Disorder And Therapies Review Quiz
Take the following review quiz over Ch. 14 & 15 on Disorders and Treatment. Remember to put your name on the first page or send me a copy of your score.
- 1.
Bob has never met Madonna but he is convinced that she is deeply in love with him. Bob is suffering from
- A.
Grandiose delusions.
- B.
Jealous delusions.
- C.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
- D.
Erotomanic delusions.
Correct Answer
A. Grandiose delusions.Explanation
Bob's belief that Madonna is deeply in love with him despite never having met her is a clear indication of grandiose delusions. Grandiose delusions are characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a belief in one's exceptional abilities, power, or fame. In this case, Bob's conviction that a famous celebrity like Madonna is in love with him demonstrates a grandiose delusion. This belief is not based on reality and is a symptom of a psychological disorder.Rate this question:
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- 2.
If you met an individual who appeared to be very charming at first, but later you discovered that he or she manipulated people, caused others hurt without a second thought, and could not be depended upon, you might suspect him of being
- A.
Dependent.
- B.
Narcissistic.
- C.
Paranoid.
- D.
Antisocial.
Correct Answer
D. Antisocial.Explanation
The behavior described in the question, such as manipulating people, causing harm without remorse, and being unreliable, is characteristic of someone who is antisocial. Antisocial individuals often have a disregard for the rights and feelings of others, and they may engage in manipulative or harmful behavior for their own benefit. This behavior is different from being dependent, narcissistic, or paranoid, as those traits do not necessarily involve intentionally causing harm or manipulating others.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder often begins
- A.
as a result of combat exhaustion.
- B.
In adulthood as a response to unremitting phobias.
- C.
As a consequence of post-traumatic stress disorders.
- D.
In childhood as a result of unbearable experiences.
Correct Answer
D. In childhood as a result of unbearable experiences.Explanation
The correct answer is in childhood as a result of unbearable experiences. Multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder typically develops in childhood as a coping mechanism in response to traumatic experiences that are too overwhelming for a child to handle. These experiences may include physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or other forms of severe emotional trauma. The disorder allows the individual to dissociate from their painful memories and create separate identities or personalities to deal with the trauma.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A person who has an extreme lack of self-confidence and who allows others to run his or her life is said to have a(n) __________ personality.
- A.
dependent
- B.
Narcissistic
- C.
Paranoid
- D.
Antisocial
Correct Answer
A. dependentExplanation
A person who lacks self-confidence and allows others to control their life is said to have a dependent personality. This person relies heavily on others for decision-making and often seeks reassurance and approval from others. They may have difficulty making decisions or taking initiative on their own, and may fear being alone or abandoned.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Persons who suffer from paraphilias are categorized as having
- A.
somatoform disorders.
- B.
Generalized anxiety.
- C.
Sexual disorders.
- D.
Personality disorders.
Correct Answer
C. Sexual disorders.Explanation
Paraphilias refer to a group of sexual disorders characterized by recurrent, intense sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving non-human objects, suffering or humiliation, or non-consenting individuals. These individuals have unconventional sexual interests that may cause distress or impairment in their daily lives. Therefore, the correct answer is sexual disorders.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following is related to recent attempts to find biochemical explanations for schizophrenia?
- A.
schizotaxin
- B.
Psychotropin
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Diazepam
Correct Answer
C. DopamineExplanation
The correct answer is dopamine. Recent attempts to find biochemical explanations for schizophrenia have focused on the role of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in various brain functions, including reward, motivation, and movement. It is believed that an imbalance in dopamine levels or dysfunction in dopamine receptors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. This has led to the development of antipsychotic medications that target dopamine receptors to help manage symptoms of the disorder.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A rare condition in which separate personalities exist in the same person is called
- A.
Dissociative identity disorder.
- B.
Split personality.
- C.
Schizophrenia.
- D.
Amnesia.
Correct Answer
A. Dissociative identity disorder.Explanation
Dissociative identity disorder is a rare condition in which an individual has multiple distinct identities or personalities that control their behavior and thoughts. These different personalities may have their own memories, preferences, and behaviors. Split personality is a colloquial term that is often used to describe this condition, but the correct medical term is dissociative identity disorder. Schizophrenia is a different mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Amnesia refers to a loss of memory.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Persons who are excessively narcissistic, dependent, or antisocial are characterized as having
- A.
Somatoform disorders.
- B.
Generalized anxiety.
- C.
Conversion reactions.
- D.
Personality disorders.
Correct Answer
D. Personality disorders.Explanation
Persons who are excessively narcissistic, dependent, or antisocial are characterized as having personality disorders. Personality disorders are a type of mental disorder characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture. These disorders affect how individuals perceive themselves, how they relate to others, and how they function in various aspects of life. Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others, lack of empathy, and a tendency towards manipulative and exploitative behavior.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Mood disorders are those in which the person may
- A.
experience severe depression and threaten suicide.
- B.
Exhibit symptoms suggesting physical disease or injury but for which there is no identifiable cause.
- C.
Exhibit behavior that is the result of an organic brain pathology.
- D.
Experience delusions and hallucinations.
Correct Answer
A. experience severe depression and threaten suicide.Explanation
This answer is correct because mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder, can cause individuals to experience severe depression and have thoughts of suicide. These disorders can significantly impact a person's mood, emotions, and overall well-being, leading to feelings of hopelessness and despair. In severe cases, individuals may even contemplate or attempt suicide as a result of their depressive symptoms. Therefore, experiencing severe depression and threatening suicide is a characteristic of mood disorders.Rate this question:
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- 10.
DSM stands for
- A.
Diagnostic schedule of medicine.
- B.
Diagnostic and statistical manual.
- C.
Depressive scale modalities.
- D.
Doctor of surgical medicine.
Correct Answer
B. Diagnostic and statistical manual.Explanation
DSM stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. It is a widely used classification system for mental disorders. The DSM provides criteria for diagnosing different mental disorders and is used by healthcare professionals to guide treatment and research. The other options do not accurately represent the acronym DSM.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Conversion disorder and hypochondriasis are classified as
- A.
physio-mental disorders.
- B.
Somatoform disorders.
- C.
Psychosomatic disorders.
- D.
Somatization disorders.
Correct Answer
B. Somatoform disorders.Explanation
Conversion disorder and hypochondriasis are classified as somatoform disorders. Somatoform disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition. Conversion disorder involves the presence of physical symptoms or deficits that suggest a neurological or other general medical condition, but are not fully explained by a medical condition. Hypochondriasis, on the other hand, involves excessive worry about having a serious illness despite having little or no medical evidence to support the belief. Both disorders involve physical symptoms that are influenced by psychological factors, hence they are classified as somatoform disorders.Rate this question:
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- 12.
An unusual state called "waxy flexibility" is sometimes observed in __________ schizophrenia.
- A.
borderline
- B.
Disorganized
- C.
Catatonic
- D.
Paranoid
Correct Answer
C. CatatonicExplanation
"Waxy flexibility" is a symptom commonly associated with catatonic schizophrenia. This symptom involves the person exhibiting a rigid posture that can be manipulated by others, almost like a wax figure. It is characterized by a lack of response to external stimuli and a decrease in voluntary movement. Borderline, disorganized, and paranoid schizophrenia do not typically exhibit this specific symptom.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Roger has been extremely anxious for much of the past year, but can't explain why. There is a good chance that he is experiencing
- A.
a generalized anxiety disorder.
- B.
Sociopathy.
- C.
Psychosis.
- D.
A nervous breakdown.
Correct Answer
A. a generalized anxiety disorder.Explanation
Roger's prolonged anxiety without a clear explanation suggests that he may be experiencing a generalized anxiety disorder. This disorder is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific trigger. It can cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. The other options, sociopathy, psychosis, and a nervous breakdown, do not align with the given information and are not supported by the symptoms described.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Irrational and very specific fears that persist even when there is no real danger to a person are called
- A.
anxieties.
- B.
Dissociation's.
- C.
Phobias.
- D.
Obsessions.
Correct Answer
C. pHobias.Explanation
Phobias are irrational and specific fears that persist even when there is no real danger to a person. Unlike anxieties, which are general worries or concerns, phobias are focused on specific objects, situations, or activities. Dissociation's refers to a mental state where a person disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, and memories. Obsessions are intrusive thoughts or urges that cause distress and are often accompanied by compulsions. Therefore, the correct answer is phobias.Rate this question:
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- 15.
False beliefs that are held even when the facts contradict them are called
- A.
fantasies.
- B.
hallucinations.
- C.
Illusions.
- D.
Delusions
Correct Answer
C. Illusions.Explanation
False beliefs that are held even when the facts contradict them are called illusions. Illusions are perceptions or interpretations of sensory information that are not in line with reality. They can occur in various forms, such as optical illusions or cognitive illusions. Hallucinations, on the other hand, are false perceptions that occur without any external stimuli, while delusions are fixed false beliefs that are not based on reality. Fantasies, although they involve imagining or daydreaming, do not necessarily involve holding false beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Mary believes that she is the Queen of England. She is having
- A.
Depressive delusions.
- B.
Delusions of grandeur.
- C.
Delusions of reference.
- D.
Delusions of persecution.
Correct Answer
B. Delusions of grandeur.Explanation
Mary's belief that she is the Queen of England is indicative of delusions of grandeur. Delusions of grandeur are characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a belief in possessing extraordinary abilities or being in a position of great power or authority. In this case, Mary's belief that she is the Queen of England is a clear example of an inflated sense of self-worth and a delusion that goes beyond what is considered normal or rational.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The most widely used system of psychological classification today is
- A.
The Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS).
- B.
Found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
- C.
The system designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler.
- D.
To be found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP).
Correct Answer
B. Found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).Explanation
The correct answer is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). This manual is widely used in the field of psychology for the classification and diagnosis of mental disorders. It provides criteria and guidelines for identifying and categorizing different psychological conditions. The Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS) and the system designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler are also important in the history of psychology, but the DSM-IV is currently the most widely used system for psychological classification.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Carson recently lost his job and has a great debt accumulated from gambling. He also has been feeling extreme pressure about not being able to take care of his eight children. After having too much to drink, Carson ran over a child crossing the street. Immediately following this episode, Carson could not remember who he was. This example illustrates
- A.
Dissociative amnesia.
- B.
Dissociative fugue.
- C.
Dissociative identity disorder.
- D.
Multiple personality disorder.
Correct Answer
A. Dissociative amnesia.Explanation
The given scenario describes dissociative amnesia. Carson's extreme stress and trauma caused him to forget his identity and the events leading up to the accident. Dissociative amnesia is a dissociative disorder characterized by the inability to recall important personal information, usually triggered by a traumatic or stressful event. Dissociative fugue involves sudden travel or wandering away from home, while dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) involves the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A person who experiences a long series of imagined physical complaints suffers from
- A.
a conversion reaction.
- B.
Somatization disorder.
- C.
A traumatic disorder.
- D.
An obsession.
Correct Answer
B. Somatization disorder.Explanation
A person who experiences a long series of imagined physical complaints suffers from somatization disorder. This disorder is characterized by the presence of multiple physical symptoms that cannot be explained by any underlying medical condition. These symptoms often cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. The individual may excessively worry about their health and seek medical attention frequently, despite no medical explanation for their symptoms. This pattern of somatic complaints is not due to malingering or factitious disorder.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When Sara returned from combat in the Gulf War, she began experiencing high anxiety that has persisted without any improvement. This example illustrates which anxiety related disorder?
- A.
Panic
- B.
Post-traumatic stress
- C.
Phobia
- D.
Obsessive-compulsive
Correct Answer
B. Post-traumatic stressExplanation
The given scenario describes Sara's persistent high anxiety after returning from combat in the Gulf War. This is a common symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is an anxiety-related disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. PTSD often involves intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, and avoidance behaviors related to the traumatic event. Therefore, the correct answer is post-traumatic stress.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A researcher seeking an organic basis for schizophrenia would be well-advised to investigate the role of
- A.
Amphetamines and amphetamine receptors.
- B.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline.
- C.
Histamine and antihistamine.
- D.
Dopamine and dopamine receptors.
Correct Answer
D. Dopamine and dopamine receptors.Explanation
A researcher seeking an organic basis for schizophrenia would be well-advised to investigate the role of dopamine and dopamine receptors. This is because there is evidence to suggest that abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission are associated with the development of schizophrenia. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various brain functions, including motivation, reward, and emotional regulation. Dysregulation of dopamine signaling, particularly in the mesolimbic pathway, has been implicated in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions. Therefore, studying the role of dopamine and its receptors could provide valuable insights into the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.Rate this question:
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- 22.
__________ schizophrenia usually involves delusions of persecution and grandeur.
- A.
Catatonic
- B.
Disorganized
- C.
Paranoid
- D.
Undifferentiated
Correct Answer
C. ParanoidExplanation
Paranoid schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by delusions of persecution and grandeur. Individuals with paranoid schizophrenia often believe that others are plotting against them or trying to harm them. They may also have delusions of grandeur, believing that they have special powers or abilities. This subtype of schizophrenia is marked by a high level of suspicion and mistrust towards others.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is classified as a mood disorder?
- A.
bipolar disorder
- B.
Multiple personality disorder
- C.
Delusional disorder
- D.
Dissociative disorder
Correct Answer
A. bipolar disorderExplanation
Bipolar disorder is classified as a mood disorder because it is characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and activity levels. People with bipolar disorder experience periods of mania, where they feel euphoric, have excessive energy, and engage in impulsive behavior, as well as periods of depression, where they feel sad, hopeless, and have low energy. These mood swings can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and quality of life.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following is a dissociative disorder?
- A.
Depression
- B.
Phobic disorder
- C.
Multiple personality
- D.
Paranoia
Correct Answer
C. Multiple personalityExplanation
Multiple personality disorder, also known as dissociative identity disorder, is a dissociative disorder. Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions in a person's memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of the environment. In multiple personality disorder, an individual experiences the presence of two or more distinct personality states, each with its own way of perceiving, relating to, and interacting with the world. This disorder is often a result of severe trauma or abuse in childhood.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The antisocial personality
- A.
Avoids other people as much as possible.
- B.
Is relatively easy to treat effectively by psychotherapy.
- C.
Tends to be selfish and lacking remorse.
- D.
Usually gives a bad first impression.
Correct Answer
C. Tends to be selfish and lacking remorse.Explanation
The correct answer is "tends to be selfish and lacking remorse." This is because individuals with an antisocial personality tend to prioritize their own needs and desires above others, often disregarding the feelings and well-being of others. They also typically lack remorse or guilt for their actions, which can contribute to their antisocial behavior.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The distinction between obsessions and compulsions is the distinction between
- A.
Engaging in behaviors that are merely inconvenient and those that are severely disruptive.
- B.
Having positive and negative feelings toward an object or event.
- C.
Thoughts that are evidence of neurosis or those that are evidence of psychosis.
- D.
Having repetitious thoughts or engaging in repetitious actions.
Correct Answer
D. Having repetitious thoughts or engaging in repetitious actions.Explanation
The correct answer is having repetitious thoughts or engaging in repetitious actions. This distinction refers to the symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), where obsessions are intrusive and repetitive thoughts, urges, or images, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel driven to perform. This explanation highlights the key characteristic of OCD, which is the presence of repetitive thoughts or actions.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Hearing voices that are not really there would be called a(n)
- A.
Hallucination.
- B.
Delusion.
- C.
Auditory regression.
- D.
Depressive psychosis.
Correct Answer
A. Hallucination.Explanation
The term "hallucination" refers to the perception of something that is not actually present. In this case, hearing voices that are not really there is an example of an auditory hallucination. A delusion, on the other hand, is a fixed false belief that is not based in reality. Auditory regression and depressive psychosis are not appropriate terms to describe hearing voices that are not really there.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Obsessive-compulsive behavior, panic, and phobias are formally classified as __________ disorders.
- A.
psychotic
- B.
Manic
- C.
Anxiety
- D.
mood
Correct Answer
C. AnxietyExplanation
Obsessive-compulsive behavior, panic, and phobias are all symptoms of anxiety disorders. These disorders are characterized by excessive and irrational fear, worry, and unease. Psychotic disorders involve a loss of touch with reality, while manic disorders are characterized by periods of elevated mood and energy. Mood disorders involve disturbances in a person's emotional state. Therefore, anxiety is the correct classification for these behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 29.
A person who mistrusts others and is hypersensitive and guarded may be classified as a(n) __________ personality
- A.
Dependent
- B.
Antisocial
- C.
Narcissistic
- D.
Paranoid
Correct Answer
D. ParanoidExplanation
A person who mistrusts others and is hypersensitive and guarded may be classified as a paranoid personality. This individual may constantly suspect others of having malicious intentions and may be overly cautious in their interactions with others. They may also be hypersensitive to criticism or perceived slights and may have difficulty forming close relationships due to their mistrust.Rate this question:
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- 30.
A person who is preoccupied with fears of having a serious disease suffers from
- A.
a conversion reaction.
- B.
Hypochondriasis.
- C.
A traumatic disorder.
- D.
An obsession.
Correct Answer
B. Hypochondriasis.Explanation
A person who is preoccupied with fears of having a serious disease suffers from hypochondriasis. Hypochondriasis is a psychological disorder characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a medical condition, despite having no or only mild symptoms. People with hypochondriasis often misinterpret normal bodily sensations as signs of a serious illness and may seek constant reassurance from medical professionals. This condition can significantly impact a person's daily life and cause distress and anxiety.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of a stimulus are called
- A.
Illusions.
- B.
Hallucinations.
- C.
Delusions.
- D.
Affect episodes.
Correct Answer
B. Hallucinations.Explanation
Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of a stimulus are called hallucinations. Hallucinations are perceptions that are not based on actual external stimuli and can occur in any of the five senses. They can be visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile in nature. Illusions, on the other hand, are misinterpretations of actual stimuli, while delusions are false beliefs that are not based on reality. Affect episodes refer to changes in mood or emotional states.Rate this question:
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- 32.
In general, schizophrenia is characterized by
- A.
rapid and unpredictable changes in emotion.
- B.
Delusions of persecution and somatic complaints.
- C.
Blunted or inappropriate emotions and withdrawal.
- D.
High levels of anxiety coupled with a lack of conscience.
Correct Answer
B. Delusions of persecution and somatic complaints.Explanation
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by various symptoms, including delusions of persecution and somatic complaints. Delusions of persecution refer to the false belief that one is being targeted, harmed, or conspired against by others. Somatic complaints involve physical symptoms that have no apparent medical cause, such as pain, discomfort, or sensations in the body. These symptoms are common in individuals with schizophrenia and are considered key features of the disorder. The other options, rapid and unpredictable changes in emotion, blunted or inappropriate emotions and withdrawal, and high levels of anxiety coupled with a lack of conscience, may be associated with other mental health conditions but are not specific to schizophrenia.Rate this question:
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- 33.
One who is quite concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine might be classified as a(n) __________ personality.
- A.
Histrionic
- B.
Obsessive-compulsive
- C.
Schizoid
- D.
Defense mechanisms; obsessions
Correct Answer
B. Obsessive-compulsiveExplanation
An individual who is concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine exhibits traits of an obsessive-compulsive personality. This type of personality is characterized by a need for control and organization, often to the point of excessive and rigid behavior. They may have a strong desire for perfection and may be preoccupied with details and rules. This personality type is often associated with traits such as being meticulous, organized, and focused on following routines.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Irrational acts a person feels driven to repeat are called __________. They help control anxiety caused by __________.
- A.
Obsessions; compulsions
- B.
Compulsions; obsessions
- C.
Compulsions; defense mechanisms
- D.
Defense mechanisms; obsessions
Correct Answer
B. Compulsions; obsessionsExplanation
Compulsions are irrational acts that a person feels driven to repeat. They help control anxiety caused by obsessions, which are unwanted and intrusive thoughts or urges.Rate this question:
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- 35.
When sadness and despondency are exaggerated or prolonged and an extremely negative self-image prevails, we would suspect a(n)
- A.
Dissociative reaction.
- B.
Mood disorder.
- C.
Somatoform disorder.
- D.
Anxiety disorder.
Correct Answer
B. Mood disorder.Explanation
When sadness and despondency are exaggerated or prolonged and an extremely negative self-image prevails, it is indicative of a mood disorder. Mood disorders are characterized by significant changes in mood that affect a person's daily life and functioning. This includes symptoms such as persistent sadness, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and a negative outlook on life. These symptoms are consistent with the description provided in the question, making mood disorder the most likely explanation.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Julie can't stop thinking about germs and dirt. She spends all day cleaning her house. She is suffering from
- A.
Phobic disorder.
- B.
Paranoia.
- C.
Delusional disorder.
- D.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Correct Answer
D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder.Explanation
The given scenario describes Julie's excessive preoccupation with germs and dirt, leading her to spend all day cleaning her house. This behavior is indicative of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is characterized by recurring, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared outcome. Julie's constant thoughts about germs and her compulsive cleaning are consistent with the symptoms of OCD. Phobic disorder involves an irrational fear of a specific object or situation, paranoia involves unfounded suspicions and mistrust, and delusional disorder involves fixed false beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following personality disorders describes a person who has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and who needs constant admiration?
- A.
Dependent
- B.
Histrionic
- C.
Narcissistic
- D.
Schizoid
Correct Answer
C. NarcissisticExplanation
A person with narcissistic personality disorder has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration. They have a grandiose view of themselves and believe they are superior to others. They often seek attention and praise from others and have a strong sense of entitlement. They may disregard the feelings and needs of others and have difficulty forming genuine relationships.Rate this question:
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- 38.
A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is
- A.
culturally absolute.
- B.
Learned.
- C.
Maladaptive.
- D.
Dependent on age.
Correct Answer
C. Maladaptive.Explanation
Abnormal behavior is characterized by being maladaptive, meaning that it hinders an individual's ability to function effectively in their daily life. It refers to behaviors that are not socially acceptable or appropriate, and may cause distress or harm to oneself or others. This distinguishes abnormal behavior from culturally absolute or learned behaviors, which can vary across different cultures and societies. Age dependency may also play a role in abnormal behavior, but it is not a defining characteristic of it.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Failure of hospital staff to detect fake patients in David Rosenhan's studies can be attributed to the
- A.
Acting ability of the pseudo-patients.
- B.
Generally low quality of training of hospital staff members.
- C.
Effects of labeling and context.
- D.
Fact that pseudo-patients were so heavily drugged.
Correct Answer
C. Effects of labeling and context.Explanation
The failure of hospital staff to detect fake patients in David Rosenhan's studies can be attributed to the effects of labeling and context. This means that when the pseudo-patients were labeled as mentally ill and admitted into the hospital, the staff automatically assumed their behaviors and experiences were a result of their supposed mental illness. This labeling and the context of being in a psychiatric hospital influenced the staff's perception and interpretation of the pseudo-patients' actions, making it difficult for them to recognize that they were not actually mentally ill.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Freud's theory was based on the belief that neuroses were caused by
- A.
Repressed memories, motives, and conflicts.
- B.
learned maladaptive behaviors.
- C.
Negative self-regard.
- D.
Destructive interpersonal relationships.
Correct Answer
A. Repressed memories, motives, and conflicts.Explanation
Freud's theory proposed that neuroses, or psychological disorders, were caused by repressed memories, motives, and conflicts. According to Freud, these unconscious thoughts and emotions were pushed down into the unconscious mind, where they continued to exert influence on a person's behavior and mental health. This theory emphasized the importance of exploring and resolving these repressed memories and conflicts in order to alleviate symptoms of neuroses.Rate this question:
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- 41.
In an institution for delinquent adolescents, a behavioral system has been implemented in which the adolescents earn points for target behaviors like getting up on time, making beds, attending class, etc. They are allowed to exchange their earned points for privileges, activities, etc. This system is called __________ and is based on __________.
- A.
systematic desensitization; gradual exposure.
- B.
Time out; extinction.
- C.
A token economy; reinforcement.
- D.
Primary reinforcement; non-reward
Correct Answer
C. A token economy; reinforcement.Explanation
The correct answer is a token economy; reinforcement. In a token economy system, individuals are rewarded with tokens for exhibiting desired behaviors. These tokens can then be exchanged for privileges or rewards. This system is based on the principles of reinforcement, as the tokens serve as a form of positive reinforcement to encourage and maintain the target behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Freud considered the distinction between manifest content and latent content essential for
- A.
free association.
- B.
Dream analysis.
- C.
Resistance.
- D.
Transference.
Correct Answer
B. Dream analysis.Explanation
Freud believed that dreams have both a manifest content, which is the surface-level storyline of the dream, and a latent content, which is the hidden meaning and symbolism behind the dream. He argued that by analyzing the latent content of dreams, one could gain insight into the unconscious mind and uncover repressed thoughts and desires. Therefore, the distinction between manifest and latent content is crucial for dream analysis, making it the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 43.
In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships is called
- A.
Resistance.
- B.
transference.
- C.
Identification.
- D.
Empathy.
Correct Answer
B. transference.Explanation
Transference in psychoanalysis refers to the emotional attachment that a patient develops towards their therapist, which is believed to symbolically represent other significant relationships in their life. This concept suggests that the patient may project their feelings, desires, and conflicts onto the therapist, as if they were someone else from their past or present. Transference is an important aspect of therapy as it allows the therapist to gain insight into the patient's unconscious thoughts and experiences, ultimately aiding in the therapeutic process.Rate this question:
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- 44.
A form of therapy that encourages one to become aware of emotions in the "here and now" and to rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes is
- A.
existential therapy.
- B.
Gestalt therapy.
- C.
Transactional analysis.
- D.
Non-directive therapy.
Correct Answer
B. Gestalt therapy.Explanation
Gestalt therapy is a form of therapy that focuses on the present moment and encourages individuals to become aware of their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It aims to help individuals integrate their fragmented experiences and reconnect with their authentic selves. This therapy emphasizes the importance of taking responsibility for one's own choices and actions, and it encourages individuals to explore their unresolved conflicts and unfinished business in order to achieve personal growth and self-awareness.Rate this question:
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- 45.
__________ is any technique involving surgical alteration of the brain.
- A.
Ablation lesioning
- B.
Psychosurgery
- C.
Deep ECT
- D.
Psychic surgery
Correct Answer
B. PsychosurgeryExplanation
Psychosurgery refers to any technique involving surgical alteration of the brain. It is a procedure performed to treat mental disorders by removing or destroying brain tissue. Ablation lesioning is a technique that involves selectively destroying brain tissue to alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders. Deep ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy) is a non-surgical procedure that uses electrical currents to induce seizures in the brain. Psychic surgery, on the other hand, is a fraudulent practice that claims to remove tumors or other diseases from the body using supernatural or psychic powers.Rate this question:
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- 46.
In rational-emotive therapy,
- A.
Clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their own choices.
- B.
Clients learn to challenge irrational beliefs.
- C.
The therapist seeks to have the client discover rational insights on his or her own.
- D.
Irrational elements of the unconscious are made to conform to reality.
Correct Answer
B. Clients learn to challenge irrational beliefs.Explanation
In rational-emotive therapy, clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their own choices, but this answer focuses specifically on clients learning to challenge irrational beliefs. This suggests that the therapy involves helping clients recognize and question their irrational beliefs, which can lead to more rational thinking and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Trepanning, one of the more primitive practices involving boring a hole into the skull, was used to
- A.
Release "evil spirits."
- B.
Shock patients into a remission of symptoms.
- C.
Coerce and control disruptive patients.
- D.
Punish those who had committed crimes.
Correct Answer
A. Release "evil spirits."Explanation
Trepanning, a primitive practice, involved boring a hole into the skull. This procedure was believed to release "evil spirits" that were thought to be causing illness or mental disturbances. It was a common belief in ancient times that evil spirits could possess a person and cause harm, so trepanning was performed as a means to remove these spirits and restore health.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Psychoanalysis, desensitization, reality therapy, behavior therapy, and client-centered therapy are all forms of
- A.
Somatotherapy.
- B.
Psychic therapy.
- C.
Group therapy.
- D.
Psychotherapy.
Correct Answer
D. Psychotherapy.Explanation
Psychoanalysis, desensitization, reality therapy, behavior therapy, and client-centered therapy are all different approaches used in the field of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy refers to the treatment of mental and emotional disorders through psychological techniques, such as talking therapy. These various forms of therapy aim to help individuals understand and address their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in order to improve their overall well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is psychotherapy.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following is identified with client-centered therapy?
- A.
Providing advice, setting goals, and giving interpretations
- B.
Dream analysis, transference, and analysis of resistance
- C.
unconditional positive regard, empathy, authenticity, and reflection
- D.
Goal-setting, desensitization, modeling, and recentering
Correct Answer
C. unconditional positive regard, empathy, authenticity, and reflectionExplanation
Client-centered therapy is a therapeutic approach developed by Carl Rogers. It emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment for the client. Unconditional positive regard refers to the therapist's acceptance and support of the client without any conditions or judgment. Empathy involves the therapist understanding and sharing the client's feelings and experiences. Authenticity refers to the therapist's genuineness and transparency in the therapeutic relationship. Reflection involves the therapist paraphrasing and summarizing the client's thoughts and feelings to promote self-understanding. These principles are central to client-centered therapy and differentiate it from other therapeutic approaches.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Freud called his form of psychotherapy
- A.
hysteria therapy.
- B.
Somatotherapy.
- C.
Psychoanalysis.
- D.
Transference therapy.
Correct Answer
C. Psychoanalysis.Explanation
Freud referred to his form of psychotherapy as psychoanalysis. This term refers to the method of therapy that Freud developed, which involves exploring the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior and psychological problems. Psychoanalysis aims to bring repressed thoughts and emotions to the conscious level, allowing individuals to gain insight into their unconscious conflicts and work through them. Therefore, psychoanalysis is the appropriate term to describe Freud's approach to therapy.Rate this question:
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Sep 09, 2024Quiz Edited by
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May 03, 2010Quiz Created by
Kender
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