physician for constipation.
4.
- The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a
9-year-old female client who is diabetic. Which actions would be
appropriate, according to Piaget?
Correct Answer
A. Teaching size of food portions and importance of timing snacks and meals
Explanation
Rationale: This child is at the concrete operations phase (ages 7-11), characterized by the ability to understand size relationships, solve concrete problems, understand left and right, and recognize viewpoints. Developmentally, the child should be able to understand portion size and timing of meals and snacks. The child is still focused on the here and now, so discussing future pregnancy hazards is not appropriate. Use of hypothetical problem situations is more appropriate to the formal operations phase (ages 11-18 years), and use of hand puppets is more appropriate for younger children.
5.
A mother expresses concern to the nurse
regarding her 5-year-old child's development. She says: "I read
Erikson and Piaget, and my child does not seem to be on target. Also, my
neighbor's child seems more advanced. My doctor says not to worry, but I
do." The best nursing response is:
Correct Answer
B. "Tell me exactly what your child is or is not doing that causes you concern."
Explanation
Rationale: More information is needed. Human development is complex. A limitation of developmental theories is that they do not account for individual variations. Individual differences are to be expected. Unless the child is markedly delayed in development, the variation is normal. If the child is markedly delayed, more evaluation is indicated.
6.
In which developmental stage do people reduce to a retirement home?
Correct Answer
D. Later Maturity
Explanation
In the later maturity stage, people often reduce to a retirement home. This is because as individuals age, they may require more assistance with daily activities and healthcare needs. Retirement homes provide a supportive and safe environment for older adults, offering services such as meals, housekeeping, and medical care. Moving to a retirement home can also provide social opportunities and a sense of community for seniors.
7.
"Learning to get along with age-mates" is part of which developmental stage?
Correct Answer
A. Middle Childhood
Explanation
"Learning to get along with age-mates" is part of the developmental stage called Middle Childhood. During this stage, children typically develop social skills and learn how to interact with their peers. They begin to form friendships and learn how to navigate social situations, such as resolving conflicts and cooperating with others. This stage is characterized by a focus on peer relationships and the development of social competence.
8.
Which of the following developmental tasks is associated with the Adolescence Stage of development?
Correct Answer
C. Achieving masculine or feminine role in the society
Explanation
During the adolescence stage of development, individuals go through the process of forming their gender identity and understanding their roles in society. This involves discovering and embracing their masculine or feminine traits and behaviors. Learning how to count is typically a task associated with early childhood development, while selecting a spouse is a task associated with adulthood. Therefore, achieving a masculine or feminine role in society is the most appropriate developmental task associated with the adolescence stage.
9.
If an individual is not successful in accomplishing a task, he becomes unhappy and is not accorded the desired approval by society.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement suggests that if a person fails to complete a task, they will feel unhappy and will not receive the approval they were seeking from society. This implies that success in accomplishing tasks is important for personal happiness and social acceptance.
10.
Adolescents are expected to establish and have her/his own living quarter or house at age 13.
Correct Answer
A. False
Explanation
This statement is false because it is not realistic or practical for adolescents to establish and have their own living quarters or house at the age of 13. At this age, most adolescents are still dependent on their parents or guardians for housing and support. Establishing one's own living quarters typically requires financial stability, legal age, and the ability to take on responsibilities such as paying rent or mortgage, which are not typically feasible for a 13-year-old.