Dhyg 219 Oral Pathology Lecture 2 Inflammation & Repair Pt. 1
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Quiz on Lecture Notes
- 1.
What are the body's two responses to injury?
- A.
Repair
- B.
Shock
- C.
Inflammation
- D.
Rejection
Correct Answer(s)
A. Repair
C. InflammationExplanation
Repair and inflammation are the 2 responses.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Inflammation allows the human body to do what 3 things ?
- A.
Decrease the chance of any further damage.
- B.
Eliminate injurious agents.
- C.
Contain injuries.
- D.
To begin the healing process.
- E.
Heal defects
Correct Answer(s)
B. Eliminate injurious agents.
C. Contain injuries.
E. Heal defectsExplanation
Eliminate injurious agents,contain injuries and heal defects are the 3.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Injury is an alteration in the environment that causes _____ damage.
Correct Answer(s)
Tissue
tissueExplanation
tissue is the correct answer.Rate this question:
- 4.
Injury to oral tissues can be caused by these 4 factors.
- A.
Physical injury
- B.
Mental injury
- C.
Microorganisms
- D.
Nutritional deficiencies
- E.
Chemical injury
Correct Answer(s)
A. pHysical injury
C. Microorganisms
D. Nutritional deficiencies
E. Chemical injuryExplanation
Physical,Microorganisms,nutritional deficiencies, and chemical are the 4.Rate this question:
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- 5.
This injury can affect teeth,soft tissue, and bone.
- A.
Chemical
- B.
Mental
- C.
Physical
- D.
A poorly trained hygienists
- E.
Trisapportic
Correct Answer
C. pHysicalExplanation
Physical is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 6.
This injury can occur from the application of caustic materials to oral tissues.
- A.
Chemical
- B.
Rug burn
- C.
Abrasion
- D.
Physical
- E.
Mental
Correct Answer
A. ChemicalExplanation
Chemical is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 7.
This can cause injury by invading oral tissues.
- A.
Multipleorganisms
- B.
Cola products
- C.
Excessive brushing
- D.
Microorganisims
- E.
Angel food Cake
Correct Answer
D. MicroorganisimsExplanation
Microorganisms is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 8.
This can render oral tissues more susceptible to injury from other sources.
- A.
Pyhsical Injury
- B.
Mental Injury
- C.
Microorganisms
- D.
Nutrional deficiencies
- E.
Multipleorganisms
Correct Answer
D. Nutrional deficienciesExplanation
Nutrional deficiencies is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 9.
Select all the mechanisms the body has to protect against injury
- A.
Tears
- B.
Urine
- C.
Intact skin or mucosa
- D.
Diarrhea
- E.
Enzymes in saliva (lsozyme)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Tears
B. Urine
C. Intact skin or mucosa
D. Diarrhea
E. Enzymes in saliva (lsozyme)Explanation
All 5 are natural defenses the body has against injury.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Of the 5 bodies mechanisms for protecting against injury which removes foreign substances?
- A.
Intact skin or mucosa
- B.
Tears
- C.
Urine
- D.
Diarrhea
- E.
Enzymes in saliva (lysozyme)
Correct Answer
D. DiarrheaExplanation
Diarrhea removes foreign substancesRate this question:
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- 11.
Inflammation is nonspecific response to injury and occurs in the same manner regardless of the _____ of the injury.
- A.
Size
- B.
Location
- C.
Shape
- D.
Nature
- E.
Area
Correct Answer
D. NatureExplanation
Location is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 12.
The inflammatory response may be local and limited to the area of the injury, or it may become systemic if the injury is _______ .
- A.
Extensive
- B.
Chronic
- C.
Acute
- D.
Reduced
- E.
Gang related
Correct Answer
A. ExtensiveExplanation
Extensive is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 13.
The inflammatory response may be _____ or chronic.
- A.
Gang related
- B.
Bubonic
- C.
Acute
- D.
Benign
- E.
Systomatic
Correct Answer
C. AcuteExplanation
Acute is the correct answerRate this question:
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- 14.
If th injury is minimal and brief and its source is removed from the tissue, only ____ inflammation occurs.
- A.
Acute
- B.
Benign
- C.
Malignant
- D.
Frapasorrus
- E.
Local
Correct Answer
A. AcuteExplanation
Acute inflammation occurs when there is minimal and brief injury to the tissue, and the source of the injury is removed. This type of inflammation is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the affected area. It is a normal and necessary response of the body to protect and heal the injured tissue.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Acute inflammation is short, lasting only a few ____ ?
- A.
Hours
- B.
Minutes
- C.
Seconds
- D.
Nanoseconds
- E.
Days
Correct Answer
E. DaysExplanation
Acute inflammation is a short-lasting response of the body's immune system to injury or infection. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. While inflammation can vary in duration depending on the severity of the injury or infection, it typically lasts for a few days. During this time, the body works to eliminate the source of inflammation and initiate the healing process.Rate this question:
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- 16.
If the inflammatory response is longer lasting than a few days then it is referred to as _____ inflammation.
- A.
Acute
- B.
Femalatorric
- C.
Chemical
- D.
Chronic
- E.
Barbaric
Correct Answer
D. ChronicExplanation
If the inflammatory response lasts for more than a few days, it is referred to as chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a prolonged and persistent response that can last for weeks, months, or even years. It is typically caused by conditions such as autoimmune diseases, persistent infections, or prolonged exposure to harmful substances. Unlike acute inflammation, which is a short-term response to injury or infection, chronic inflammation can cause damage to tissues and organs over time.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Chronic inflammation may last how long ?
- A.
Hours
- B.
Weeks
- C.
Months
- D.
Indefinitely
- E.
B,C, And D
Correct Answer
E. B,C, And DExplanation
Chronic inflammation can last for weeks, months, or indefinitely. This means that it can persist for a prolonged period of time, causing ongoing damage and leading to various health issues.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Repair of the tissue occurs only if the _______ source of the injury is removed.
- A.
Local
- B.
Persistent
- C.
Remote
- D.
Unilateral
- E.
Consistant
Correct Answer
B. PersistentExplanation
Repair of tissue occurs only if the persistent source of the injury is removed. This means that if the source of the injury continues to exist or persist, the tissue cannot fully heal or repair itself. Removing the persistent source is crucial for the healing process to take place.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Inflammation of a specific tissue is denoted by the suffix "____" combined with the name of the tissue.
- A.
Osis
- B.
Lous
- C.
Itis
- D.
Otis
- E.
Pro
Correct Answer
C. ItisExplanation
The suffix "itis" is commonly used to indicate inflammation of a specific tissue. When combined with the name of the tissue, it forms the medical term for inflammation in that specific area. For example, "appendicitis" refers to inflammation of the appendix and "bronchitis" refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Therefore, "itis" is the correct suffix to denote inflammation of a specific tissue.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Local clinical changes at the site of the injury are called the classic signs of inflammation; the local changes include.
- A.
Both b and c
- B.
Redness or heat
- C.
Heat,swelling or pain
- D.
Loss of normal tissue function
- E.
B,C and D
Correct Answer
E. B,C and DExplanation
The correct answer is B, C, and D. Local clinical changes at the site of the injury are called the classic signs of inflammation, which include redness or heat, swelling or pain, and loss of normal tissue function. These signs indicate that the body is responding to the injury and attempting to heal itself.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Systemic signs of inflammation may be present when the response is more extensive; these 3 are ?
- A.
An increase in body temperature
- B.
An increase in the number of white blood cells
- C.
An decrease in the body temperature
- D.
Enlargement of lymph nodes
- E.
An decrease in the number of white blood cells
Correct Answer(s)
A. An increase in body temperature
B. An increase in the number of white blood cells
D. Enlargement of lympH nodesExplanation
Systemic signs of inflammation are indicators that the body is responding to an extensive inflammatory response. An increase in body temperature, an increase in the number of white blood cells, and enlargement of lymph nodes are all common systemic signs of inflammation. These signs occur due to the body's immune system activation and release of inflammatory mediators. The increase in body temperature helps to create an inhospitable environment for pathogens, while the increase in white blood cells helps to fight off the infection. Enlargement of lymph nodes indicates that the immune system is actively responding to the inflammation and trying to clear the infection.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The microscopic events of inflammation involve the microcirculation in the area of injury,certain blood cells, and chemicals called ____ mediators ?
- A.
Nuetron
- B.
Micro
- C.
Chemical
- D.
Proton
- E.
Marriage
Correct Answer
C. ChemicalExplanation
The correct answer is "Chemical" because inflammation involves the release of chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and cytokines, which play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. These mediators are released by certain blood cells in the microcirculation of the injured area and contribute to the dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability, and recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In the event of inflammation what 3 things involve the microcirculation in the area of injury.
- A.
Capillaries
- B.
Venules
- C.
White blood cells
- D.
Chemical
- E.
Arterioles
Correct Answer(s)
A. Capillaries
B. Venules
E. ArteriolesExplanation
During inflammation, the microcirculation in the area of injury is involved in three main processes: dilation of capillaries, dilation of venules, and constriction of arterioles. Capillaries dilate to increase blood flow and allow more immune cells to reach the site of injury. Venules also dilate to facilitate the movement of white blood cells out of the bloodstream and into the affected tissue. Arterioles, on the other hand, constrict to regulate blood flow and control the amount of fluid and immune cells entering the injured area.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Normally, blood flows through the microcirculation, and exchange of _____ and nutrients occurs as fluid passes between the endothelial cells lining the vessel walls.
- A.
Carbon
- B.
Friendship
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Bonding agents
- E.
White Cells
Correct Answer
C. OxygenExplanation
Blood flows through the microcirculation, which consists of small blood vessels called capillaries. These capillaries are lined with endothelial cells. As blood passes through these vessels, exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs between the blood and the surrounding tissues. Oxygen is an essential component for cellular respiration and is transported by red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The lymphatic vessels carry away ____ that cannot reenter the blood vessels. (slide)
- A.
Fluid
- B.
Bad blood
- C.
Damaged nutrients
- D.
Money
- E.
Your best friend
Correct Answer
A. FluidExplanation
The lymphatic vessels carry away fluid that cannot reenter the blood vessels. This fluid includes excess interstitial fluid, which is the fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by collecting this excess fluid and returning it to the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The increased blood flow that fills the capillary beds in the injured tissue is called ?
- A.
Lymphatic
- B.
Microscopic
- C.
Hyperemia
- D.
Endothelial
- E.
Leukocytosis
Correct Answer
C. HyperemiaExplanation
Hyperemia refers to the increased blood flow that fills the capillary beds in injured tissue. It is a physiological response to injury or inflammation, resulting in redness and warmth in the affected area. This increased blood flow helps to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to the injured tissue, promoting the healing process.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In Hyperemia it is responsible for two clinical signs of inflammation, what are they?
- A.
Fever
- B.
Redness
- C.
An increase in white blood cells
- D.
Heat
- E.
Enlarged lymph nodes
Correct Answer(s)
B. Redness
D. HeatExplanation
In Hyperemia, the increased blood flow to the affected area leads to redness and heat. This is because the dilation of blood vessels causes more blood to flow through the area, resulting in the characteristic redness. Additionally, the increased blood flow also leads to heat being radiated from the area, causing it to feel warm to the touch.Rate this question:
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- 28.
As a result, blood plasma and proteins flow into the injured tissues as a fluid that is called what ?
- A.
Exudatex
- B.
Exudate
- C.
Exudation
- D.
Exdated
- E.
ExConDater
Correct Answer
B. ExudateExplanation
Exudate is the correct answer because when tissues are injured, blood plasma and proteins flow into the injured area, resulting in a fluid called exudate. Exudate is a mixture of fluid, proteins, and cells that is produced as a response to inflammation or injury. It helps to clean and protect the injured area and allows for the transport of immune cells and nutrients to aid in the healing process.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What are the 2 main types of Exudate ?
- A.
Serious
- B.
Purulent
- C.
Serous
- D.
Purpulent
- E.
Sertoucious
Correct Answer(s)
B. Purulent
C. SerousExplanation
The two main types of exudate are purulent and serous. Purulent exudate is thick, yellowish or greenish in color, and contains pus, indicating the presence of infection. Serous exudate, on the other hand, is thin, clear or slightly yellowish in color, and contains a small amount of protein and cellular debris. It is typically seen in non-infected wounds or inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Serous exudate is composed mainly of plasma fluids and proteins with a ___ white blood cells.
- A.
Truck load of
- B.
Dozen or so
- C.
Small amount of
- D.
Few
- E.
Many
Correct Answer
D. FewExplanation
Serous exudate is a type of fluid that is released during inflammation. It is primarily composed of plasma fluids and proteins. However, it contains only a few white blood cells. This suggests that the inflammatory response in this particular case is not severe, as there are only a small number of white blood cells present in the exudate.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Purulent exudate contains tissue debris and ____ white blood cells in addition to plasma fluids and proteins.
- A.
Truck load of
- B.
Dozen or so
- C.
Small amount of
- D.
Few
- E.
Many
Correct Answer
E. ManyExplanation
Purulent exudate is a type of fluid that is produced during an inflammatory response. It is characterized by the presence of tissue debris and a high number of white blood cells, in addition to plasma fluids and proteins. The term "many" accurately describes the abundance of white blood cells in purulent exudate, emphasizing the significant immune response taking place.Rate this question:
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- 32.
6 different kinds of cells involved in Acute Inflammatory Response are ? (Read on your own)
- A.
Neutrophils & Monocytes & Lymphocytes
- B.
Plasma cells & Eosinophils & Mast cells
- C.
Both A & B
- D.
None apply
- E.
All of the Above
Correct Answer
C. Both A & BExplanation
The correct answer is "Both A & B". The acute inflammatory response involves the activation and recruitment of various types of cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells. Neutrophils and monocytes are involved in the initial response, while lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells play roles in the later stages of inflammation. Therefore, both options A (neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) and B (plasma cells, eosinophils, and mast cells) are correct.Rate this question:
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- 33.
_____ agents called chemical mediators cause many of the events involved in the inflammatory response.
- A.
Biological
- B.
Radiological
- C.
Astronomical
- D.
Chemical
- E.
Secret
Correct Answer
D. ChemicalExplanation
Chemical agents called chemical mediators cause many of the events involved in the inflammatory response. Inflammation is a complex biological process that occurs in response to tissue injury or infection. Chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and cytokines, are released by cells in the affected area and play a crucial role in initiating and regulating the inflammatory response. They cause vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury or infection. This leads to redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are characteristic symptoms of inflammation. Therefore, the correct answer is "chemical".Rate this question:
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- 34.
Chemical mediators are essential to the inflammatory response and can start or _____ the inflammatory response.
- A.
Eliminate
- B.
Reduce
- C.
Stop
- D.
Increase ten-fold
- E.
Amplify
Correct Answer
E. AmplifyExplanation
Chemical mediators play a crucial role in the inflammatory response by initiating or intensifying it. They are responsible for recruiting immune cells, dilating blood vessels, and increasing vascular permeability, which leads to swelling and redness. Therefore, the correct answer "amplify" accurately reflects the role of chemical mediators in enhancing and intensifying the inflammatory response.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What are the Three systems in the blood that may be activated during inflammation ? (Read up on these)
- A.
Blotting mechanism
- B.
Clotting mechanism
- C.
Kinin system
- D.
Conan system
- E.
Complement system
Correct Answer(s)
B. Clotting mechanism
C. Kinin system
E. Complement systemExplanation
The three systems in the blood that may be activated during inflammation are the clotting mechanism, kinin system, and complement system. The clotting mechanism helps to stop bleeding by forming a blood clot at the site of injury. The kinin system is involved in the dilation of blood vessels and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. The complement system plays a role in the immune response by promoting inflammation, attracting immune cells, and assisting in the destruction of pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In addition to the local features of inflammation systemic signs may also occur, such as these Three.
- A.
Fever
- B.
Clotting
- C.
Blotting
- D.
Leukocytosis
- E.
Lymphadenopathy
Correct Answer(s)
A. Fever
D. Leukocytosis
E. LympHadenopathyExplanation
The correct answer is Fever, Leukocytosis, Lymphadenopathy. In addition to the local features of inflammation, systemic signs can also occur. Fever is a common systemic sign of inflammation, characterized by an elevated body temperature. Leukocytosis refers to an increase in the number of white blood cells, which is a response to infection or inflammation. Lymphadenopathy is the enlargement of lymph nodes, often indicating an immune response to inflammation or infection. These three signs are commonly observed in systemic inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A Fever is an elevation of body temperature greater than the normal of ____ ?
- A.
96.5 F
- B.
96 F
- C.
98.6 F
- D.
96.8 F
- E.
95.6 F
Correct Answer
C. 98.6 FExplanation
A fever is defined as an elevation of body temperature above the normal range. The normal body temperature is considered to be 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Therefore, a fever is an elevation of body temperature greater than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A temporary increase in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is ____ ?
- A.
Highly unlikely
- B.
Leukocytosis
- C.
Monofybrosis
- D.
Lymphadenopathy
- E.
Mononucleosis
Correct Answer
B. LeukocytosisExplanation
Leukocytosis refers to a temporary increase in the number of white blood cells in the bloodstream. This can occur in response to various factors such as infection, inflammation, or stress. It is a normal physiological response of the body to combat any potential threats. Monofybrosis, lymphadenopathy, and mononucleosis are not related to an increase in white blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is Leukocytosis.Rate this question:
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- 39.
A condition associated with various diseases processes that affect lymph nodes, such that they become enlarged and palpable.
- A.
Leukocytosis
- B.
Monofybrosis
- C.
Lymphadenopathy
- D.
Mononucleosis
- E.
Monofybrosis
Correct Answer
C. LympHadenopathyExplanation
Lymphadenopathy refers to the condition where lymph nodes become enlarged and palpable due to various disease processes. It is not a specific disease itself but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. This can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, cancer, or other diseases that affect the lymphatic system. Lymphadenopathy can be localized, affecting only certain lymph nodes, or generalized, affecting multiple lymph nodes throughout the body. It is important to identify the underlying cause of lymphadenopathy in order to provide appropriate treatment.Rate this question:
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- 40.
____ is the most favorable end to acute inflammation and involves complete removal of all cells, by-products, and inflammatory exudate that enter the tissue during inflammation and return of the microcirculation to its preinflammatory state.
- A.
Reduction
- B.
Rejuvenation
- C.
Discombobulation
- D.
Repair
- E.
Regurgitation.
Correct Answer
D. RepairExplanation
Repair is the most favorable end to acute inflammation as it involves the complete removal of all cells, by-products, and inflammatory exudate that enter the tissue during inflammation. It also includes the return of the microcirculation to its preinflammatory state, indicating that the tissue has healed and returned to its normal functioning. This process is crucial for restoring the tissue's integrity and functionality after inflammation.Rate this question:
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- 41.
____ takes place when complete return of the tissue to normal is not possible because the damage has been to great.
- A.
Induction
- B.
Abrasion
- C.
Reduction
- D.
All of the above
- E.
Repair
Correct Answer
E. RepairExplanation
Repair takes place when complete return of the tissue to normal is not possible because the damage has been too great. When the damage to a tissue or organ is extensive, the body initiates a repair process to restore its structure and function as much as possible. This involves the formation of scar tissue to fill in the damaged area and promote healing. Repair is a natural response of the body to injuries that cannot be completely reversed.Rate this question:
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