The Heart Practice MCQ's - The Cardiovascular System (I): The Heart
- 1.
Which mesodermal layer gives rise to the endocardial heart tubes?
- A.
Paraxial mesoderm
- B.
Somatic mesoderm
- C.
Intermediate mesoderm
- D.
Splanchnic mesoderm
- E.
Somitic mesoderm
Correct Answer
D. Splanchnic mesodermExplanation
The splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to the endocardial heart tubes. The endocardial heart tubes are the precursor of the heart and are formed during early embryonic development. The splanchnic mesoderm is one of the three layers of the mesoderm, along with the paraxial and intermediate mesoderm. It is located closest to the developing gut and plays a crucial role in the formation of various organs, including the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is splanchnic mesoderm.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which heart chamber does the right horn of the sinus venosus contribute to during development of the fetal heart?
- A.
Left atrium
- B.
Left ventricle
- C.
Right atrium
- D.
Right ventricle
- E.
Common ventricle
Correct Answer
C. Right atriumExplanation
During the development of the fetal heart, the right horn of the sinus venosus contributes to the formation of the right atrium. The sinus venosus is a part of the developing heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the veins. As the heart develops, the right horn of the sinus venosus specifically contributes to the formation of the right atrium, which is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body and pumping it into the right ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following statements concerning the aorticopulmonary septum is INCORRECT?
- A.
The aorticopulmonary septum partitions the outflow channel of the ventricles into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
- B.
The aorticopulmonary septum is largely derived from neural crest cells
- C.
The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the formation of the muscular interventricular septum
- D.
The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the formation of the membranous interventricular septum
- E.
The aorticopulmonary septum undergoes a 180o spiral
Correct Answer
C. The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the formation of the muscular interventricular septumExplanation
The aorticopulmonary septum does not contribute to the formation of the muscular interventricular septum. The muscular interventricular septum is formed by the growth and fusion of the muscular walls of the ventricles. The aorticopulmonary septum, on the other hand, separates the outflow channel of the ventricles into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A newborn infant presents with cyanotic heart disease and fails to thrive. On examination of the heart, it was revealed that the aorta arose from the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk arose from the left ventricle. What is the name given to this type of cardiac malformation?
- A.
Persistent truncus arteriosus
- B.
Transposition of the great vessels
- C.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- D.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- E.
Atrial-septal defect (ASD)
Correct Answer
B. Transposition of the great vesselsExplanation
The correct answer is transposition of the great vessels. Transposition of the great vessels is a congenital heart defect where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk arises from the left ventricle. This results in a complete reversal of the normal blood flow pattern. The condition presents with cyanotic heart disease and failure to thrive in newborn infants.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which part of the primitive heart tube gives rise to the pulmonary artery and the aorta?
- A.
Bulbus cordis
- B.
Primitive atrium
- C.
Primitive ventricle
- D.
Sinus venosus
- E.
Truncus arteriosus
Correct Answer
E. Truncus arteriosusExplanation
The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the pulmonary artery and the aorta. During embryonic development, the truncus arteriosus is a part of the primitive heart tube that eventually divides into two separate vessels, forming the pulmonary artery and the aorta. This division allows for the proper separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow in the developing cardiovascular system.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The left sinus horn becomes the
- A.
Coronary sinus.
- B.
Inferior vena cava.
- C.
Oblique vein of the right atrium.
- D.
Main inflow of the right atrium
- E.
Left sinus horn, there is no change.
Correct Answer
A. Coronary sinus.Explanation
During embryonic development, the heart undergoes several changes to form its final structure. The left sinus horn is a part of the developing heart that eventually becomes the coronary sinus. The coronary sinus is a large vein located in the posterior part of the heart that collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle itself and drains it into the right atrium. Therefore, the correct answer is the coronary sinus.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The sinus venarum is
- A.
Formed from the right auricle.
- B.
The trabeculated part of the right atrium.
- C.
Formed from tissue of the right sinus horn
- D.
Formed from the pulmonary veins.
- E.
A ridge of tissue between the original atrial wall tissue and the smooth part of the atrium
Correct Answer
C. Formed from tissue of the right sinus hornExplanation
The sinus venarum is formed from tissue of the right sinus horn. The right sinus horn is a structure that develops during embryonic development and gives rise to various parts of the heart, including the sinus venarum. This structure contributes to the formation of the right atrium, and specifically, the smooth part of the atrium. The sinus venarum is a smooth-walled area of the right atrium, located between the original atrial wall tissue and the trabeculated part of the atrium.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following statements concerning the partitioning of the atria is CORRECT?
- A.
The septum primum is thick and muscular
- B.
The septum secundum is a transient structure which degenerates by the end of the fourth week
- C.
The ostium secundum forms by apoptosis in the central part of the septum secundum
- D.
The septum primum forms the valve of the oval foramen
- E.
The ostium primum is a common atrial-septal defect
Correct Answer
D. The septum primum forms the valve of the oval foramenExplanation
The septum primum, a thin and membranous structure, forms during the partitioning of the atria and eventually contributes to the formation of the valve of the oval foramen, which plays a key role in fetal circulation. The other options are incorrect descriptions of the atrial partitioning process.Rate this question:
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- 9.
True or false? The muscular portion of the interventricular septum develops from growth of the myocardium.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The muscular portion of the interventricular septum develops from the growth of the myocardium. This means that the muscle tissue in the septum is formed through the expansion and development of the heart muscle itself. This process occurs during embryonic development and continues as the heart grows and matures. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following statements concerning the aorticopulmonary septum is INCORRECT?
- A.
The aorticopulmonary septum undergoes a 180-degree spiral
- B.
The aorticopulmonary septum is formed by fusion of conal and truncal septa
- C.
The aorticopulmonary septum partitions the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
- D.
The aorticopulmonary septum develops from splanchnic mesoderm
- E.
The aorticopulmonary septum contributes to the interventricular septum
Correct Answer
D. The aorticopulmonary septum develops from splanchnic mesodermExplanation
The aorticopulmonary septum (also called the spiral septum, ) is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crestRate this question:
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- 11.
Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to undergo the 180-degree spiral will result in
- A.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- B.
Transposition of the great vessels
- C.
Persistent truncus arteriosus
- D.
An atrial-septal defect
- E.
Pulmonary stenosis
Correct Answer
B. Transposition of the great vesselsExplanation
The failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to undergo the 180-degree spiral refers to a developmental abnormality in the heart during embryonic development. This spiral is crucial for the proper alignment of the aorta and pulmonary artery. When this spiral fails to occur, it can lead to the transposition of the great vessels. In transposition of the great vessels, the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, resulting in the aorta arising from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arising from the left ventricle. This condition disrupts the normal blood flow and requires surgical intervention shortly after birth.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following statements concerning the development of the atrioventricular valves is CORRECT?
- A.
The atrioventricular valves develop from mesenchyme derived from neural crest cells
- B.
The papillary muscles attached to the atrioventricular valves are formed from mounds of tissue called endoventricular cushions
- C.
Molding of the atrioventricular valves is caused by the normal turbulent flow of blood through the ventricles
- D.
The atrioventricular valve leaflets are derived from atrial wall tissue which invaginates into the atrioventricular canals
- E.
The atrioventricular valves form before the ventricles to provide a skeleton framework for each developing ventricle
Correct Answer
C. Molding of the atrioventricular valves is caused by the normal turbulent flow of blood through the ventriclesExplanation
The correct answer states that the molding of the atrioventricular valves is caused by the normal turbulent flow of blood through the ventricles. This means that the shape and structure of the valves are influenced by the movement and pressure of blood as it flows through the heart. This turbulent flow helps to shape and form the valves, allowing them to function properly in regulating blood flow between the atria and ventricles.Rate this question:
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- 13.
If you were a membranous interventricular septum, which of the following tissues would you NOT need?
- A.
Right sinus horn
- B.
Endocardial cushion
- C.
Neural crest cells
- D.
Muscular interventricular septum
- E.
Bulbar ridge
Correct Answer
A. Right sinus hornExplanation
right sinous horn becomes the sinous venarum of the right ATRIARate this question:
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- 14.
When does the heart start to beat?
- A.
At the end of the third week
- B.
During the tenth week once the heart is fully formed
- C.
At the end of the fourth week after looping
- D.
In the fetal period when the primitive organs mature
- E.
Immediately after birth when the baby takes the first breath
Correct Answer
A. At the end of the third week -
- 15.
The primitive heart tube develops bulges and constrictions along its anteroposterior axis. Which part of the heart tube delivers oxygenated blood to supply the embryo?
- A.
Truncus arteriosus
- B.
Sinus venosus
- C.
Primitive ventricle
- D.
Conus cordis
- E.
Primitive atrium
Correct Answer
A. Truncus arteriosusExplanation
The correct answer is Truncus arteriosus. The truncus arteriosus is a structure that forms from the primitive heart tube during embryonic development. It is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to supply the embryo.Rate this question:
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Sep 03, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Nov 02, 2011Quiz Created by
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