Final Period Online Quiz

Copper is classified as a non-renewable resource because it is a finite resource that cannot be replenished within a human lifespan. It is extracted from the earth through mining processes, and once it is used, it cannot be naturally regenerated. The limited availability of copper makes it non-renewable, and its extraction can have significant environmental impacts.

The correct answer is "Environmental Era" because it is the only option that directly relates to the call for environmental protection and conservation. The term "environmental" indicates a focus on the environment, which aligns with the need for protection and conservation. The other options, such as "Globalization Revolution" and "Industrial-Medical Revolution," do not specifically address environmental concerns. The "Agricultural revolution" may have had some impact on the environment, but it does not encompass the broader scope of environmental protection and conservation.

Groundwater refers to the part of precipitation that seeps through the soil and reaches the water table. It is the underground water that fills the spaces between soil particles and rocks. This water is stored in aquifers and can be accessed through wells or springs. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water and irrigation for many communities. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the water balance of ecosystems and supporting plant and animal life. Therefore, the correct answer is groundwater.

The hydrologic cycle refers to the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. This cycle involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, which collectively ensure the circulation and distribution of water throughout the planet. The hydrologic cycle is vital for maintaining the Earth's water balance, regulating climate patterns, and supporting various ecosystems and human activities that rely on water resources.

The Agricultural Revolution occurred 10,000 years ago and marked a significant shift in human civilization. It involved the transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled farming communities. This revolution brought about the domestication of plants and animals, leading to the development of agriculture as a primary means of sustenance. This shift allowed for the development of permanent settlements, the growth of populations, and the emergence of complex social structures. The Agricultural Revolution laid the foundation for the development of civilizations and the subsequent advancements in technology, culture, and society.

The formula for kinetic energy is 1/2 m v^2. This formula represents the relationship between an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v) in determining its kinetic energy. The 1/2 factor indicates that kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of the velocity. As the velocity increases, the kinetic energy increases exponentially. The mass of the object also plays a role, as a heavier object with the same velocity will have a greater kinetic energy compared to a lighter object.

Fertile soil is considered a renewable resource because it can be replenished naturally over time through the decomposition of organic matter and the addition of nutrients. This process allows for the growth of new plants and crops, which in turn contribute to the formation of more fertile soil. As long as proper agricultural practices are followed, such as crop rotation and soil conservation, the fertility of the soil can be sustained and renewed for future use. Therefore, fertile soil is not depleted permanently and can be continuously regenerated, making it a renewable resource.

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished over time through biological reproduction or other naturally recurring processes. These resources are not depleted permanently and can be used sustainably without causing long-term damage to the environment. Examples of renewable resources include solar energy, wind energy, and timber from sustainably managed forests.

The hydrosphere refers to the part of the Earth that is made up of water, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. It covers three quarters of the Earth's surface, indicating that it is a major component of the planet. The marine ecosystem, which is mentioned in the question, is a part of the hydrosphere. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrosphere.

Republic Act 9147 is the correct answer because it is the specific legislation that pertains to the conservation and protection of wildlife resources in the Philippines. This act provides guidelines and regulations for the sustainable management of wildlife, including the protection of endangered species, the establishment of protected areas, and the enforcement of penalties for illegal wildlife trade and poaching. It aims to ensure the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of wildlife resources for future generations.

Wildlife conservation is not a cause of animal and plant depletion, but rather a solution to address the depletion. Wildlife conservation involves efforts to protect and preserve animal and plant species, their habitats, and ecosystems. It aims to prevent further depletion and promote sustainable practices to ensure the survival and well-being of wildlife populations. Therefore, wildlife conservation cannot be considered a cause of animal and plant depletion.

Symbiosis refers to a relationship between two species where they are usually in physical contact and at least one of them derives some sort of benefit from this contact. This can include mutualistic relationships where both species benefit, commensal relationships where one species benefits while the other is unaffected, or parasitic relationships where one species benefits at the expense of the other. Symbiosis is a common phenomenon in nature and plays a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and promoting coexistence between different species.

Igneous rocks are formed from magma, which is molten rock that has cooled and solidified. This process typically occurs deep within the Earth's crust or in volcanic eruptions. As the magma cools, it solidifies and forms igneous rocks. These rocks can have a variety of textures and compositions depending on the cooling rate and the mineral content of the magma. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and obsidian.

Hydrogen is not considered a greenhouse gas because it does not trap heat in the atmosphere like other greenhouse gases do. Greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide have the ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation, which leads to the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. However, hydrogen does not have this property and therefore is not classified as a greenhouse gas.

An integrated waste management strategy includes source reduction, recycling, and disposal of solid waste. Garbage burning is not considered a component of this strategy because it is not an environmentally friendly method of waste disposal. Burning garbage releases harmful pollutants into the air and contributes to air pollution. Therefore, it is important to focus on the other components of waste management to minimize the negative impact on the environment.

An ecosystem refers to a complex set of relationships among living resources, the environment, and organisms within a community. It encompasses the interactions and interdependencies between different species and their physical surroundings. This includes the flow of energy and nutrients, as well as the cycling of matter within the ecosystem. Ecosystems can vary in size and can be found in various habitats, such as forests, oceans, and grasslands. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature and supporting the survival of different organisms within the community.

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus. Since oxygen has an atomic number of 8, it means it has 8 protons. The atomic mass of an element is the sum of its protons and neutrons. Given that the atomic mass of oxygen is 16, and we know it has 8 protons, we can subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons in oxygen is 16 - 8 = 8.

Natural gas is considered a non-renewable resource because it is formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals that lived and died long ago. Once extracted and used, natural gas cannot be easily replenished within a human lifespan. This makes it finite and unsustainable in the long term. As a non-renewable resource, the availability of natural gas will eventually decline, making it necessary to explore and develop alternative energy sources.

The correct answer is Industrial-Medical Revolution. This period, known as the Industrial-Medical Revolution, saw significant advancements in both industry and medicine. During this time, there was a rapid increase in industrialization, with the development of new technologies and manufacturing processes. Additionally, there were also major breakthroughs in medical science, such as the discovery of anesthesia and the development of vaccines. These advancements had a profound impact on society and laid the foundation for modern industry and medicine.

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A keystone species is a species that has a critical role in maintaining the balance and stability of a specific ecosystem. They have a disproportionate impact on the ecosystem compared to their abundance. If a keystone species is removed from the ecosystem, it can cause a cascading effect, leading to the collapse of the entire ecosystem. They often have a significant influence on the structure and function of the ecosystem by regulating the population of other species or by providing essential services such as pollination or habitat creation.

Biofiltration is the correct answer because it involves the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to break down and remove pollutants from the air. These microorganisms act as natural filters, breaking down the pollutants into harmless byproducts. This process is commonly used in wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities to improve air quality and reduce pollution.

Republic Act 7160, also known as the Local Government Code of 1991, grants the local government the authority to collaborate with the national government in the preservation and upkeep of ecological balance within their respective territorial jurisdiction. This means that local government units have a shared responsibility with the national government in managing and maintaining the ecological balance in their areas.

Biomass refers to a biological material derived from living organisms, such as plants and animals, that is used as fuel. This can include organic matter like wood, agricultural crops, and even animal waste. Biomass is a renewable source of energy and can be converted into heat, electricity, or biofuels. It is considered a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and helps in waste management.

The correct answer is Tundra because it is an extremely cold region that lacks trees and has a permanently frozen subsurface soil. The Tundra biome is characterized by low temperatures, short growing seasons, and little precipitation. The harsh climate and frozen soil make it difficult for trees to grow, resulting in a treeless landscape dominated by low-growing vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and shrubs.

Presidential Decree 600 is the correct answer because it is a law that specifically addresses water pollution control. The other options, Republic Act 7586, Presidential Decree 331, and Republic Act 8749, do not specifically focus on water pollution control. Therefore, Presidential Decree 600 is the most appropriate choice in this context.

Red, brown, and green algae belong to the Kingdom Plantae because they are photosynthetic organisms that contain chlorophyll and other pigments. They are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis, similar to plants. Algae are considered plant-like organisms and are classified in the Kingdom Plantae along with other plants.

The term "weather" refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a specific time. It includes factors such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation. This answer is correct because weather is the most appropriate term to describe the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time, while climate refers to long-term patterns of weather in a specific region. Humidity and temperature are specific factors that contribute to the overall weather conditions.

Sustainable development refers to the practice of utilizing resources in a way that satisfies the current needs of society without depleting them for future generations. It emphasizes the importance of balancing economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection. This approach ensures that the well-being and quality of life of future generations are not compromised by the actions and decisions made in the present.

Decomposers are organisms that break down nonliving organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances. They play a crucial role in recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem by decomposing dead organisms and releasing nutrients that can be used by other organisms. Decomposers obtain energy by breaking down these organic materials and use them as a source of energy and raw materials to build their own bodies. This process helps to maintain the balance of nutrients in the ecosystem and is essential for the overall functioning of the food chain.

Commensalism is the correct answer because it describes a relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits while the other is not affected. In commensalism, one organism benefits from the relationship without causing any harm or benefit to the other organism. This type of relationship is often seen in nature where one organism may use another organism for transportation or shelter without causing any harm to the host organism.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of organisms and species in a given environment. It encompasses the different forms of life, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the genetic diversity within each species. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the balance and functioning of ecosystems, as each organism plays a unique role in the overall ecosystem. It also provides various benefits to humans, such as food, medicine, and ecosystem services. Therefore, the given answer, biodiversity, accurately represents the concept of the variety of organisms and species in the environment.

Succession refers to the concept that communities undergo a series of predictable changes in their structure over time. This process occurs as one community gradually replaces another in a given area. It involves the colonization of new species and the gradual development of a more complex and stable ecosystem. Succession can be primary, starting from bare rock or soil, or secondary, starting from disturbed or previously inhabited areas. It is an important ecological process that allows for the renewal and regeneration of ecosystems.

Volcanic eruption is the correct answer because it occurs when the Earth's mantle, which is located beneath the Earth's crust, pushes through the crust and releases magma, gases, and other materials onto the surface. This process creates volcanic activity, such as the eruption of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano. Unlike earthquakes, mountain formation, and trench formation, which are caused by tectonic plate movements, volcanic eruptions specifically involve the release of molten rock and other materials from beneath the Earth's surface.

The outermost layer of the Earth, known as the crust, is between 5 to 75 km deep and is divided into huge plates. This layer is composed of solid rock and is the thinnest layer of the Earth. The crust is divided into two types: continental crust, which is thicker and less dense, and oceanic crust, which is thinner and more dense. The movement of these plates on the crust is responsible for various geological activities such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of ecosystems present in a given area. It encompasses the range of different habitats, communities, and ecological processes that exist within a region. This measurement takes into account the different types of ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts, as well as the interactions and relationships between them. By assessing ecosystem diversity, scientists can gain insight into the overall health and resilience of an area's ecological systems, as well as the potential impacts of human activities on these systems.

Transpiration is the process by which water is released into the air by plants. Through tiny openings called stomata on the leaves, plants lose water vapor during transpiration. This process helps in the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil, as well as the cooling of the plant. Transpiration plays a crucial role in the overall water cycle and helps maintain the balance of water in the environment.

Weathering refers to the process of breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces. It is a natural process that occurs due to various factors such as temperature changes, wind, water, and chemical reactions. Weathering can occur through physical processes like freezing and thawing, as well as through chemical processes like oxidation and hydrolysis. This process is an essential part of the Earth's geological cycle and plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface over time.

Estuaries are shallow, partially enclosed areas where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. They are characterized by fluctuating salinity levels due to the mixing of these two types of water. Estuaries are often found along coastlines and are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. They serve as important habitats for many organisms and also provide valuable ecosystem services such as water filtration and nutrient cycling.

The correct answer is Northeast Monsoon. The prevailing wind system over the Philippines from November to February is known as the Northeast Monsoon. During this period, winds blow from the northeast, bringing cool and dry air to the region. This monsoon is also known as the Amihan and is characterized by clear skies and cooler temperatures. It is an important weather phenomenon in the Philippines, influencing the country's climate and agriculture.

The biosphere is the relatively thin layer on the earth in which life can exist. It includes all living organisms, their interactions, and the environments they inhabit. The atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere are important components of the biosphere, but the biosphere specifically refers to the layer where life exists.

This answer is correct because mutualism refers to a type of interaction between two species in which both species benefit. In the examples given, ants on acacia trees and bacteria on legume roots, both species involved have a mutually beneficial relationship. The ants protect the tree from herbivores and in return, they receive food and shelter. Similarly, the bacteria on legume roots fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, providing essential nutrients to the legume plants, while the bacteria receive nutrients from the plants.

Minerals that have been formed in the lithosphere and are not replenished over a short period of time are called non-renewable resources. Once these minerals are extracted and used, they cannot be replaced or regenerated within a human lifespan. Instead, they become waste materials unless they are recycled. This makes them finite and valuable resources that need to be conserved and used wisely to ensure their availability for future generations.

When a substance reacts with oxygen to give oxides, this chemical process is called combustion. Combustion is a type of chemical reaction that involves the rapid combination of a fuel (the substance reacting with oxygen) with oxygen to produce heat, light, and new chemical compounds known as oxides. This process commonly occurs when a substance burns in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.

Trench formation occurs when one plate in the Earth's crust slides under another plate. This process is known as subduction, where the denser oceanic plate sinks beneath the less dense continental plate. As the oceanic plate descends into the mantle, it creates a deep trench on the ocean floor. This process is associated with the formation of volcanic arcs and can lead to the occurrence of earthquakes as the plates interact and release built-up stress. Mountain formation, on the other hand, is typically caused by the collision of two continental plates, while volcanic eruptions are caused by the release of magma from the Earth's mantle.

When plates in the Earth's crust collide, it leads to intense pressure and compression. This causes the crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the formation of mountains. The collision of plates forces the rocks to uplift and create large mountain ranges such as the Himalayas or the Andes. These mountains are formed over millions of years as the plates continue to collide and push against each other.

Remoras on sharks is not an example of parasitism because remoras and sharks have a mutualistic relationship. Remoras attach themselves to the shark's body and feed off the scraps of food left behind by the shark. In return, they provide the shark with a cleaning service by removing parasites and dead skin. This relationship benefits both species involved, unlike parasitism where one species benefits at the expense of the other.

pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. It indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. The lower the pH value, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions and the more acidic the solution is. The higher the pH value, the lower the concentration of hydrogen ions and the more alkaline the solution is. Therefore, the correct answer is "Hydrogen ion" because pH is directly related to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Soil is the correct answer because it is a solid material that is formed through the interaction of weathering and biological activity on the parent material or underlying hard rock. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles, and biological activity such as the decomposition of organic matter contributes to the formation of soil. Soil is essential for plant growth and provides nutrients and support for roots.

Sea water has a pH value between 8-9, which indicates that it is basic. Basic substances have a pH value greater than 7, indicating that they are alkaline. Therefore, sea water falls into the category of basic substances due to its pH level.