Evolution Ng Cecilia At Catherine

Charles Darwin is credited with developing the Theory of Natural Selection. This theory explains how species evolve and adapt to their environment over time through the process of natural selection. Darwin's work on this theory, which he published in his book "On the Origin of Species," revolutionized the field of biology and had a profound impact on our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth. His research and observations during his travels on the HMS Beagle led him to formulate this groundbreaking theory, making him one of the most influential scientists in history.

Fossils are formed when the remains of an organism, either whole or in part, become buried in sedimentary rocks such as mud or silt. Over time, the layers of sediment compress and harden, preserving the remains and turning them into fossils. This process can take millions of years. Fossils provide valuable information about past life forms and the history of the Earth.

Trace fossils are marks or evidence of animal activities. These can include footprints, burrows, and feeding marks left behind by animals. Unlike body fossils, which preserve the actual remains of organisms, trace fossils provide indirect evidence of past animal behavior and can give insights into their ecology and interactions with the environment. Tar pits, freezing, and amber are not examples of trace fossils as they do not represent animal activities, but rather preservation methods or substances.

Cro-Magnon is the correct answer because evidence suggests that migrating groups, specifically the Cro-Magnon people, arrived in Europe approximately 35,000 years ago. This group of early modern humans is known for their advanced tool-making skills and artistic abilities. They coexisted with Neanderthals for a period of time before eventually replacing them. Homo habilis and Java man are not relevant to the given statement as they are earlier hominin species that lived in Africa and Java respectively, and their migrations did not occur around 35,000 years ago.

Analogous structures are organs or body parts that have similar functions but different anatomical structures. This means that even though these structures may serve the same purpose, they have evolved independently in different species and do not share a common ancestor. For example, the wings of birds and the wings of insects are both used for flying, but they have different anatomical structures. This is because birds and insects have evolved these structures separately to adapt to their respective environments.

Thomas Malthus is the correct answer because he is widely known as the writer of the essay on the principles of Population. His essay, published in 1798, outlined his theory that population growth would eventually outstrip the available resources, leading to widespread poverty and misery. Malthus' ideas had a significant impact on the fields of economics, sociology, and demography, and his work continues to be studied and debated today.

Overpopulation refers to a situation where the number of individuals in a population exceeds the available resources necessary for their survival. In this context, the statement suggests that the number of offspring produced by organisms is typically higher than the resources available to support them. This leads to a struggle for existence, as individuals compete for limited resources such as food, water, and shelter. The presence of variation within the population allows for some individuals to possess traits that give them a better chance of survival, which can be transmitted to future generations.

Neanderthals were a species of the genus Homo that lived in Europe around 130,000 years ago. They were closely related to Homo sapiens and shared many physical characteristics with modern humans. Neanderthals were a distinct species with their own unique culture and tools. They coexisted with early Homo sapiens for a period of time before eventually going extinct. Their presence in Europe around 130,000 years ago aligns with the statement that members of the genus Homo first appeared in Europe at that time.

Casts are formed when a mold is filled in with another material, creating a replica of the original organism. This process is known as filled-in molds. It is a common method of preservation in which the mold is filled with a substance such as sediment, clay, or minerals that hardens and takes the shape of the organism. Casts provide valuable information about the shape, size, and even the internal structures of the original organism, making them important tools for studying fossils and ancient life forms.

The half-life of an element refers to the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample of that element to decay. This means that after one half-life, half of the original atoms will have decayed, and after two half-lives, three-quarters of the original atoms will have decayed. The concept of half-life is commonly used in nuclear physics and radiometric dating to determine the age of rocks and fossils.

The correct answer is "Java man" because it refers to the first fossil of the Homo erectus. Java man, also known as Homo erectus erectus, is the name given to a fossilized skull and femur discovered in Java, Indonesia in the early 1890s. This fossil provided significant evidence for the existence of Homo erectus, an early human species that lived approximately 1.9 million to 143,000 years ago. The term "Java man" is commonly used to refer to this specific fossil and its significance in human evolution.

The principle of superposition states that in a series of sedimentary rock layers, younger rocks normally lie on top of older rocks that embed organisms. This means that the layers at the bottom are older, while the layers at the top are younger. This principle is important in determining the relative ages of fossils and rock layers, as it provides a basic framework for understanding the order in which they were formed. By applying this principle, scientists can establish a chronological sequence of events and gain insights into the Earth's history.