1.
The nurse has to give the pt HumologR. The nurse understands the medication when the nurse states the peak time is:
Correct Answer
B. 2-4 hr
Explanation
The correct answer is 2-4 hr. This is because HumologR is a rapid-acting insulin medication that starts working within 15 minutes after injection. Its peak time, when it reaches its maximum effectiveness, is typically between 2-4 hours. Therefore, the nurse needs to administer the medication at a time that allows it to reach its peak effect when needed.
2.
Nick was given Novolog insulin. The nurse knows that his breakfast should be available to Nick how many minutes after taking his meds?
Correct Answer
A. Immediately to 2.5 hrs
Explanation
The nurse knows that Nick's breakfast should be available to him immediately to 2.5 hours after taking his Novolog insulin. This is because Novolog insulin is a rapid-acting insulin that starts working quickly to lower blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is important for Nick to have access to his breakfast within this time frame to prevent a drop in blood sugar levels and ensure proper management of his diabetes.
3.
HumologR has been given to Melisa at 13:30. When would Melisa need her snack or lunch?
Correct Answer
C. 15:30
Explanation
Since HumologR is a type of insulin, it is used to regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Insulin is typically administered before meals to help the body process the glucose from the food. Given that Melisa was given HumologR at 13:30, it can be inferred that she would need her snack or lunch approximately one hour later, which would be 14:30. Therefore, the correct answer is 15:30.
4.
Which type of insulin cannot be manually mixed in a syringe?
Correct Answer
E. Lantus
Explanation
Lantus is a type of long-acting insulin that cannot be manually mixed in a syringe. Unlike other types of insulin, Lantus is a clear solution and should not be mixed with any other insulin or solution. Mixing Lantus with any other insulin can alter its effectiveness and may lead to incorrect dosing. It is important to use a separate syringe for Lantus and administer it as directed by a healthcare professional.
5.
Mickey's insulin gives her the lowest CBG 5 hrs after injection. Which insulin is Mickey taking?
Correct Answer
D. Lantus
Explanation
Mickey is taking Lantus insulin because it gives her the lowest CBG (Continuous Blood Glucose) 5 hours after injection. This indicates that Lantus has a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to the other options.
6.
After giving insulin, what is the most critical observation that needs to be made?
Correct Answer
D. Hypoglycemia
Explanation
After giving insulin, the most critical observation that needs to be made is for hypoglycemia. Insulin is a medication used to lower blood sugar levels, and if too much insulin is administered or the dosage is not properly adjusted, it can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to confusion, dizziness, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Therefore, closely monitoring for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia is crucial to ensure prompt intervention and prevent any serious complications.
7.
NpH insulin has been prescribed to the pt. The nurse understands NpH when the nurse states:
Correct Answer(s)
B. NpH peaks at 4-12 hrs
C. NpH is a mixture of rapid and slow acting
Explanation
NPH insulin is a type of intermediate-acting insulin. It is characterized by its peak effect occurring between 4 to 12 hours after administration. This means that it takes some time for the insulin to start working and its effects are most pronounced during this time period. NPH is also known as a mixture of rapid and slow-acting insulin because it contains both short-acting and long-acting components. This combination allows for a more gradual and sustained release of insulin, providing a longer duration of action compared to rapid-acting insulin alone.
8.
Humolog begins to take affect:
Correct Answer
A. 15 min
Explanation
Humalog is a rapid-acting insulin medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It typically starts to take effect within 15 minutes after administration. This means that after 15 minutes, the medication begins to lower blood sugar levels and its effects can be observed. It is important to note that the exact time of onset may vary slightly from person to person.
9.
The nurse understand NpH when the nurse says NpH ends:
Correct Answer
B. 18-24 hrs after injection
Explanation
The correct answer is 18-24 hrs after injection. This answer suggests that NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin has a duration of action of 18-24 hours after it is injected. This means that its effects on lowering blood sugar levels typically last for this duration before it starts to wear off. It is important for nurses to understand the timing of NPH insulin's action in order to properly manage a patient's blood sugar levels and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
10.
The nurse understands Novolog when the nurse states the end time is:
Correct Answer
B. 3-6.5 hrs
Explanation
Novolog is a rapid-acting insulin medication used to control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. It starts working within 15 minutes after injection and reaches its peak effect in about 1-3 hours. The duration of Novolog is typically around 3-6.5 hours, meaning that it remains active in the body for this period of time before its effects wear off. This information is important for the nurse to know in order to properly time the administration of Novolog and monitor the patient's blood sugar levels accordingly.
11.
The nurse understands NovologR and when it ends by stating it ends:
Correct Answer
C. 5-7 hrs
Explanation
NovologR is a rapid-acting insulin medication used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. The nurse understands that NovologR typically takes around 5-7 hours to fully metabolize and leave the body. This means that its effects on lowering blood sugar levels will last for this duration before wearing off. It is important for the nurse to be aware of this information in order to properly monitor and manage a patient's blood sugar levels and insulin dosages.
12.
The nurse understands NpH and how quickly it starts when the nurse states:
Correct Answer
C. 1-2 hrs
Explanation
The nurse demonstrates understanding of NPH and its onset time by stating that it starts within 1-2 hours. This indicates that the nurse knows that NPH insulin takes longer to start working compared to other types of insulin, which typically have a faster onset of action.
13.
Cynthia is getting NovologR. The nurse knows that Cynthia needs more education when she states:
Correct Answer
C. I need to eat a large meal before taking my insulin
Explanation
This statement indicates a lack of understanding about how NovologR works. NovologR is a fast-acting insulin that is typically taken before meals to help control blood sugar levels. It is not necessary to eat a large meal before taking NovologR. Instead, it is important to match the insulin dose with the amount of carbohydrates consumed in the meal.
14.
Ted is taking NpH insulin. The nurse knows Ted understands his medication when he states:
Correct Answer(s)
B. It can start working 1-2 hours after injection.
C. Peak action is 4-12 hours
D. It stays in the system 18-24 hrs.
Explanation
The correct answer is a combination of statements 2, 3, and 4. NPH insulin typically starts working 1-2 hours after injection, reaches its peak action within 4-12 hours, and stays in the system for 18-24 hours. Statement 1 is incorrect as NPH insulin does not start working in 10-30 minutes.
15.
Linda is taking Lantus. She understands her medication when she states:
Correct Answer(s)
A. It can start in 1.1 hr.
C. It ends in 24 hrs
D. It cannot be mixed with other insulins in the same syringe.
Explanation
The correct answer is that Linda understands her medication when she states that Lantus can start in 1.1 hr, it ends in 24 hrs, and it cannot be mixed with other insulins in the same syringe. This shows that Linda is aware of the onset and duration of action of Lantus, as well as the proper administration technique. Mixing Lantus with other insulins in the same syringe can alter its effectiveness, so it is important to administer it separately.
16.
Keith has just been diagnosed with diabetes. His diabetes is an autoimmune disorder. He has lost 15 lbs in two weeks and has polyuria. His BP was 75/45 on admission. What type of diabetes does Keith have?
Correct Answer
A. Diabetes I
Explanation
Keith's symptoms of rapid weight loss, polyuria, and low blood pressure on admission are indicative of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leads to a lack of insulin production, causing high blood sugar levels and symptoms such as weight loss and excessive urination. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is characterized by insulin resistance and is often associated with obesity and lifestyle factors. Therefore, based on Keith's symptoms and the autoimmune nature of his diabetes, he is more likely to have type 1 diabetes.
17.
Pat is a 45 year old female presenting with 83/60 BP, and elivated BUN and a GLU of 879. She reports that she is not on a diet but has been losing weight rapidly and has fatigue. What type of diabetes does she have?
Correct Answer
C. LADA
Explanation
LADA is a subgroup of Diabetes I that have a slow, progressive form of type 1 diabetes.
18.
NIDDM acounts for 90% of diabetics. What are some thing that a NIDDM diabetic could do to help their disease?
Correct Answer(s)
B. Reduce body fat by 5%
C. Maintain excellent skin health
D. Rub lotion in their feet, but no in between their toes.
19.
Which type of diabetes is more common in children?
Correct Answer
B. Diabetes II
Explanation
for the first time in the history of humans, type 2 diabetes is now more common than type 1 diabetes in childhood.
20.
Ben comes into the ED with blurred vision. He has polyuria and complains of pain in his legs. Labs show that he has elevated insulin levels and high triglyceride levels. Ben also complains of always being thirsty. What type of Diabetes does Ben have?
Correct Answer
B. Diabetes II
Explanation
Based on the symptoms and lab results described, Ben most likely has Type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which can lead to elevated insulin levels. The presence of polyuria, blurred vision, leg pain, and constant thirst are also common symptoms of Type II diabetes. Additionally, high triglyceride levels are often associated with this type of diabetes.
21.
Mary has a skin infection that wont go away. Her BP is 135/90. She has dark amber urine. She also reports that she has reoccurring vaginal infections. Her GLU comes back at 135. What type of diabetes does she have?
Correct Answer
D. Pre Diabetes
Explanation
Based on the given information, Mary has a skin infection that won't go away, high blood pressure, dark amber urine, and recurring vaginal infections. Her glucose level is 135. These symptoms suggest that Mary may have pre-diabetes, which is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. It is important for Mary to monitor her blood sugar levels and make lifestyle changes to prevent the progression to type 2 diabetes.
22.
Lucy has just given birth. She had gestational diabetes and did not have to take insulin. She is very concerned that will now have to take insulin for the rest of her life. What does a nurse say to educate Lucy about her condition?
Correct Answer(s)
B. 25-50% of women will eventually develop type 2 diabetes.
C. Losing the baby fat will help.
Explanation
The nurse educates Lucy that 25-50% of women who had gestational diabetes will eventually develop type 2 diabetes. This means that there is a possibility that Lucy may develop type 2 diabetes in the future. The nurse also advises Lucy that losing the baby fat will help in managing her condition. This suggests that maintaining a healthy weight after giving birth can help prevent or manage diabetes.
23.
Nicole is a chronic alcoholic. She drinks a bottle of wine every night and hard liquor on the weekends. She has been fatigued and has blurry vision. The doctor tells her she now has diabetes II. She doesn't understand how she could have diabetes as it does not run in her family. What education would the nurse give to the patient?
Correct Answer
A. Explain that the alcohol caused her diabetes.
Explanation
The nurse would explain to Nicole that her alcohol consumption has caused her diabetes. Alcohol can lead to the development of diabetes by causing insulin resistance, which means that the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin. This can result in high blood sugar levels and eventually lead to the development of diabetes. It is important for Nicole to understand the connection between her alcohol consumption and her diabetes in order to make necessary lifestyle changes and manage her condition effectively.
24.
Gladus is in for her physical. She is a 54 year old woman with a lot of energy. She is mildly overweight. Her BP is 130/85. As part of her physical, the doctor discovers her GLU is 350. He orders a fasting plasma glucose and her levels come back 130 the first day and 275 the second day. What does this indicate?
Correct Answer
B. Diabetes II
Explanation
The patient's glucose levels are consistently elevated, indicating that she has diabetes. Diabetes II is the most likely diagnosis since the patient is mildly overweight and in her 50s, which are common risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes I is less likely since it typically presents at a younger age and is associated with more severe symptoms. LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) is also less likely since there is no mention of autoimmune factors in the patient's history.
25.
Nathan's AIC comes back at 9%. The nurse understands this value by stating to the pt:
Correct Answer
C. Your diabetes needs further intervention.
Explanation
Based on the given information, a 9% A1C level indicates that the patient's diabetes is not under control. An A1C level of 9% is considered high and suggests that the patient's blood sugar levels have not been well managed. Therefore, the nurse concludes that the patient's diabetes needs further intervention in order to improve their condition.
26.
Tony has to check his BG 5 days a week before breakfast and periodically at other times. He notices a rise of BG when he is sick. What type of diabetic is Tony?
Correct Answer(s)
B. Diabetes II
D. Non Insulin Dependent
Explanation
Tony is most likely a Type II diabetic because he checks his blood glucose levels periodically and not just before breakfast. Additionally, he notices a rise in his blood glucose levels when he is sick, which is a common characteristic of Type II diabetes. The fact that he is non-insulin dependent also supports the idea that he has Type II diabetes, as this type of diabetes typically does not require insulin for management.
27.
Ana is a long distance runner with diabetes. She understands her need for testing when she states:
Correct Answer(s)
A. I should test before and after exercise
D. If I feel like my BG is low, I should test
Explanation
• Before meals (AC), 2 hr pc, at bed time ( HS)
28.
Insulin is measure in:
Correct Answer
C. Units
Explanation
Insulin is measured in units because it is a hormone that is used to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. The dosage of insulin needed varies from person to person and is determined based on factors such as weight, diet, and activity level. Units are a standard measurement used in the medical field to accurately administer medications, including insulin, to ensure proper dosing and effectiveness.
29.
Hypoglycemia is related to :
Correct Answer(s)
B. Increased insulin and reduced glucose
C. May occur when very high blood glucose falls too rapidly
D. Failure to eat
Explanation
Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar levels. The correct answer options explain the factors related to hypoglycemia. "Increased insulin and reduced glucose" suggests that an excess of insulin in the body can cause a decrease in blood glucose levels. "May occur when very high blood glucose falls too rapidly" indicates that a sudden drop in blood sugar levels can lead to hypoglycemia, especially in individuals with previously high blood sugar levels. "Failure to eat" implies that not consuming enough food can also contribute to low blood sugar levels.
30.
Which is most dangerous?
Correct Answer
A. Hypoglycemia
Explanation
Hypoglycemia is the condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, which can be extremely dangerous. When blood sugar levels drop too low, it can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. If left untreated, severe hypoglycemia can even be life-threatening. On the other hand, hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, which is a characteristic of diabetes. While hyperglycemia can have long-term complications, it is generally not considered as immediately dangerous as hypoglycemia.
31.
Manifestations of hypoglycemia would entail:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Anxiety
C. Tachycardia
D. Confusion
Explanation
Manifestations of hypoglycemia can include anxiety, tachycardia, and confusion. Anxiety can arise due to the body's response to low blood sugar levels, causing feelings of unease and restlessness. Tachycardia, or a rapid heart rate, can occur as the body tries to compensate for the low blood sugar by increasing cardiac output. Confusion may also be present as the brain is deprived of its primary energy source, glucose, leading to cognitive impairment. These symptoms collectively indicate the presence of hypoglycemia.
32.
Lupe is in the ED. She has anorexia, abdominal pain, acetone breath, polyuria and is confused. She has ketones present in her urine. She is pre diabetic with a glu of 650. What is Lupe's problem?
Correct Answer
C. Diabetic Ketacidosis
Explanation
Lupe's symptoms, such as anorexia, abdominal pain, acetone breath, polyuria, confusion, and the presence of ketones in her urine, along with her high glucose level of 650, indicate that she is experiencing Diabetic Ketacidosis (DKA). DKA is a serious complication of diabetes, usually seen in type 1 diabetics, where the body does not have enough insulin to break down glucose for energy, causing it to use fat instead. This leads to the production of ketones, which can build up in the blood and urine, causing acidosis and potentially life-threatening complications.
33.
Bill is in the ED presenting with a BP of 60/45 and is responsive to painful stimuli. His Na is 180 and BUN is 65. His wife states he is a type 2 diabetic but has been sticking to his diet. His insulin lab came back low. What is wrong with Bill?
Correct Answer
A. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketoitic Syndrome
Explanation
Bill is presenting with symptoms of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketoitic Syndrome (HHNS). This is indicated by his high blood glucose levels (as evidenced by his high Na and BUN levels), low insulin lab results, and his history of being a type 2 diabetic. HHNS is a serious condition that occurs in individuals with type 2 diabetes and is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, dehydration, and altered mental status. It is important to note that HHNS is different from Diabetic Ketacidosis (DKA), which is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes.
34.
What risk factors increase diabetic foot problems?
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sensory neuropathy
B. PVD
C. Smoking
Explanation
Sensory neuropathy, PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease), and smoking are risk factors that increase diabetic foot problems. Sensory neuropathy refers to nerve damage that reduces or eliminates the ability to feel pain or discomfort in the feet, making it difficult to detect injuries or infections. PVD affects blood circulation in the lower extremities, leading to poor wound healing and increased risk of infections. Smoking damages blood vessels and reduces blood flow, further exacerbating the effects of PVD. These risk factors collectively contribute to the development of foot ulcers, infections, and other complications in individuals with diabetes.
35.
Can an infection cause a rise in GLU?
Correct Answer
A. Yes
Explanation
Infections can cause a rise in GLU levels due to the body's immune response. When the body is fighting an infection, it releases certain chemicals called cytokines, which can interfere with the normal regulation of glucose in the body. This can lead to an increase in blood sugar levels. Additionally, infections can also cause stress on the body, which can trigger the release of stress hormones like cortisol, further contributing to elevated GLU levels. Therefore, it is possible for an infection to cause a rise in GLU.
36.
Neuropathy occurs only in type 2 diabetics?
Correct Answer
B. No
Explanation
Neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves and can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics. It is caused by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period of time, which can damage the nerves. Therefore, neuropathy is not exclusive to type 2 diabetics and can also occur in individuals with type 1 diabetes.