GI/ Allergy Test 1
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- 1.
Food allergy is:
- A.
A reaction to food involving any of the major systems including skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory.
- B.
An abnormal immune response to a food
- C.
An IgE mediated response to a food allergen resulting in hives, asthma, or other symptoms
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above". This is because a food allergy can involve any of the major systems including the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system. It is also an abnormal immune response to a food, and this response is mediated by IgE antibodies, resulting in symptoms such as hives, asthma, or other allergic reactions. Therefore, all the statements in the options accurately describe food allergy.Rate this question:
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- 2.
In non-IgE mediated allergies, gastrointestinal symptoms are always accompanied with both skin and respiratory system involvement.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
In non-IgE mediated allergies, gastrointestinal symptoms may or may not be accompanied by skin and respiratory system involvement. This means that gastrointestinal symptoms can occur without any skin or respiratory symptoms. Therefore, the statement that gastrointestinal symptoms are always accompanied by both skin and respiratory system involvement in non-IgE mediated allergies is false.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Match the type of formula to its corresponding composition and properties: This formula is hydrolyzed (broken down) to have peptides of shorter length. Most infants and children would tolerate this type of formula; although, about 10% of children would react to this type of formula.
- A.
Regular cow’s milk formula
- B.
Partially hydrolyzed formula
- C.
Extensively hydrolyzed formula
- D.
Amino-acid based formula
Correct Answer
C. Extensively hydrolyzed formulaExplanation
The correct answer is "Extensively hydrolyzed formula." This formula is hydrolyzed (broken down) to have peptides of shorter length, which means that the proteins in the formula are broken down into smaller pieces. Most infants and children would tolerate this type of formula, but about 10% of children would react to it. Therefore, it is the formula that matches the given description.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Match the type of formula to its corresponding composition and properties: This formula is hydrolyzed (broken down) to have peptides of longer length. The immune system recognizes it as it resembles intact cow’s milk protein. Most infants with cow milk allergy react to this type of formula
- A.
Regular cow’s milk formula
- B.
Partially hydrolyzed formula
- C.
Extensively hydrolyzed formula
- D.
Amino-acid based formula
Correct Answer
B. Partially hydrolyzed formulaExplanation
The given correct answer is "Partially hydrolyzed formula" because it is mentioned in the explanation that this formula is hydrolyzed (broken down) to have peptides of longer length. This type of formula is recognized by the immune system as it resembles intact cow's milk protein, which causes most infants with cow milk allergy to react.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Match the type of formula to its corresponding composition and properties: This formula is made from single amino acids and the immune system cannot recognize it. This formula is 100% hypoallergenic.
- A.
Regular cow’s milk formula
- B.
Partially hydrolyzed formula
- C.
Extensively hydrolyzed formula
- D.
Amino-acid based formula
Correct Answer
D. Amino-acid based formulaExplanation
The correct answer is Amino-acid based formula. Amino-acid based formula is made from single amino acids and is hypoallergenic, meaning that the immune system cannot recognize it. This formula is often used for infants with severe allergies or intolerances to other types of formula.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Currently the only proven therapy for both IgE and non-IgE mediated allergies is:
- A.
Strict avoidance of the milk, egg, soy, wheat, fish, shellfish, peanuts and tree nuts
- B.
Strict avoidance of the offending food(s)
- C.
Strict avoidance of cow’s milk only + treated with corticosteroids
- D.
Removing all foods from the diet and starting formula, preferably amino acid based elemental formula
Correct Answer
B. Strict avoidance of the offending food(s)Explanation
The correct answer is "Strict avoidance of the offending food(s)". This is the only proven therapy for both IgE and non-IgE mediated allergies. By strictly avoiding the food(s) that trigger the allergic reaction, individuals can prevent symptoms and avoid potential complications. Other options mentioned in the question, such as avoiding specific allergens or using corticosteroids, may be helpful in managing symptoms but are not considered definitive therapies for allergies.Rate this question:
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- 7.
An individual with soy allergy has to avoid all except for:
- A.
Soy flour
- B.
Soy formula
- C.
Soy milk
- D.
Soy oil and soy lecithin
Correct Answer
D. Soy oil and soy lecithinExplanation
An individual with a soy allergy has to avoid soy flour, soy formula, and soy milk because they contain soy proteins that can trigger an allergic reaction. However, soy oil and soy lecithin are highly refined and do not contain significant amounts of soy proteins, making them safe for individuals with soy allergies to consume.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Should corn oil be avoided in individuals with corn allergy?
- A.
Yes, corn oil undergoes a combination of mechanical and solvent extractions which preserves and stabilizes the corn protein in the oil
- B.
No, corn oil undergoes a combination of mechanical and solvent extractions which denatures the corn protein
Correct Answer
B. No, corn oil undergoes a combination of mechanical and solvent extractions which denatures the corn proteinExplanation
Corn oil should not be avoided in individuals with corn allergy because the process of mechanical and solvent extractions denatures the corn protein in the oil. This means that the allergenic properties of corn protein are destroyed during the extraction process, making corn oil safe for individuals with corn allergy to consume.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All of the following are causes of short bowel syndrome EXCEPT?
- A.
Hirschsprungs
- B.
Radiation Cancer Treatment
- C.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
- D.
Gastroschisis
- E.
Volvulus
Correct Answer
B. Radiation Cancer TreatmentExplanation
Short bowel syndrome is a condition characterized by the inability of the small intestine to properly absorb nutrients and fluids. It can be caused by various factors, including Hirschsprung's disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroschisis, and volvulus. However, radiation cancer treatment is not a cause of short bowel syndrome. Radiation therapy is a treatment for cancer that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells, but it does not directly lead to short bowel syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 10.
When does small bowel adaptation begin?
- A.
Right after surgery
- B.
24 hours after surgery
- C.
1 week after surgery
- D.
2 years after surgery
Correct Answer
A. Right after surgeryExplanation
Small bowel adaptation refers to the process in which the small intestine adjusts and improves its function after surgery. This adaptation begins immediately after the surgery, as the body starts to heal and adjust to the changes made during the procedure. The small bowel undergoes various physiological changes to enhance its absorption and digestion capabilities, allowing the patient to gradually resume normal bowel function. Therefore, the correct answer is "right after surgery."Rate this question:
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- 11.
What are the 3 types of enteral nutrition in short bowel syndrome?
- A.
TPN, breastmilk and carbohydrates
- B.
Breastmilk, protein hydrolysates and amino acid based formulas
- C.
TPN, breastmilk and amino acid based formulas
- D.
Carbohydrates, protein hydrolysates, fats
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Breastmilk, protein hydrolysates and amino acid based formulasExplanation
The correct answer is breastmilk, protein hydrolysates, and amino acid-based formulas. Enteral nutrition refers to the delivery of nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract. In short bowel syndrome, where there is a significant portion of the small intestine missing or non-functional, these three types of enteral nutrition are commonly used. Breastmilk provides essential nutrients for infants, while protein hydrolysates and amino acid-based formulas are used to provide easily digestible proteins for individuals with compromised digestion. These options help ensure adequate nutrition for individuals with short bowel syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the benefit of having long chain fats in the amino acid based formula?
- A.
Calories
- B.
Essential fatty acids
- C.
Gut adaptation
- D.
Reduce the growth of small bowel bacteria
Correct Answer
C. Gut adaptationExplanation
Long chain fats in the amino acid-based formula provide the benefit of gut adaptation. Gut adaptation refers to the process by which the intestine adjusts and becomes more efficient in absorbing nutrients. The presence of long chain fats in the formula stimulates the growth and development of the intestinal lining, leading to improved absorption and digestion of nutrients. This is particularly important for individuals who may have compromised gut function or difficulties in absorbing nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Studies have shown that using an amino acid based formula will decrease the time PN is needed?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Using an amino acid-based formula has been shown in studies to decrease the duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) needed. Amino acid-based formulas are easier for the body to digest and absorb, providing essential nutrients and promoting faster recovery. This can reduce the reliance on PN, which is the intravenous administration of nutrients, and allow for a quicker transition to oral or enteral feeding. Therefore, the statement "Studies have shown that using an amino acid-based formula will decrease the time PN is needed" is true.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Survival from short bowel syndrome is better without the Ileocecal valve (ICV)?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "Survival from short bowel syndrome is better without the Ileocecal valve (ICV)" is false. The ileocecal valve plays an important role in the digestive system by regulating the flow of digested food from the small intestine to the large intestine. It helps in the absorption of nutrients and prevents the backflow of waste material. Removing the ICV can lead to complications such as bacterial overgrowth, malabsorption, and diarrhea, which can negatively impact the survival of individuals with short bowel syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 15.
All of the following are needed in regards to enteral nutrition in short bowel syndrome EXCEPT?
- A.
More human case reports
- B.
Multiple centers gathering enteral data
- C.
Another new amino acid based formula
- D.
Studies with larger numbers of participants
Correct Answer
C. Another new amino acid based formulaExplanation
Enteral nutrition is a method of providing nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract when a person is unable to consume food orally. In short bowel syndrome, where a significant portion of the small intestine is missing or non-functional, enteral nutrition plays a crucial role. The options listed in the question are all important considerations for enteral nutrition in short bowel syndrome, except for another new amino acid-based formula. This implies that there is no need for the development of a new formula, as there are already existing options available for enteral nutrition in this condition.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following shows the fat breakdown of Neocate Infant formula?
- A.
50% LCT 50% MCT
- B.
95% LCT 5% MCT
- C.
67% LCT 33% MCT
- D.
100% LCT 0% MCT
Correct Answer
B. 95% LCT 5% MCTExplanation
The correct answer is 95% LCT 5% MCT. This means that Neocate Infant formula contains 95% long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and 5% medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). LCTs are the primary type of fat found in most foods, while MCTs are a type of fat that is more easily absorbed and digested by the body. This combination of LCTs and MCTs in Neocate Infant formula helps provide a balanced source of fat for infants.Rate this question:
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- 17.
All of the following items are in the Neocate Infant starter kits EXCEPT:
- A.
Rebate coupon
- B.
Coupon for a free can of Neocate
- C.
Symptom Diary
- D.
Neocate ordering card
Correct Answer
D. Neocate ordering cardExplanation
The Neocate Infant starter kits include a rebate coupon, a coupon for a free can of Neocate, and a symptom diary. However, the Neocate ordering card is not included in the starter kits.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What is the main difference between the nutrition composition of Neocate One+ and Neocate Junior?
- A.
Neocate One+ has more protein than Neocate Junior
- B.
Neocate One+ is better for patients with multiple food allergies
- C.
Neocate Junior has extra vitamins, minerals, and protein for patients with malabsorptive conditions
- D.
Neocate Junior has extra vitamins, minerals, and fat for patients with malabsorptive conditions
Correct Answer
C. Neocate Junior has extra vitamins, minerals, and protein for patients with malabsorptive conditionsExplanation
Neocate Junior is specifically formulated for patients with malabsorptive conditions, providing them with additional vitamins, minerals, and protein to support their nutritional needs. This suggests that Neocate Junior is designed to address the specific requirements of patients with malabsorption, while Neocate One+ may not provide the same level of support in this regard.Rate this question:
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- 19.
How many calories are in one scoop of Neocate Infant?
- A.
30
- B.
22
- C.
20
- D.
24
Correct Answer
C. 20Explanation
The correct answer is 20. This indicates that there are 20 calories in one scoop of Neocate Infant.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What are the indications for the Neocate products?
- A.
Cow and soy milk allergy
- B.
Multiple food protein intolerance
- C.
Food allergy induced GERD and EE
- D.
Any condition in which an amino acid-based diet is required
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
The indications for the Neocate products include cow and soy milk allergy, multiple food protein intolerance, food allergy induced GERD and EE, and any condition in which an amino acid-based diet is required. This means that Neocate products can be used for all of these conditions, making the answer "All of the above" correct.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Neocate Nutra will only be indicated for infants when launched.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because it states that Neocate Nutra will only be indicated for infants when launched. This implies that Neocate Nutra will not be indicated for any other age group or population. However, without further information, it is not possible to determine if Neocate Nutra will be indicated for other age groups or populations after it is launched. Therefore, the statement is false as it makes a limited and unsupported claim about the indications of Neocate Nutra.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following states have mandated state legislation for amino acid-based formula coverage?
- A.
Rhode Island
- B.
Delaware
- C.
Minnesota
- D.
Washington
Correct Answer
A. Rhode IslandExplanation
Rhode Island is the correct answer because it is the only state listed that has mandated state legislation for amino acid-based formula coverage. This means that in Rhode Island, there is a law requiring insurance companies to cover the cost of amino acid-based formula for individuals who need it. The other states listed, Delaware, Minnesota, and Washington, do not have such legislation in place.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following studies can be used to promote the use of Neocate in children with a general cow milk allergy?
- A.
“Role of food protein intolerance in infants with persistent distress attributed to reflux esophagitis”
- B.
“Efficacy and safety of hydrolyzed cow milk and amino acid-derived formulas in infants with cow milk allergy”
- C.
“Challenge confirmation of late onset reactions to extensively hydrolyzed formulas in infants with multiple protein intolerance”
- D.
“Food protein-induced enterocolitis to casein hydrolysate formulas”
Correct Answer
A. “Role of food protein intolerance in infants with persistent distress attributed to reflux esopHagitis”Explanation
The study "Role of food protein intolerance in infants with persistent distress attributed to reflux esophagitis" can be used to promote the use of Neocate in children with a general cow milk allergy because it focuses on the role of food protein intolerance in infants who experience persistent distress due to reflux esophagitis. This study may provide evidence or insights into how Neocate, which is a specialized formula for cow milk allergy, can help alleviate the distress and symptoms associated with reflux esophagitis in these children.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with gastroesphageal reflux (GER)?
- A.
Crying, irritability
- B.
Regurgitation
- C.
Diarrhea
- D.
Poor feeding
Correct Answer
C. DiarrheaExplanation
Diarrhea is not typically associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). GER is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as regurgitation (bringing up food or liquid), crying, irritability, and poor feeding. Diarrhea, on the other hand, is characterized by loose or watery stools and is usually caused by infections, food intolerances, or other gastrointestinal issues. Therefore, diarrhea is not a symptom commonly seen in GER.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following signs and symptoms has been reported ONLY in GERD and not GER?
- A.
Regurgitation
- B.
Hiatal hernia
- C.
Irritability
- D.
Bloody stools
Correct Answer
B. Hiatal herniaExplanation
Hiatal hernia is the correct answer because it is a condition where the upper part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. It is commonly associated with GERD, but not with GER. Regurgitation is a symptom that can be present in both GERD and GER, while irritability and bloody stools are not specific to either condition.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The first line of treatment for both GER and GERD is amino acid based formulas, like Neocate Infant and Neocate Junior?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The first line of treatment for both GER (gastroesophageal reflux) and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is not amino acid based formulas like Neocate Infant and Neocate Junior. While these formulas may be used in some cases, the initial treatment for both conditions typically involves lifestyle changes, such as feeding modifications and positioning techniques. Medications may also be prescribed for GERD if lifestyle changes are not sufficient. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 27.
GERD and Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EE) are different in all of the following except?
- A.
Response to acid-blocking medication
- B.
PH probe findings to detect the disorder
- C.
Number of eosinophils found by scoping
- D.
Both conditions are reported in children and adults
Correct Answer
D. Both conditions are reported in children and adultsExplanation
GERD and Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EE) are different in terms of their response to acid-blocking medication, pH probe findings to detect the disorder, and the number of eosinophils found by scoping. However, both conditions are reported in both children and adults.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following remarks is NOT true of EE?
- A.
EE can be both an IgE and non-IgE mediated allergy
- B.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not a clinical sign of EE
- C.
EE has been reported more in males than females
- D.
EE is a distinct disorder of the esophagus
Correct Answer
B. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not a clinical sign of EEExplanation
EE can be both an IgE and non-IgE mediated allergy. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a clinical sign of EE. EE has been reported more in males than females. EE is a distinct disorder of the esophagus.Rate this question:
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- 29.
According to the study by Dr. Markowitz, use of an elemental diet resulted in all the following EXCEPT:
- A.
Reduced # of eosinophils
- B.
Reduced vomiting
- C.
Reduced abdominal pain
- D.
Reduced GERD symptoms
- E.
ALL of the above are results of use of elemental diets
Correct Answer
E. ALL of the above are results of use of elemental dietsExplanation
The study by Dr. Markowitz found that the use of an elemental diet resulted in reduced # of eosinophils, reduced vomiting, reduced abdominal pain, and reduced GERD symptoms. Therefore, the correct answer is that ALL of the above are results of the use of elemental diets.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is THE major issue with managing EE patients with a long term elemental diet?
- A.
Drinking all the formula
- B.
Compliance
- C.
Regular bowel movements
- D.
Sweaty feet
Correct Answer
B. ComplianceExplanation
The major issue with managing EE patients with a long term elemental diet is compliance. Compliance refers to the patient's ability to adhere to the prescribed treatment plan, including drinking all the formula as instructed. In the case of a long term elemental diet, it is crucial for patients to consistently consume the formula to provide the necessary nutrition and manage their condition effectively. Lack of compliance can lead to inadequate nutrition intake and hinder the success of the treatment.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The majority of patients with EE can go off diet within 2 years without further medical issues?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "The majority of patients with EE can go off diet within 2 years without further medical issues" is false. EE (Eosinophilic Esophagitis) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the esophagus, often triggered by certain foods. Patients with EE usually require a long-term elimination diet or medication to manage their symptoms. Going off the diet within 2 years can lead to a recurrence of symptoms and further medical issues. Therefore, it is not recommended for the majority of patients with EE to go off the diet within 2 years.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A 6 month old with cow’s milk allergy is worked up for GI allergies. The pediatrician is contacting you for a suggestion for an appropriate formula and would like a free sample. Which of the following would you suggest for this infant?
- A.
Rice milk
- B.
Goat’s milk since it has more protein than rice milk
- C.
Extensively hydrolyzed formula
- D.
Amino acid based elemental formula
Correct Answer
D. Amino acid based elemental formulaExplanation
An amino acid-based elemental formula would be the most appropriate suggestion for this infant with cow's milk allergy. This type of formula is hypoallergenic and does not contain any cow's milk protein, making it safe for infants with allergies. It is made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, and is highly digestible. This formula is often recommended for infants with severe allergies or those who do not tolerate other types of hypoallergenic formulas.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 08, 2009Quiz Created by
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