Gait Deviations From 101
QUESTIONS TAKEN FROM PTA 101 IN THE CHAPTER "ELEMENTS OF NORMAL GAIT PATTERN"
Questions and Answers
- 1.
DURING THE INITAL HEEL STRIKE: PATIENTS HEAD AND TRUNK SHIFT FORWARD AT HEEL STRIKE, PLACING COG ANTERIOR TO KNEE JOINT, PREVENTING KNEE FLEXIONWHERE IS THE POTENTIAL PROBLEM?
- A.
KNEE FLEXORS
- B.
ANKLE DORSIFLEXORS
- C.
KNEE EXTENSORS
- D.
HIP FLEXORS
Correct Answer
C. KNEE EXTENSORSExplanation
During the initial heel strike, the head and trunk of the patient shift forward, placing the center of gravity (COG) anterior to the knee joint. This forward shift of the COG prevents knee flexion. The potential problem lies with the knee extensors because they are responsible for extending the knee joint. If the knee extensors are not functioning properly, they may not be able to overcome the forward shift of the COG and prevent knee flexion, leading to difficulty in maintaining stability and control during the initial heel strike.Rate this question:
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- 2.
DURING THE INITIAL HEEL STRIKE:THE PATIENTS KNEE BECOMES LOCKED IN EXTENSION OR HYPEREXTENSIONTHE POTENTIAL PROBLEM IS WHERE?
- A.
IN THE KNEE EXTENSORS
- B.
IN THE KNEE FLEXORS
- C.
IN THE HIP FLEXORS
- D.
IN THE HIP ROTATORS
Correct Answer
A. IN THE KNEE EXTENSORSExplanation
During the initial heel strike, if the patient's knee becomes locked in extension or hyperextension, the potential problem lies in the knee extensors. This means that the muscles responsible for extending the knee, such as the quadriceps, may be overly tight or overactive, causing the knee to remain in an extended position. This can lead to issues with gait and stability, as well as potential strain on the knee joint and surrounding structures.Rate this question:
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- 3.
DURING INITIAL HEEL STRIKE:THE PATIENT PRESENTS WITH THEIR FOOT SLAPPING DOWN TO THE FLOOR WHERE IS THE POTENTIAL PROBLEM?
- A.
IN THE ANKLE PLANTARFLEXORS
- B.
IN THE QUADRICEPS
- C.
IN THE ANKLE DORSIFLEXORS
- D.
IN THE HAMSTRINGS
Correct Answer
C. IN THE ANKLE DORSIFLEXORSExplanation
The potential problem is in the ankle dorsiflexors. During initial heel strike, the patient's foot slaps down to the floor, which indicates a lack of control or weakness in the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle. Dorsiflexors are responsible for lifting the foot upward and preventing it from slapping down during heel strike. Therefore, if there is a problem with the ankle dorsiflexors, it can lead to this abnormal movement pattern.Rate this question:
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- 4.
DURING MIDSTANCE:THE PELVIS HAS AN EXAGGERATED DOWNWARD TILT ON THE LEFT SIDEWHERE IS THE POTENTIAL PROBLEM?
- A.
THE LEFT HIP ADDUCTOR
- B.
THE RIGHT HIP ABDUCTOR
- C.
THE RIGHT HIP ADDUCTOR
- D.
THE LEFT HIP ABDUCTOR
Correct Answer
B. THE RIGHT HIP ABDUCTORExplanation
The potential problem is with the right hip abductor. During midstance, the pelvis has an exaggerated downward tilt on the left side. This suggests that the left hip abductor is working properly and stabilizing the pelvis, while the right hip abductor is not functioning effectively, causing the pelvis to tilt downward on the left side.Rate this question:
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- 5.
DURING MIDSWING IN ORDER TO CLEAR THE FOOT:THE PATIENTS LEG IS LATERALLY ROTATED AT THE HIPWHERE IS THE POTENTIAL PROBLEM?
- A.
HIP LATERAL ROTATORS
- B.
KNEE FLEXORS
- C.
HIP MEDIAL ROTATORS
- D.
NONE OF THESE
Correct Answer
C. HIP MEDIAL ROTATORSExplanation
During midswing, the patient's leg is laterally rotated at the hip in order to clear the foot. The potential problem lies with the hip medial rotators. If these muscles are weak or dysfunctional, they may not be able to adequately medially rotate the hip, leading to difficulty in clearing the foot during midswing. This can result in tripping or stumbling while walking. Weakness or dysfunction in the hip medial rotators can be caused by various factors such as muscle imbalances, injuries, or neurological conditions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
THE MUSCLE RESPONSIBLE FOR A LURCH GAIT DEVIATION
- A.
LATERAL HIP ROTATORS
- B.
QUADRICEPS
- C.
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
- D.
PSOAS MAJOR
Correct Answer
C. GLUTEUS MAXIMUSExplanation
The gluteus maximus is the correct answer because it is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for extending the hip joint. A lurch gait deviation is characterized by a sudden and unsteady movement while walking, often caused by weakness or dysfunction in the hip muscles. The gluteus maximus plays a key role in stabilizing and propelling the body forward during walking, so any impairment in this muscle can lead to a lurching gait pattern.Rate this question:
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- 7.
TENDELENBURG GAIT IS OBSERVED DURING STANCE pHASE ON THE AFFECTED SIDE
- A.
TRUE
- B.
FALSE
Correct Answer
A. TRUEExplanation
The statement is true because the Trendelenburg gait is indeed observed during the stance phase on the affected side. The Trendelenburg gait is a characteristic gait abnormality that occurs due to weakness or dysfunction of the hip abductor muscles, particularly the gluteus medius muscle. During the stance phase of walking, the gluteus medius muscle is responsible for stabilizing the pelvis on the opposite side of the leg that is in contact with the ground. When there is weakness or dysfunction in this muscle, the pelvis on the affected side drops, causing a noticeable limp or sway in the gait pattern.Rate this question:
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- 8.
GENU VALGUS
- A.
KNOCKED KNEES
- B.
BOWLEGGED
Correct Answer
A. KNOCKED KNEESExplanation
Knocked knees, also known as genu valgus, is a condition where the knees touch each other when standing straight, but the ankles do not touch. This causes the legs to appear bowed outwards. It is a common condition in children and usually resolves on its own as they grow older. Treatment may be required if the condition persists or causes pain or difficulty in walking. Therefore, the term "knocked knees" accurately describes the condition of genu valgus.Rate this question:
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- 9.
GENU VARUM
- A.
KNOCKED KNEES
- B.
BOWLEGGED
Correct Answer
B. BOWLEGGEDExplanation
The term "bowlegged" refers to a condition where a person's legs curve outward at the knees, creating a distinct gap between the lower legs when the feet are together. This condition is also known as genu varum. Therefore, the given answer "bowlegged" is correct as it accurately describes the condition of having curved or bowed legs.Rate this question:
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- 10.
BACK KNEE GAIT
- A.
QUADRICEPS DEFICIT GAIT
- B.
ANTERIOR TIBIAL COMPARTMENT GAIT
- C.
ANTALGIC GAIT
- D.
TRENDELENBURG GAIT
Correct Answer
A. QUADRICEPS DEFICIT GAITExplanation
The correct answer is QUADRICEPS DEFICIT GAIT. This gait pattern refers to a limp or abnormal walking pattern caused by a weakness or deficit in the quadriceps muscles. The quadriceps muscles are responsible for extending the knee during walking, so a deficit in these muscles can lead to difficulty in fully extending the knee and a compensatory gait pattern. This may result in a shortened stride length or a limp where the affected leg is unable to fully bear weight.Rate this question:
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- 11.
THE ANATOMICAL CASE IN WHICH ONE BONE MAY BE LONGER/SHORTER THAN THE OTHER
- A.
STRUCTURAL LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY
- B.
FUNCTIONAL LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY
Correct Answer
A. STRUCTURAL LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCYExplanation
Structural leg length discrepancy refers to a condition in which one bone in the leg is longer or shorter than the other. This can occur due to various reasons such as congenital abnormalities, growth plate injuries, or fractures. Unlike functional leg length discrepancy, which is caused by factors such as muscle imbalances or joint misalignments, structural leg length discrepancy involves a physical difference in the length of the bones themselves. This can lead to issues with posture, gait, and overall musculoskeletal function. Treatment options for structural leg length discrepancy may include orthotic devices, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgical intervention.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCIES OCCURING AS A RESULT FROM A SOFT TISSUE CONTRACTURE OR ABNORMAL JOINT MOBILITY.
- A.
STRUCTURAL
- B.
FUNCTIONAL
Correct Answer
B. FUNCTIONALExplanation
The given correct answer is "FUNCTIONAL". This suggests that the leg length discrepancy is occurring as a result of a soft tissue contracture or abnormal joint mobility. In other words, the difference in leg length is not due to a structural issue with the bones or joints, but rather a functional problem with the soft tissues or joint mobility. This could be caused by muscle imbalances, tightness or weakness in certain muscles, or issues with joint alignment or range of motion.Rate this question:
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- 13.
THIS TYPE OF LEG LENGTH DISCREPENCY IS CLINICALLY MEASURED FROM ASIS TO MM OR LM WITH PATIENT IN THE SUPINE POSITION
- A.
STRUCTURAL
- B.
FUNCTIONAL
Correct Answer
A. STRUCTURALExplanation
This type of leg length discrepancy is clinically measured from ASIS to MM or LM with the patient in the supine position. This suggests that the leg length discrepancy is structural in nature. Structural leg length discrepancies refer to differences in the actual length of the bones in the legs, such as one leg being longer than the other. This measurement method helps determine the true anatomical difference in leg length. Functional leg length discrepancies, on the other hand, are caused by factors such as muscle imbalances or joint misalignments, which can temporarily alter leg length measurements.Rate this question:
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- 14.
THIS TYPE OF LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY IS CLINICALLY MEASURED FROM THE PATIENTS UMBILLICUS TO MM IN THE SUPINE POSITION
- A.
STRUCTURAL
- B.
FUNCTIONAL
Correct Answer
B. FUNCTIONALExplanation
The given statement indicates that the leg length discrepancy is clinically measured from the patient's umbilicus to mm in the supine position. This suggests that the measurement is done to assess the functional aspect of the leg length difference. Functional leg length discrepancy refers to a difference in leg length caused by factors such as muscle imbalances, joint stiffness, or pelvic tilt, rather than a structural abnormality in the bones or joints. Therefore, the correct answer is functional.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Apr 24, 2010Quiz Created by
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