Health Policy- Subject 1
"النادي الطبي " معكم خطوة بخطوة
- 1.
- Sex ratio can be calculated by :
- A.
A) No.males/ no.population
- B.
B) No.females/ no. males
- C.
C) No.females / no.population
- D.
D) (No.males+No. females) / No.population
- E.
E) No.males / no.females
Correct Answer
E. E) No.males / no.females - 2.
- One of the following is considered one of the features of the developed countries:
- A.
A) Low crude birth rate (20-40/1000)
- B.
B) High infant mortality rate
- C.
C) Low percentage of elderly people >65
- D.
D) Low percentage of children
- E.
E) Low infant mortality rate
Correct Answer
E. E) Low infant mortality rateExplanation
Low infant mortality rate is considered one of the features of developed countries because it reflects the quality of healthcare and overall living conditions in a country. Developed countries usually have better access to healthcare facilities, advanced medical technology, and higher standards of living, which contribute to lower infant mortality rates. This indicates that infants in these countries have a higher chance of surviving their first year of life compared to infants in less developed countries.Rate this question:
- 3.
- We call the countries that have a large proportion of people in the older age groups >65 :
- A.
A) Geriatric, developing countries.
- B.
B) Graying nation, developing countries.
- C.
C) Old population, graying nation
- D.
D) Young population
- E.
E) A+B+C
Correct Answer
C. C) Old population, graying nationExplanation
The correct answer is C) Old population, graying nation. This answer accurately describes countries that have a large proportion of people in the older age groups (>65) as having an "old population" and being a "graying nation." This suggests that the country's population is aging and there is a significant increase in the number of elderly individuals.Rate this question:
- 4.
- As a result of socioeconomic development , disease pattern shifts from :
- A.
A) Communicable disease to infectious diseases
- B.
B) non- communicable disease to infectious diseases
- C.
C) communicable diseases to chronic diseases
- D.
D) infectious diseases to non- communicable disease
- E.
E) C+D
Correct Answer
E. E) C+DExplanation
Socioeconomic development can lead to changes in disease patterns. As countries develop and improve their living conditions, the prevalence of communicable diseases tends to decrease while the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases increases. This is because better sanitation, access to clean water, and improved healthcare reduce the spread of communicable diseases. At the same time, lifestyle changes associated with development, such as sedentary behavior and unhealthy diets, contribute to the rise of chronic non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Therefore, the correct answer is E) C+D, which represents the shift from communicable diseases to chronic non-communicable diseases as a result of socioeconomic development.Rate this question:
- 5.
- The main reason of health transition is :
- A.
A) Efforts to improve maternal and child health via secondary health care
- B.
B) Efforts to improve paternal and maternal health via primary health care
- C.
C) Efforts to improve maternal health only
- D.
D) Efforts to improve maternal and child health via primary health care
- E.
E) None of the above is correct
Correct Answer
D. D) Efforts to improve maternal and child health via primary health careExplanation
The main reason for health transition is efforts to improve maternal and child health via primary health care. This means that the focus is on providing healthcare services and support to mothers and children at the primary level, such as through community health centers and basic healthcare facilities. By targeting this specific population, it aims to address the health needs and challenges faced by mothers and children, leading to overall improvements in their health outcomes. This approach recognizes the importance of early intervention and preventive care in ensuring the well-being of both mothers and children.Rate this question:
- 6.
- The stage ( in DTM) that has very low birth rate and low death rate is :
- A.
A) 2
- B.
B) 3
- C.
C) 4
- D.
D) 5
- E.
E) C+D
Correct Answer
D. D) 5Explanation
Stage 5 in the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a very low birth rate and a low death rate. This stage typically occurs in highly developed countries where both birth and death rates are low due to factors such as access to healthcare, education, and economic stability. In stage 5, the population growth rate may even become negative, indicating a decline in population size. Therefore, the correct answer is D) 5.Rate this question:
- 7.
- ----------------------- countries have less infant mortality rate than ------------- countries :
- A.
A) Developing / Developed
- B.
B) Europe / Arad
- C.
C) Developed / Developing
- D.
D) Arab / Europe
- E.
E) B+C
Correct Answer
E. E) B+CExplanation
The correct answer is E) B+C. This means that both Europe and Arad countries have less infant mortality rate than developing and developed countries. This answer suggests that there are specific countries within Europe and Arad that have lower infant mortality rates compared to the overall rates in developing and developed countries.Rate this question:
- 8.
- The causes of disability and premature death in the developing countries regions, where 4/5ths of the people planet live :
- A.
A) Depression and heart diseases
- B.
B) Cancer and diabetes mellitus
- C.
C) Infectious and malnutrition
- D.
D) A+B
- E.
E) All of the above is correct
Correct Answer
E. E) All of the above is correctExplanation
The correct answer is E) All of the above is correct. This is because the developing countries regions, where 4/5ths of the people on the planet live, face a range of health challenges including depression, heart diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases, and malnutrition. These factors contribute to disability and premature death in these regions.Rate this question:
- 9.
- Health transition is :
- A.
A) Increased life expectancy
- B.
B) Reduction in death due to infection
- C.
C) Changes and transition in the world health needs
- D.
D) B+C
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
Health transition refers to the overall changes and transitions in the world health needs. It includes increased life expectancy, which means people are living longer due to advancements in healthcare and improved living conditions. It also involves a reduction in death due to infection, indicating that the spread and impact of infectious diseases have been significantly reduced. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all the options mentioned are part of health transition.Rate this question:
- 10.
- One of the following countries is in stage 4 in DTM :
- A.
A) Brazil
- B.
B) Kenya
- C.
C) Sweden
- D.
D) Japan
- E.
E) none of the above is correct
Correct Answer
D. D) JapanExplanation
Japan is the correct answer because it is in stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). Stage 4 is characterized by low birth rates, low death rates, and a stable population. Japan has a low birth rate due to factors such as a high cost of living, a focus on education and careers, and a decline in traditional family values. Additionally, Japan has a high life expectancy and a low death rate due to advancements in healthcare and a well-developed infrastructure. These factors contribute to Japan being in stage 4 of the DTM.Rate this question:
- 11.
- DTM is :
- A.
A) A model used to explain the process of transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates
- B.
B) Demographic transition model
- C.
C) A model used to explain the process of transition from low birth rates and high death rates to high birth rates and low death rates
- D.
D) A model that explains human population evolution
- E.
E) A+B+D
Correct Answer
E. E) A+B+DExplanation
The correct answer is E) A+B+D. This answer is correct because the DTM, or Demographic Transition Model, is a model used to explain the process of transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates. It also explains human population evolution. Therefore, the correct answer is a combination of options A, B, and D.Rate this question:
- 12.
- China’s one child policy implemented in :
- A.
A) 1990’s
- B.
B) 1980’s
- C.
C) 2000
- D.
D) 1880
- E.
E) None of the above is correct
Correct Answer
B. B) 1980’sExplanation
China's one child policy was implemented in the 1980s as a population control measure. The policy aimed to limit the growth of the population by allowing each couple to have only one child. This policy was enforced through strict regulations and penalties for those who violated the policy. It was later relaxed in 2015, allowing couples to have two children.Rate this question:
- 13.
- Low economically developed countries generally :
- A.
A) Had a much stepper fall in death rate
- B.
B) Had a higher birth rate in the first two stages
- C.
C) A steep fall in fertility in stage 3
- D.
D) Start with a larger population
- E.
E) All of the above is correct
Correct Answer
E. E) All of the above is correctExplanation
Low economically developed countries generally experience all of the mentioned factors. They often have a much steeper fall in death rates due to improvements in healthcare and living conditions. Additionally, they tend to have higher birth rates in the first two stages of development as a result of cultural, social, and economic factors. These countries also start with a larger population due to high birth rates and limited access to family planning. Finally, they typically experience a steep fall in fertility rates in stage 3 as they progress towards higher levels of development.Rate this question:
- 14.
- Population is :
- A.
A) A group of people who live in the same country
- B.
B) A group of individuals or items that share one or more characteristics
- C.
C) Proportion of males and females in each age group
- D.
D) Large proportion of people in the older age groups
- E.
E) None of the above is correct
Correct Answer
B. B) A group of individuals or items that share one or more characteristicsExplanation
The correct answer is B) A group of individuals or items that share one or more characteristics. This answer is correct because population refers to a collection of individuals or items that have at least one common characteristic, such as living in the same area, belonging to the same species, or sharing a particular trait. It does not necessarily have to be limited to people or a specific country.Rate this question:
- 15.
- Age and sex composition is important because it has considerable impact on :
- A.
A) Health process
- B.
B) Political process
- C.
C) Economic process
- D.
D) A+B
- E.
E) All of the above is correct
Correct Answer
E. E) All of the above is correctExplanation
The age and sex composition of a population is important because it influences various processes such as health, politics, and economics. The distribution of different age groups and genders within a population can affect the demand for healthcare services, the formulation of policies and decision-making in politics, and the labor force participation and productivity in the economy. Therefore, all of the options mentioned (health process, political process, economic process) are impacted by the age and sex composition of a population.Rate this question:
- 16.
- The institutional changes associated with cultural aspects of the health transition include:
- A.
A) raising life span
- B.
B) the increase proportion of all deaths caused by infectious
- C.
C) systematic promotion of prevention
- D.
D) health care associated with modern medicine instead of folk medicine
- E.
E) C+D
Correct Answer
E. E) C+DExplanation
The institutional changes associated with cultural aspects of the health transition include the systematic promotion of prevention and the shift from health care associated with folk medicine to health care associated with modern medicine. This means that there is a focus on preventing diseases and promoting overall health, and there is a shift from traditional healing practices to more modern medical practices.Rate this question:
- 17.
- The poorest developing countries face a burden of :
- A.
A) Communicable diseases
- B.
B) Non communicable diseases
- C.
C) Socio-behavior illness
- D.
D) Cancer and diabetes mellitus
- E.
E) All of the above is correct
Correct Answer
E. E) All of the above is correctExplanation
The correct answer is E) All of the above is correct. This means that the poorest developing countries face a burden of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, socio-behavioral illnesses, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. This suggests that these countries have a high prevalence of various health issues, which can be attributed to factors such as limited access to healthcare, poor sanitation, poverty, and lack of education.Rate this question:
- 18.
- Examples of health transition :
- A.
A) AIDS
- B.
B) Schizophrenia
- C.
C) Communicable disease
- D.
D) The burden of mental illness
- E.
E) B+D
Correct Answer
E. E) B+DExplanation
The correct answer is E) B+D. This answer is correct because it includes both Schizophrenia (option B) and the burden of mental illness (option D) as examples of health transition. Both Schizophrenia and the burden of mental illness represent shifts or changes in the health status of individuals or populations, indicating a transition from a state of good health to a state of illness or impaired well-being. Therefore, the combination of options B and D accurately represents examples of health transition.Rate this question:
- 19.
- Stage 1 of DTM has :
- A.
A) Fluctuating birth and death rates
- B.
B) Great population growth
- C.
C) Poor medical knowledge
- D.
D) A+C
- E.
E) All of the above is correct
Correct Answer
D. D) A+CExplanation
Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by fluctuating birth and death rates, as well as poor medical knowledge. During this stage, birth and death rates are high and roughly balanced, resulting in slow population growth. Additionally, limited medical knowledge and healthcare infrastructure contribute to high mortality rates. Therefore, the correct answer is D) A+C, as both fluctuating birth and death rates and poor medical knowledge are characteristics of Stage 1 of the DTM.Rate this question:
- 20.
- Reasons of changes in birth rate in stage 2 :
- A.
A) No family planning
- B.
B) Many children needed for farming
- C.
C) Many children die at early age
- D.
D) Social encouragement
- E.
E) All of the above is correct
Correct Answer
E. E) All of the above is correctExplanation
The birth rate in stage 2 can be influenced by various factors. Firstly, the lack of family planning can lead to a higher birth rate as there are no measures in place to control or limit the number of children being born. Secondly, in agricultural societies, having many children is necessary for farming as they can contribute to the labor force. Additionally, high infant mortality rates can also contribute to a higher birth rate as parents may have more children to compensate for the ones that do not survive. Lastly, social encouragement or cultural norms that value large families can also contribute to a higher birth rate. Therefore, all of the given factors can contribute to changes in birth rate in stage 2.Rate this question:
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