Diabetes Mellitus - Diagnosis To Management
This quiz is to test your knowledge about some aspects of diabetes management
- 1.
If a person has a fasting plasma glucose of 6.8mmol/L and a two-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 11.6mmol/L, should this person be suspected of having diabetes?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
- C.
Cannot decide
Correct Answer
A. YesExplanation
A fasting plasma glucose level of 6.8mmol/L and a two-hour postprandial plasma glucose level of 11.6mmol/L indicate elevated blood sugar levels. According to the diagnostic criteria, a fasting plasma glucose level of 7.0mmol/L or higher and a two-hour postprandial plasma glucose level of 11.1mmol/L or higher are indicative of diabetes. Therefore, based on the given values, this person should be suspected of having diabetes.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A woman has a fasting plasma glucose of 5.9mmol/L and a two-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 7.6mmol/L. Are these values normal?
- A.
No.
- B.
Yes, according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines
- C.
Yes, according to the World Health Organisation guidelines
Correct Answer
C. Yes, according to the World Health Organisation guidelinesExplanation
According to the World Health Organisation guidelines, a fasting plasma glucose level between 6.1 and 6.9mmol/L is considered impaired fasting glucose, and a two-hour postprandial plasma glucose level between 7.8 and 11.0mmol/L is considered impaired glucose tolerance. Since the woman's values are below these thresholds, they are considered normal according to the World Health Organisation guidelines.Rate this question:
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- 3.
If a person has a random plasma glucose of 8mmol/L, is it normal?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
- C.
Not possible to tell
Correct Answer
C. Not possible to tellExplanation
The question does not provide any reference range or criteria to determine whether a plasma glucose level of 8mmol/L is normal or not. Without additional information, it is not possible to determine if the value falls within the normal range or if it indicates any abnormality.Rate this question:
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- 4.
There are a range of glucose values called "impaired glucose tolerance". What is the significance to a person who has impaired glucose tolerance?
- A.
The person has an increased risk of developing diabetes
- B.
The person has an increased cardiovascular risk
- C.
Both the above
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Both the aboveExplanation
A person with impaired glucose tolerance has an increased risk of developing diabetes because their blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. This condition indicates that the person's body is not effectively using insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, which can lead to the development of diabetes over time. Additionally, impaired glucose tolerance is also associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and other cardiovascular complications. Therefore, both diabetes and cardiovascular risk are significant concerns for a person with impaired glucose tolerance.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Can the onset of new diabetes be prevented or delayed?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
A. YesExplanation
The onset of new diabetes can be prevented or delayed through various lifestyle modifications and interventions. These may include maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, adopting a balanced and nutritious diet, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress levels effectively. Additionally, individuals at high risk for developing diabetes can benefit from participating in diabetes prevention programs that focus on education, behavior change, and support. By implementing these measures, the progression towards diabetes can be slowed down or even prevented altogether.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Are there any laboratory tests to distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
Correct Answer
A. YesExplanation
Yes, there are laboratory tests available to distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. These tests include measuring the levels of insulin and C-peptide in the blood. In Type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production, so the levels of insulin and C-peptide are usually low. On the other hand, in Type 2 diabetes, there may be normal or high levels of insulin initially, but over time, insulin resistance develops. These tests can help healthcare providers determine the type of diabetes a person has and guide appropriate treatment decisions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which statement below is CORRECT regarding initiation of long term insulin therapy in diabetes?
- A.
Patients with Type 1 diabetes should be initiated on basal insulin alone
- B.
Patients with Type 1 diabetes should be initiated on prandial insulin alone
- C.
Patients with Type 2 diabetes should be initiated on basal insulin alone
- D.
Patients with Type 2 diabetes should be initiated on prandial insulin alone
Correct Answer
C. Patients with Type 2 diabetes should be initiated on basal insulin aloneExplanation
Patients with Type 2 diabetes should be initiated on basal insulin alone because basal insulin provides a steady release of insulin throughout the day and helps control fasting blood glucose levels. Prandial insulin, on the other hand, is used to control post-meal blood glucose spikes. Since patients with Type 2 diabetes typically have insulin resistance and may still produce some insulin on their own, initiating them on basal insulin alone is a more appropriate approach. Prandial insulin may be added later if needed to further control blood glucose levels.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which statement below is TRUE with regard to these two insulin preparations:1. Insulatard Insulin (NpH insulin)2. Mixtard insulin (a pre-mixed combination of short acting and long acting insulin)
- A.
Insulatard insulin and Mixtard insulin can be given at bedtime without the need for a bedtime snack
- B.
Mixtard insulin can be given at bedtime without the need for a bedtime snack
- C.
Insulatard insulin can be given at bedtime without the need for a bedtime snack
Correct Answer
C. Insulatard insulin can be given at bedtime without the need for a bedtime snackExplanation
Insulatard insulin is a long-acting insulin that provides a steady release of insulin over a longer period of time. It does not cause a rapid drop in blood sugar levels, making it safe to be taken at bedtime without the need for a bedtime snack. On the other hand, Mixtard insulin is a combination of short-acting and long-acting insulin. The short-acting component of Mixtard insulin may cause a rapid drop in blood sugar levels, making it important to have a bedtime snack to prevent hypoglycemia. Therefore, the statement that is true is "Insulatard insulin can be given at bedtime without the need for a bedtime snack."Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the statements below is true when initiating insulin in a Type 2 diabetic who is already on Metformin and Glibenclamide?
- A.
Both the oral drugs must be stopped
- B.
Metformin must be stopped or the dose reduced
- C.
Glibenclamide must be stopped or the dose reduced
Correct Answer
C. Glibenclamide must be stopped or the dose reducedExplanation
When initiating insulin in a Type 2 diabetic who is already on Metformin and Glibenclamide, Glibenclamide must be stopped or the dose reduced. This is because Glibenclamide belongs to a class of medications called sulfonylureas, which stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. When insulin therapy is initiated, there is a risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) if both Glibenclamide and insulin are taken together. Therefore, it is necessary to either stop Glibenclamide or reduce its dose to prevent hypoglycemia.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A patient with diabetes on Metformin and Glibenclamide is scheduled for a coronary angiogram. His diabetic control is good. Which of the statements below is TRUE?
- A.
Both the drugs must be stopped before the procedure and blood sugar must be controlled with insulin
- B.
Metformin must be stopped before the procedure
- C.
Glibenclamide must be stopped before the procedure
- D.
No changes need to be made. He can undergo the procedure.
Correct Answer
B. Metformin must be stopped before the procedureExplanation
Metformin must be stopped before the procedure because it can potentially cause a rare but serious condition called lactic acidosis, especially in patients with kidney problems. This condition can be exacerbated by the contrast dye used during the angiogram. Therefore, it is safer to discontinue Metformin temporarily and control blood sugar levels with other methods, such as insulin, during the procedure. Glibenclamide, on the other hand, does not pose the same risk and can be continued.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which statement below regarding the use of intravenous insulin for treating diabetic ketoacidosis is TRUE?
- A.
Insulin should be given IV until the blood sugar is normal
- B.
Insulin should be given IV until the acidotic state is controlled
- C.
Insulin should be given IV until the patient is well hydrated
Correct Answer
B. Insulin should be given IV until the acidotic state is controlledExplanation
The correct answer is "Insulin should be given IV until the acidotic state is controlled." Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by high blood sugar levels and the presence of ketones in the blood. Insulin is used to lower blood sugar levels and correct the acidotic state. Once the acidotic state is controlled, insulin therapy can be adjusted accordingly. Normalizing blood sugar levels and ensuring proper hydration are important aspects of treatment, but the primary goal is to control the acidotic state.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the best method of controlling blood sugar in a diabetic who cannot take orally?
- A.
Fixed dose insulin according to body weight given subcutaneously
- B.
Insulin given subcutaneously according to a sliding scale
- C.
Insulin given intravenously along with dextrose and potassium
Correct Answer
C. Insulin given intravenously along with dextrose and potassiumExplanation
The best method of controlling blood sugar in a diabetic who cannot take orally is by giving insulin intravenously along with dextrose and potassium. Intravenous administration allows for precise control and immediate effect on blood sugar levels. Dextrose is given to prevent hypoglycemia, as insulin can lower blood sugar too much. Potassium is given to maintain electrolyte balance and prevent imbalances caused by insulin therapy. This method ensures that the diabetic patient receives the necessary insulin and glucose to regulate their blood sugar levels effectively.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Is this statement true or false?The glycosylated hemoglobin value is a useful parameter when making decisions regarding the need for insulin in a Type 2 diabetic.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the glycosylated hemoglobin value, also known as HbA1c, is a measure of a person's average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. It is commonly used to assess the effectiveness of diabetes management and to make decisions about treatment options, including the need for insulin therapy. A higher HbA1c value indicates poorer blood sugar control and may indicate the need for additional interventions, such as insulin, to achieve target blood sugar levels.Rate this question:
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Aug 22, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Dec 08, 2010Quiz Created by
MedTutor
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