Emea Hernia Test SEC 1-3 Level2
Welcome. This exam contains 18 questions. You must receive an 80% to pass. You have 20 minutes to complete this test. You have unlimited amount of chances to take the test to receive a passing score. If you do not wish to take the exam now, exit out of the current page and return when you are ready. When you have finished answering a question, click the NEXT button to proceed to the next question. If you do not answer a question, it will be scored as incorrect. If you are ready, click START now. Good luck!
- 1.
In humans, anterior and ventral are:
- A.
Situated at the back
- B.
Situated at the front
- C.
Situated on the side
- D.
Situated on the top
Correct Answer
B. Situated at the frontExplanation
The correct answer is "Situated at the front." In humans, the terms "anterior" and "ventral" are used to describe positions or structures that are located towards the front of the body. "Anterior" refers to the front or forward-facing side, while "ventral" refers to the belly or abdominal side. These terms are commonly used in anatomy and physiology to describe the relative positions of organs, tissues, and body structures.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The two rectus abdominus muscles are joined by the _______ _______, a white vertical tendon-like line of connective tissue that is formed by the union of fibers from muscles and extends down the midline of the abdomen.
- A.
Human fascia
- B.
Scar tissue
- C.
Linea alba
- D.
Linea semilunaris
Correct Answer
C. Linea albaExplanation
The correct answer is Linea alba. The linea alba is a white vertical tendon-like line of connective tissue that joins the two rectus abdominus muscles. It is formed by the union of fibers from muscles and extends down the midline of the abdomen.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A thin, transparent, and sinewy sheet of fibrous connective tissue that joins muscles to other tissues describes:
- A.
Aponeurosis
- B.
Fascia
- C.
Rectus sheath
- D.
Peritoneum
Correct Answer
A. AponeurosisExplanation
Aponeurosis is a correct answer because it refers to a thin, transparent, and sinewy sheet of fibrous connective tissue that joins muscles to other tissues. It is a strong and flat tendon-like structure that helps distribute the force of muscle contractions and provides stability to the body. Aponeurosis is commonly found in areas such as the abdomen, back, and scalp, where it helps to connect and support muscles.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The small intestine is made up of the cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It’s made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileumRate this question:
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- 5.
The hernia sac is a sac-like structure that contains organs or tissues of the abdominal wall hernia. The hernia sac is formed by the:
- A.
Hernia
- B.
Peritoneum
- C.
Extraperitoneal fascia
- D.
Subcutaneous fascia
Correct Answer
B. PeritoneumExplanation
The peritoneum is a thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it. In the case of a hernia, where organs or tissues protrude through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, the peritoneum forms a sac-like structure to contain these organs or tissues. This helps to prevent further damage and allows for easier surgical repair of the hernia.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The three types of congenital ventral hernia are:
- A.
Incisional, umbilical, and traumatic
- B.
Omphalocele, gastroschisis, and umbilical
- C.
Incisional , gastoschisi, and umbilical
- D.
Umbilical, omphalocele, and traumatic
Correct Answer
B. OmpHalocele, gastroschisis, and umbilicalExplanation
The correct answer is Omphalocele, gastroschisis, and umbilical. These are the three types of congenital ventral hernia. Omphalocele refers to a herniation of abdominal viscera through the umbilical ring, while gastroschisis is a defect in the abdominal wall that allows the abdominal contents to protrude outside the body. Umbilical hernia occurs when the intestines or fatty tissue protrude through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the belly button.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Ventral incisional hernias develop at the site of _____ to _____ of laparotomy incisions.
- A.
1-10%
- B.
2-15%
- C.
3-20%
- D.
4-20%
Correct Answer
D. 4-20%Explanation
Ventral incisional hernias develop at the site of laparotomy incisions. The correct answer is 4-20% because this range represents the percentage of ventral incisional hernias that occur at the site of laparotomy incisions. This suggests that a significant number of patients who undergo laparotomy procedures are at risk of developing ventral incisional hernias.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Traumatic ventral hernias include:
- A.
Penetrating
- B.
Parastomal
- C.
Blunt force
- D.
Destructive
- E.
A, C & D
- F.
All of the Above
Correct Answer
E. A, C & DExplanation
The correct answer is A, C & D. Traumatic ventral hernias can occur due to penetrating injuries, blunt force trauma, and destructive forces. Penetrating injuries refer to wounds that penetrate the abdominal wall, such as stab wounds. Blunt force trauma refers to a strong impact or force applied to the abdomen, causing herniation. Destructive forces include injuries that cause damage to the abdominal wall, such as crush injuries or explosions. Therefore, all of the options A, C, and D are correct for traumatic ventral hernias.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A ___________ hernia occurs when the blood supply to and from an incarcerated hernia is completely cut off leading to total compression of the trapped tissue.
- A.
Incarcerated
- B.
Strangulated
- C.
Recurrent
- D.
Reducible
Correct Answer
B. StrangulatedExplanation
A strangulated hernia occurs when the blood supply to and from a hernia is completely cut off, resulting in the compression of the trapped tissue. This can lead to serious complications and requires immediate medical attention.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Ventral hernia repair is accomplished using which of the following? Check all that apply.
- A.
Primary closure
- B.
Secondary closure
- C.
Delayed closure
- D.
Repair using prosthesis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Primary closure
D. Repair using prosthesisExplanation
Ventral hernia repair can be accomplished using primary closure, which involves suturing the edges of the hernia defect together. Repair using a prosthesis is also an option, where a synthetic mesh or biological material is used to reinforce the weakened abdominal wall. Secondary closure refers to the closure of a wound after it has been allowed to heal by secondary intention, and delayed closure involves leaving the wound open to heal on its own before closing it.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Burger et al did a 10 year follow up to the Luijendijk et al paper and published the following results for patients with small incisional hernias:
- A.
62% suture repair, 12% mesh repair
- B.
65% suture repair, 15% mesh repair
- C.
67% suture repair, 17% mesh repair
- D.
69% suture repair, 19% mesh repair
Correct Answer
C. 67% suture repair, 17% mesh repairExplanation
The given answer states that the results for patients with small incisional hernias after a 10 year follow up by Burger et al showed that 67% of patients underwent suture repair and 17% underwent mesh repair. This suggests that the majority of patients with small incisional hernias opted for suture repair rather than mesh repair, with a smaller percentage choosing mesh repair.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Component separation involves releasing the:
- A.
Skin and fascia
- B.
Rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis
- C.
Linea alba and fascia
- D.
Lateral abdominal wall muscles and fascia
Correct Answer
D. Lateral abdominal wall muscles and fasciaExplanation
Component separation is a surgical technique used to repair large abdominal wall defects, such as hernias. It involves releasing and mobilizing the lateral abdominal wall muscles, such as the external oblique and internal oblique muscles, along with the overlying fascia. This allows for the creation of tension-free closure and reconstruction of the abdominal wall. By separating the lateral abdominal wall muscles and fascia, the surgeon can effectively repair the defect and restore the integrity of the abdominal wall.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Luijendijk concluded that mesh repair was superior to suture repair with regard to recurrence regardless of the ________ of the hernia.
- A.
Size
- B.
Infection
- C.
Location
- D.
Treatment
Correct Answer
A. SizeExplanation
Luijendijk's conclusion suggests that regardless of the size of the hernia, mesh repair is better than suture repair in terms of recurrence. This means that using a mesh to repair the hernia is more effective in preventing the hernia from recurring compared to using sutures. The size of the hernia does not affect the superiority of mesh repair over suture repair in terms of recurrence.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Why are microfilament meshes at a higher risk for infection?
- A.
Because red blood cells are unable to pass through the small openings
- B.
Because white blood cells are unable to pass through the small openings
- C.
Because scar tissue blocks the opening of the mesh
- D.
A & B
Correct Answer
B. Because white blood cells are unable to pass through the small openingsExplanation
Microfilament meshes are at a higher risk for infection because white blood cells, which play a crucial role in fighting off infections, are unable to pass through the small openings in the mesh. This hinders the body's immune response and increases the likelihood of infection.Rate this question:
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- 15.
One of the reasons shrinkage may occur with a synthetic mesh is due to:
- A.
The scar tissue that forms around the mesh contracts
- B.
The pliability of the mesh
- C.
The high tensile strength of the mesh
- D.
The large pores of the mesh
Correct Answer
A. The scar tissue that forms around the mesh contractsExplanation
When a synthetic mesh is implanted in the body, scar tissue forms around it as a natural healing response. Over time, this scar tissue can contract, causing the mesh to shrink. This shrinkage can lead to complications and may require additional medical intervention. Therefore, the contraction of scar tissue around the mesh is one of the reasons why shrinkage may occur.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Wounds tend to be susceptible to infection during the inflammatory phase of healing, when bacterial contamination cause infection, especially in the presence of:
- A.
Foreign material
- B.
Scar tissue
- C.
Large hernias
- D.
Macrophages
Correct Answer
A. Foreign materialExplanation
During the inflammatory phase of wound healing, the body's immune response is activated to fight off any potential infections. Foreign material present in the wound can act as a breeding ground for bacteria, increasing the risk of infection. This is because bacteria can easily adhere to foreign objects and multiply, causing harm to the healing process. Therefore, the presence of foreign material in a wound makes it more susceptible to infection during the inflammatory phase.Rate this question:
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- 17.
An abnormal passageway that forms between organs, cavaties and/or skin is:
- A.
Adhesions
- B.
Mesh shrinkage
- C.
Fistula formation
- D.
Seroma formation
Correct Answer
C. Fistula formationExplanation
A fistula is an abnormal passageway that develops between two organs, cavities, or the skin. It can be caused by various factors such as infection, inflammation, trauma, or surgical procedures. Fistulas can occur in different parts of the body, including the digestive tract, urinary system, or reproductive organs. They can lead to the leakage of fluids or waste material between the connected structures, causing symptoms such as pain, infection, or abnormal discharge. Treatment for fistulas may involve surgical repair or the use of medical interventions to close the abnormal passageway.Rate this question:
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Mar 18, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 11, 2013Quiz Created by
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