Endocrine Disorders Stokke N180
Select the MOST correct answer unless the question specifies to check all that apply.
- 1.
Hypopituitarism is a disorder of the _____________.
- A.
Pituitary gland
- B.
Anterior pituitary gland
- C.
Posterior pituitary gland
Correct Answer
B. Anterior pituitary glandExplanation
Hypopituitarism is a disorder that affects the anterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing and releasing several hormones that regulate various bodily functions. When the anterior pituitary gland is not functioning properly, it can lead to a deficiency in one or more hormones, resulting in hypopituitarism. This disorder can cause a range of symptoms depending on which hormones are affected, such as fatigue, weight loss or gain, low blood pressure, and sexual dysfunction.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Panhypopituitarism is a deificiency in _______________.
- A.
PTH
- B.
TSH and ACTH
- C.
All hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland
Correct Answer
C. All hormones released from the anterior pituitary glandExplanation
Panhypopituitarism is a condition characterized by the deficiency of all hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland. This means that the individual with panhypopituitarism will have low levels of hormones such as PTH (parathyroid hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), and ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). This deficiency can lead to various symptoms and complications related to the affected hormones, such as thyroid dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, and impaired calcium regulation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Deficiencies in which two horomones produced by the anterior pituitary gland are considered MOST critical?
- A.
ACTH and TSH
- B.
GH and PRL
- C.
None - there are no two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that are more important than the rest
Correct Answer
A. ACTH and TSHExplanation
Deficiencies in ACTH and TSH hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland are considered most critical because they play crucial roles in regulating the function of other endocrine glands. ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands, which is essential for maintaining stress response, metabolism, and immune function. TSH stimulates the production of thyroid hormones, which are vital for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Deficiencies in these hormones can lead to significant health problems and imbalances in the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Pituitary infarction most often occurs _______________.
- A.
As a result of malnutrition.
- B.
As a result of radiation treatment.
- C.
As a result of hemorrhaging in the postpartum phase.
Correct Answer
C. As a result of hemorrhaging in the postpartum pHase.Explanation
Pituitary infarction most often occurs as a result of hemorrhaging in the postpartum phase. This is because during childbirth, there is a risk of excessive bleeding, which can lead to a decrease in blood supply to the pituitary gland. This reduced blood flow can cause tissue death and ultimately result in pituitary infarction. Malnutrition and radiation treatment are not commonly associated with pituitary infarction.Rate this question:
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- 5.
All of the following could result in hypopituitarism EXCEPT:
- A.
Tumors of the pituitary gland
- B.
Malnutrition
- C.
Radiation treatment
- D.
Trauma that causes intercranial pressure
- E.
Pituitary infarction
- F.
None of the above
Correct Answer
F. None of the aboveExplanation
Hypopituitarism is a condition characterized by the underproduction or deficiency of hormones produced by the pituitary gland. Tumors of the pituitary gland, malnutrition, radiation treatment, trauma that causes intracranial pressure, and pituitary infarction are all known causes of hypopituitarism. Therefore, the correct answer, "None of the above," is incorrect as all the options listed can result in hypopituitarism.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Assessments concerning HYPOPITUITARISM can differ because of all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Age
- B.
Gender
- C.
Weight
- D.
Hormone involved
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. WeightExplanation
Assessments concerning HYPOPITUITARISM can differ based on age, gender, and the specific hormone involved. However, weight is not a factor that affects the assessments of HYPOPITUITARISM. Therefore, weight is the exception in this case.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following findings in an assessment can be a result of age as well as hormone imbalance?
- A.
Disturbances in peripheral vision
- B.
Disturbances in vision acuity
- C.
Rheumatoid arthritis
- D.
Both A and B
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. Both A and BExplanation
Disturbances in peripheral vision and disturbances in vision acuity can both be caused by age-related changes in the eyes as well as hormone imbalances. As individuals age, their vision can deteriorate due to natural changes in the eye structure and function. Additionally, hormone imbalances can also affect vision by causing dryness, blurry vision, or changes in the shape of the eye. Therefore, both A and B can be findings in an assessment that are influenced by both age and hormone imbalances.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A hormone stimulation test is used to determine _______________.
- A.
The body's reserve of the hormone
- B.
The length of time it takes for the body to respond to the hormone
- C.
The effectiveness of hormone therapy
Correct Answer
A. The body's reserve of the hormoneExplanation
A hormone stimulation test is used to determine the body's reserve of the hormone. This test involves administering a hormone and measuring the body's response to it. By doing so, healthcare professionals can assess the body's ability to produce and store the hormone. This information is valuable in diagnosing hormonal disorders and determining the appropriate course of treatment.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Gonadotropin deficiency in males can cause all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
- A.
Loss of follicle stimulation
- B.
Testicular failure
- C.
Delayed onset of puberty
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Loss of follicle stimulationExplanation
Gonadotropin deficiency in males can cause testicular failure and delayed onset of puberty. However, since males do not have follicles, they cannot experience a loss of follicle stimulation. Therefore, loss of follicle stimulation is not a symptom of gonadotropin deficiency in males.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Gonadotropin deficiency in females can cause all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
- A.
Loss of ovulation
- B.
Delayed onset of puberty
- C.
Amenorrhea
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
Gonadotropin deficiency in females can cause loss of ovulation, delayed onset of puberty, and amenorrhea. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the above."Rate this question:
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- 11.
When assessing gonadotropin deficiency in adults, the nurse might find all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Breast atrophy
- B.
Increased libido
- C.
Increased subcutaneous fat
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Increased libidoExplanation
The nurse might find all of the following when assessing gonadotropin deficiency in adults except increased libido. Gonadotropin deficiency can lead to decreased libido, as gonadotropins are responsible for stimulating the production of sex hormones. Therefore, a decrease in gonadotropins can result in a decrease in libido. The other options, including breast atrophy and increased subcutaneous fat, can be potential findings in individuals with gonadotropin deficiency.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A 6 month old patient is brought to the doctor's office for his wellbaby check-up. When he was born, his height and weight were in the 70%, at 3 months his height and weight were in the 50%, and his height and weight during this visit show him in the 40%, what would the nurse expect the diagnosis to be?
- A.
TH deficiency
- B.
GnRH deficiency
- C.
GH deficiency
- D.
Diabetes
Correct Answer
C. GH deficiencyExplanation
Based on the information provided, the patient's height and weight have been consistently decreasing over time. This pattern suggests a growth hormone (GH) deficiency, as GH is responsible for promoting growth and development. Therefore, the nurse would expect the diagnosis to be GH deficiency.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Before beginning treatment for a child with the disorder described in question 12, what is the most important physiological development to check for?
- A.
Proportionate height and weight
- B.
Bone strength and density
- C.
Closure of the epiphyseal plates
- D.
Needle phobia
Correct Answer
C. Closure of the epipHyseal platesExplanation
The most important physiological development to check for before beginning treatment for a child with the described disorder is the closure of the epiphyseal plates. The closure of these plates indicates the end of bone growth and determines the final height of an individual. It is crucial to assess if the plates have closed before initiating treatment as it can affect the effectiveness and safety of certain interventions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following are causes of HYPERpituitarism?
- A.
Pituitary tumor secreting one or more hormones
- B.
Hypothalamus dysfunction
- C.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. All of the aboveExplanation
HYPERpituitarism refers to the excessive secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland. A pituitary tumor that secretes one or more hormones can lead to HYPERpituitarism as it disrupts the normal hormone balance. Additionally, dysfunction of the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland, can also cause excessive hormone production by the pituitary gland. Therefore, both a pituitary tumor and hypothalamus dysfunction can be causes of HYPERpituitarism.Rate this question:
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- 15.
All of the following are signs and symptoms of hyperpituitarism EXCEPT:
- A.
Headaches
- B.
Nausea and vomiting
- C.
Acromegaly
- D.
Hat, ring, and glove size changes
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Nausea and vomitingExplanation
Hyperpituitarism is a condition characterized by excessive secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland. Common signs and symptoms include headaches, acromegaly (enlargement of hands, feet, and facial features), and changes in hat, ring, and glove size. Nausea and vomiting are not typically associated with hyperpituitarism.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Diabetes Insipidus can be caused by _________________.
- A.
A deficiency of ADH synthesis
- B.
Damage to the anterior pituitary gland
- C.
Kidney hyper-sensitivity to ADH (an over-response)
Correct Answer
A. A deficiency of ADH synthesisExplanation
Diabetes Insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and frequent urination. It occurs due to a deficiency in the synthesis of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin, which is responsible for regulating the body's water balance. When there is a lack of ADH synthesis, the kidneys are unable to properly reabsorb water, leading to the production of large volumes of dilute urine. This can be caused by various factors, such as damage to the posterior pituitary gland, where ADH is produced, or genetic disorders that affect ADH synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The general "rule of thumb" for I&Os (though doctor may order different) is if urine output is _________________, then report it.
- A.
>100 ml/hr or >250 ml/2hrs
- B.
>250 ml/hr or >400 ml/2hrs
- C.
>200 ml/hr or >500 ml/2hrs
Correct Answer
C. >200 ml/hr or >500 ml/2hrsExplanation
The general "rule of thumb" for I&Os is to report urine output if it is greater than 200 ml/hr or greater than 500 ml/2hrs. This means that if a patient is producing urine at a rate higher than these thresholds, it may indicate a potential issue or imbalance that needs to be addressed. It is important to note that individual patient circumstances and specific doctor's orders may vary, so it is always best to follow the instructions given by the healthcare provider.Rate this question:
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- 18.
All of the following can cause SIADH EXCEPT:
- A.
Low ADH production
- B.
Negative feedback mechanism malfunction
- C.
Malignant tumor in pancreas
- D.
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Correct Answer
A. Low ADH productionExplanation
Low ADH production is not a cause of SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion). SIADH is characterized by excessive production and release of ADH, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. The other options, including negative feedback mechanism malfunction, malignant tumor in the pancreas, and Hodgkin's lymphoma, can all cause SIADH by increasing ADH production or impairing its regulation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Normal urine osmolarity is ___________.
- A.
400 - 1100
- B.
200-1300
- C.
300-1200
Correct Answer
C. 300-1200Explanation
The normal urine osmolarity is the concentration of solutes in urine, which is typically measured in milliosmoles per kilogram (mOsm/kg). The range of 300-1200 mOsm/kg is considered normal for urine osmolarity. This range allows for variations in fluid intake and output, as well as the body's ability to concentrate or dilute urine as needed.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Normal urine specific gravity is ________________.
- A.
1.15 - 1.25
- B.
1.015 - 1.025
- C.
1. 0015 - 1.0025
Correct Answer
B. 1.015 - 1.025Explanation
Normal urine specific gravity is typically between 1.015 and 1.025. Specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in urine and provides information about the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. A specific gravity below this range may indicate dilute urine, while a specific gravity above this range may indicate concentrated urine. It is important to note that specific gravity can vary depending on factors such as hydration status and certain medical conditions.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Normal serum osmalirity is __________.
- A.
260 - 275
- B.
270 - 285
- C.
280 - 295
Correct Answer
C. 280 - 295 -
- 22.
A patient with a tumor in the hypothalamus comes in complaining of frequent urination, constant thirst, and dizziness when she sits up to get out of bed. Lab work shows a specific gravity of 1.001, urine osmolality of 75, sodium levels of 100, and other electrolytes are low, too. Which of the following would the nurse expect the patient to be diagnosed with?
- A.
Diabetes mellitus type I
- B.
SIADH
- C.
Diabetes insipidu
- D.
Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer
C. Diabetes insipiduExplanation
The patient's symptoms of frequent urination, constant thirst, and low specific gravity and urine osmolality indicate a condition called diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water, leading to excessive urination and extreme thirst. The low sodium levels and other electrolyte imbalances further support this diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus type I is characterized by high blood sugar levels, which is not indicated in this case. SIADH is a condition where the body retains too much water, leading to low sodium levels, which is the opposite of what is seen in this patient. Hypothyroidism does not present with these specific symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Normal sodium levels are ___________.
- A.
136 - 145
- B.
120 - 136
- C.
145 - 156
Correct Answer
A. 136 - 145Explanation
Normal sodium levels in the body typically range from 136 to 145 units. This range is considered to be within the normal range for sodium levels.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Normal potassium levels are __________.
- A.
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
- B.
3.0 - 6.0 mEq/L
- C.
3.9 - 5.5 mEq/L
Correct Answer
A. 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/LExplanation
Normal potassium levels in the body typically range from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. This range is considered to be within the normal physiological limits for potassium concentration in the blood. Any values below or above this range may indicate an imbalance in potassium levels, which can have various implications for health and can be indicative of underlying medical conditions.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Normal calcium levels are ___________.
- A.
5.0 - 9.5 mg/dL
- B.
11.0 - 12.5 mg/dL
- C.
9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL
Correct Answer
C. 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dLExplanation
Normal calcium levels in the body typically range from 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Normal chloride levels are ____________.
- A.
9.8 - 10.6 mEq/L
- B.
98 - 106 mEq/L
- C.
0.98 - 1.06 mEq/L
Correct Answer
B. 98 - 106 mEq/LExplanation
The normal chloride levels in the body are typically between 98 - 106 mEq/L. This range is considered to be within the normal physiological limits for chloride concentration in the blood. Any levels below or above this range may indicate an imbalance or abnormality in the body's electrolyte levels.Rate this question:
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- 27.
As serum volume decreases, osmolarity decreases.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
As serum volume decreases, osmolarity does not necessarily decrease. Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution, and it is determined by the number of solute particles present, not the volume of the solution. Therefore, even if the volume of serum decreases, the concentration of solutes may remain the same or even increase, leading to no change or an increase in osmolarity. Hence, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 28.
When increasing fluids, oral intake (if tolerated) is best.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Increasing fluids through oral intake is considered the best method because it is the most natural and effective way for the body to absorb and utilize fluids. When fluids are taken orally, they are easily and quickly absorbed by the body, helping to hydrate and maintain the body's fluid balance. Additionally, oral intake allows for better control and monitoring of fluid intake, as well as the ability to adjust the amount and type of fluids consumed based on individual needs and preferences.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms for SIADH? Check all that apply.
- A.
Headache
- B.
Increased BP
- C.
I>O
- D.
Nausea and vomiting
- E.
Weight gain
- F.
Polyuria
- G.
Lung crackles
Correct Answer(s)
A. Headache
B. Increased BP
C. I>O
D. Nausea and vomiting
E. Weight gain
G. Lung cracklesExplanation
Signs and symptoms of SIADH include headache, increased blood pressure, increased output (I>O), nausea and vomiting, weight gain, and lung crackles. These symptoms occur due to the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Headache can occur due to cerebral edema caused by water retention. Increased blood pressure can result from fluid overload. Increased output (I>O) refers to the increased urinary output due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. Nausea and vomiting can occur due to the effects of ADH on the gastrointestinal system. Weight gain is a result of fluid retention. Lung crackles can be heard on auscultation due to pulmonary edema caused by fluid overload.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Doctors often restrict fluids for patients with SIADH.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Patients with SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) have excessive levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in their bodies, leading to the retention of water by the kidneys. This causes a dilutional hyponatremia, where the sodium levels in the blood become abnormally low. To treat this condition, doctors often restrict fluids in order to prevent further water retention and to help normalize the sodium levels. Therefore, the statement that doctors often restrict fluids for patients with SIADH is true.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following would you expect to see in lab results for a patient with SIADH? Check all that apply
- A.
High urine osmolarity
- B.
Low urine osmolarity
- C.
High specific gravity (urine)
- D.
Low specific gravity (urine)
- E.
High serum osmolarity
- F.
Low serum osmolarity
- G.
High sodium
- H.
Low sodium
Correct Answer(s)
A. High urine osmolarity
C. High specific gravity (urine)
F. Low serum osmolarity
H. Low sodiumExplanation
A patient with SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) would have high urine osmolarity because the excessive release of ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water, leading to concentrated urine. They would also have high specific gravity in the urine because of the increased concentration. Additionally, they would have low serum osmolarity because the excess water retention dilutes the blood. Finally, they would have low sodium levels because the excessive ADH causes water retention and dilution of sodium in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following would you expect to see in lab results for a patient with Diabetes Insipidus? Check all that apply
- A.
High urine osmolarity
- B.
Low urine osmolarity
- C.
High specific gravity (urine)
- D.
Low specific gravity (urine)
- E.
High serum osmolarity
- F.
Low serum osmolarity
- G.
High sodium
- H.
Low sodium
Correct Answer(s)
B. Low urine osmolarity
D. Low specific gravity (urine)
E. High serum osmolarity
G. High sodiumExplanation
Diabetes Insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to properly regulate fluid balance. In this condition, the body is unable to retain water, leading to excessive urination and thirst. Low urine osmolarity and low specific gravity of urine are expected because the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine. High serum osmolarity is also expected because of the increased concentration of solutes in the blood due to the excessive loss of water. High sodium levels can also be seen due to the dilutional effect caused by the excessive loss of water.Rate this question:
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- 33.
When a physician orders a free water restriction, it is important to note that which of the following would not be considered free water?
- A.
Apple juice
- B.
NG tube irrigation with NS
- C.
Isotonic IV solution
Correct Answer
A. Apple juiceExplanation
Apple juice would not be considered free water because it contains sugars and other substances that can affect the body's fluid balance. Free water refers to water that does not contain any additional substances and is not restricted in terms of consumption. In contrast, isotonic IV solution and NG tube irrigation with NS (normal saline) are considered free water because they do not contain any additional substances and can be consumed without restriction.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Addison's disease is _____________.
- A.
A hyper-function of the adrenal cortex.
- B.
A hyper-function of the adrenal medulla.
- C.
A hypo-function of the adrenal cortex.
- D.
A hypo-function of the adrenal medulla.
Correct Answer
C. A hypo-function of the adrenal cortex.Explanation
Addison's disease is a condition characterized by a hypo-function of the adrenal cortex. This means that the adrenal cortex, which is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, is not functioning properly. As a result, individuals with Addison's disease may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to help restore normal adrenal function.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Addison's disease? Check all that apply.
- A.
Menstrual changes in females
- B.
Impotence in males
- C.
Hypokalemia
- D.
Hyperkalemia
- E.
Weight gain
- F.
Weight loss
- G.
Confusion, depression, lethargy
- H.
Hyperglycemia
- I.
Hypoglycemia
- J.
Hypernatremia
- K.
Hyponatremia
- L.
Elevated cortisol levels
- M.
Low cortisol levels
Correct Answer(s)
A. Menstrual changes in females
B. Impotence in males
C. Hypokalemia
F. Weight loss
G. Confusion, depression, lethargy
I. Hypoglycemia
K. Hyponatremia
M. Low cortisol levelsExplanation
The signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include menstrual changes in females, impotence in males, hypokalemia, weight loss, confusion, depression, lethargy, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and low cortisol levels. These symptoms are characteristic of adrenal insufficiency, which is a key feature of Addison's disease. Elevated cortisol levels would not be expected in Addison's disease as the adrenal glands are not producing enough cortisol. Weight gain and hyperglycemia are not typically associated with Addison's disease.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Cushing syndrome is _____________.
- A.
A hyper-function of the adrenal cortex.
- B.
A hyper-function of the adrenal medulla.
- C.
A hypo-function of the adrenal cortex.
- D.
A hypo-function of the adrenal medulla.
Correct Answer
A. A hyper-function of the adrenal cortex.Explanation
Cushing syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive production of cortisol hormone by the adrenal cortex. This leads to a hyper-function of the adrenal cortex, resulting in various symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Cushing Syndrome? Check all that apply.
- A.
Labile mood
- B.
Weakness
- C.
Thin skin
- D.
Easy bruising
- E.
Fluid volume excess
- F.
Fluid volume deficiency
- G.
Abnormal fat deposits
- H.
Hyperglycemia
- I.
Hypoglycemia
- J.
Hypernatremia
- K.
Hyponatremia
- L.
Elevated cortisol levels
- M.
Low cortisol levels
Correct Answer(s)
A. Labile mood
B. Weakness
C. Thin skin
D. Easy bruising
E. Fluid volume excess
G. Abnormal fat deposits
H. Hyperglycemia
L. Elevated cortisol levelsExplanation
The signs and symptoms of Cushing Syndrome include labile mood, weakness, thin skin, easy bruising, fluid volume excess, abnormal fat deposits, hyperglycemia, and elevated cortisol levels. These symptoms are characteristic of Cushing Syndrome, which is caused by excessive levels of cortisol in the body.Rate this question:
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- 38.
All of the following can cause secondary Cushing Syndrome EXCEPT:
- A.
Pituitary or hypothalamus defects that cause an elevation of ACTH
- B.
Tumors of the lungs, GI tract, or pancreas that can produce an ACTH-like substance
- C.
Autoimmune disorders
- D.
Tumor of the adrenal cortex
Correct Answer
D. Tumor of the adrenal cortexExplanation
Secondary Cushing Syndrome is caused by an excess production of ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol. Pituitary or hypothalamus defects, tumors of the lungs, GI tract, or pancreas, and autoimmune disorders can all lead to an elevation of ACTH and subsequently cause secondary Cushing Syndrome. However, a tumor of the adrenal cortex would not cause an elevation of ACTH, making it the exception in this case.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Which of the following can cause primary Cushing Syndrome?
- A.
A tumor in the pituitary gland
- B.
A tumor in the adrenal cortex
- C.
A tumor in the hypothalamus
- D.
A tumor in the adrenal medulla
Correct Answer
B. A tumor in the adrenal cortexExplanation
A tumor in the adrenal cortex can cause primary Cushing Syndrome because it can lead to excessive production of cortisol, a hormone that is normally produced by the adrenal glands. This excess cortisol can result in symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness, which are characteristic of Cushing Syndrome. Tumors in other locations, such as the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, or adrenal medulla, do not typically cause primary Cushing Syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Hyperthyroidism can increase all of the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Metabolism
- B.
Cardiac output
- C.
O2 consumption
- D.
Peripheral blood flow
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
E. None of the aboveExplanation
Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, which leads to an excessive production of thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, cardiac output, O2 consumption, and peripheral blood flow. Therefore, hyperthyroidism can increase all of the mentioned factors, and the correct answer is "none of the above."Rate this question:
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- 41.
All of the following can cause hyperthyroidism EXCEPT:
- A.
Grave's Disease
- B.
Excess TSH
- C.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "None of the above." This means that all of the options listed (Grave's Disease, Excess TSH, and Inflammation of the thyroid gland) can cause hyperthyroidism.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? Check all that apply
- A.
Bradycardia and hypotension
- B.
Tachycardia and hypertension
- C.
Palpitations
- D.
Goiter
- E.
Anxiety and nervousness
- F.
Heat intolerance
- G.
Cold intolerance
- H.
Insomnia
- I.
Fatigue
- J.
Increased free T4
- K.
Decreased free T4
- L.
Diaphoresis
Correct Answer(s)
B. Tachycardia and hypertension
C. Palpitations
D. Goiter
E. Anxiety and nervousness
F. Heat intolerance
H. Insomnia
J. Increased free T4
L. DiapHoresisExplanation
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Tachycardia and hypertension are common signs of hyperthyroidism, as the increased thyroid hormones can lead to an increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Palpitations, goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), anxiety and nervousness, heat intolerance, insomnia, increased free T4 (thyroxine), and diaphoresis (excessive sweating) are also symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Cold intolerance, bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and decreased free T4 are not associated with hyperthyroidism.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Grave's Disease, which accounts for 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism, is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that bind to TSH receptors in the thyroid causing TH to be released.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Grave's Disease is indeed an autoimmune disease that causes hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the body produces antibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors in the thyroid gland. This binding stimulates the release of thyroid hormones (TH), leading to an overactive thyroid gland and the symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism. Therefore, the statement "Grave's Disease, which accounts for 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism, is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that bind to TSH receptors in the thyroid causing TH to be released" is true.Rate this question:
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- 44.
All of the following can cause hyperthyroidism EXCEPT:
- A.
Excess TSH hormone production
- B.
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
- C.
Pituitary infarction
- D.
Excess T3 secretion
Correct Answer
C. Pituitary infarctionExplanation
Pituitary infarction is not a cause of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurs when there is an excess production of thyroid hormones, such as TSH and T3. Excess TSH hormone production, inflammation of the thyroid gland, and excess T3 secretion can all lead to hyperthyroidism. However, pituitary infarction refers to the death of cells in the pituitary gland due to a lack of blood supply, which would not directly cause hyperthyroidism.Rate this question:
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- 45.
In Grave's Disease, labs will show _______ TSH levels because the negative feedback mechanism is ___________.
- A.
Low; malfunctioning
- B.
Low; functioning properly
- C.
High; malfunctioning
- D.
High; functioning properly
Correct Answer
B. Low; functioning properlyExplanation
In Grave's Disease, the labs will show low TSH levels because the negative feedback mechanism is functioning properly. Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to overproduce thyroid hormones. The excessive levels of thyroid hormones in the body signal the pituitary gland to decrease the production of TSH, which is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland. Therefore, in Grave's Disease, the low TSH levels indicate that the negative feedback mechanism is functioning properly by suppressing the production of TSH in response to high levels of thyroid hormones.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Exophthalmos is a condition in which ______________.
- A.
The thalamus is protruding due to a tumor pushing from below it in the pituitary gland.
- B.
The eyes are pushed forward due to "fat pads" that grow behind the eyeball.
- C.
The thyroid grows abnormally large.
Correct Answer
B. The eyes are pushed forward due to "fat pads" that grow behind the eyeball.Explanation
Exophthalmos is a condition in which the eyes are pushed forward due to "fat pads" that grow behind the eyeball. This condition can be caused by various factors, such as thyroid eye disease, orbital inflammation, or tumors. The protrusion of the eyes can result in a bulging appearance and can cause symptoms such as dryness, irritation, and difficulty closing the eyelids fully. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or management of the underlying condition.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? Check all that apply
- A.
Bradycardia
- B.
Tachycardia and hypertension
- C.
Palpitations
- D.
Goiter
- E.
Depression
- F.
Heat intolerance
- G.
Cold intolerance
- H.
Insomnia
- I.
Fatigue
- J.
Increased free T4
- K.
Decreased free T4
- L.
Sluggish DTRs
Correct Answer(s)
A. Bradycardia
D. Goiter
E. Depression
G. Cold intolerance
I. Fatigue
K. Decreased free T4
L. Sluggish DTRsExplanation
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is a sign of hypothyroidism as the lack of thyroid hormone can slow down the heart rate. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, can occur in hypothyroidism due to the thyroid gland trying to compensate for the lack of hormone production. Depression is a common symptom of hypothyroidism as low levels of thyroid hormone can affect mood. Cold intolerance is a symptom of hypothyroidism as the lack of thyroid hormone can affect the body's ability to regulate temperature. Fatigue is a common symptom of hypothyroidism as low levels of thyroid hormone can slow down bodily functions. Decreased free T4 levels indicate low thyroid hormone levels, which is a sign of hypothyroidism. Sluggish deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) can occur in hypothyroidism as the lack of thyroid hormone can affect nerve conduction.Rate this question:
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- 48.
All of the following can cause hypothyroidism EXCEPT:
- A.
Radiation treatment for cancer
- B.
Pituitary malfunctions
- C.
Infections
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "None of the above." This means that all of the options listed (radiation treatment for cancer, pituitary malfunctions, and infections) can cause hypothyroidism. Therefore, the statement "None of the above" is incorrect.Rate this question:
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Mar 19, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 05, 2011Quiz Created by
KimW1234
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