Hidden EP Quiz No.03

Wilson (1992) estimated that 90% habitat loss of an area results in a 50% reduction in the number of species. This suggests that when a species or sub-species faces a high risk of extinction in the immediate future, it can be classified as "Critically Endangered." This term reflects the severe threat to the survival of the species due to factors such as habitat loss. Therefore, the correct answer is "Critically Endangered Species."

Integrated Area Development refers to the sub-national development approach of the government from the mid-1970s to mid-1990s. It involves combining agricultural, industrial, and institutional activities in a mutually reinforcing manner. The goal is to foster the growth of viable market towns or mid-size cities that offer broad services and amenities. This approach aims to achieve both stability of population movement and agro-industrial growth. It is closely tied to and integrated with efficient agricultural production.

The correct answer is Bataan EPZ. This was the first export processing zone in the Philippines that became operational in 1972. Export processing zones are designated areas where companies can set up manufacturing and production facilities to export goods. Bataan EPZ played a significant role in attracting foreign investments and promoting economic growth in the Philippines.

Growth Pole refers to a phenomenon in economics where a firm, industry, or cluster of firms/industries acts as a propulsive force and encourages the development of other firms/industries that are related to it. This leads to the stimulation of prosperity in a specific locality or region through the flow of goods and services.

Land use changes, such as urbanization or deforestation, can disrupt the natural habitats of species and hinder their ability to migrate to new areas. Wildlife corridors are necessary to provide a safe and connected route for species to reach their new habitats. These corridors are typically strips of land that connect fragmented habitats, allowing animals to move between different areas without facing barriers or obstacles. By establishing wildlife corridors, we can help preserve biodiversity and promote the survival of various species.

The correct answer is cultural heritage. Cultural heritage refers to the totality of cultural properties that have been preserved and developed over time and are passed on to future generations. It includes customs, traditions, artifacts, buildings, and other aspects of a society's culture. This term encompasses the rich and diverse cultural legacy that is inherited from our ancestors and plays a crucial role in shaping our identity and understanding of the past.

The 'center-down' paradigm of neo-classical economics in the 1960s believed that the benefits of national-level or macroeconomic growth would gradually trickle down to component regions and lower-level communities. This means that as the economy grows, the benefits and prosperity would eventually reach all levels of society, starting from the top and gradually reaching the bottom. This concept suggests that economic growth at the national level would eventually lead to improvements in living standards for everyone in society.

The Philippine government has implemented various strategies to achieve 'concentrated decentralization', which aims to distribute economic growth and development across different regions. These strategies include the establishment of regional industrial centers, special economic zones, and growth corridors, triangles, and polygons. However, 'agora and agurbia' are not among these strategies. The term 'agora' refers to an ancient Greek marketplace, while 'agurbia' is not a recognized term. Therefore, the correct answer is agora and agurbia as they are not part of the Philippine government's strategies for concentrated decentralization.

The correct answer is Rizal Monument, Luneta. The memorandum circular dated Dec 16, 1973 banned the establishment of additional medium and heavy industries within a 50 kilometer radius from the Rizal Monument in Luneta. This was a measure taken to disperse industrialization away from the national capital and promote development in other areas.

A financial banking center is not considered an element of a Special Economic Zone or ecozone under PEZA. Special Economic Zones are designated areas that offer incentives and benefits to attract foreign investments and promote economic development. These zones typically include free trade zones, export processing zones, and industrial parks or estates. However, a financial banking center, while important for economic activities, is not typically categorized as a specific element of a Special Economic Zone.

The correct answer is the Least Cost Approach by Alfred Weber. This theory suggests that firms will locate their production facilities in places where they can minimize costs, particularly labor costs. In this case, the American car company is moving its manufacturing plants to China because labor costs are lower there compared to Detroit. This decision aligns with the principle of minimizing costs to maximize profits, which is the central idea behind the Least Cost Approach.

When a firm locates close to where there are large populations such as Shanghai or Tokyo, it is called "market-oriented." This means that the firm is strategically positioning itself near its target market in order to better serve and cater to the needs and demands of the customers. By being in close proximity to a large population, the firm can easily access its target market, understand their preferences, and effectively market and sell its products or services. This approach allows the firm to be more responsive and adaptable to the market dynamics and customer behavior, ultimately enhancing its competitive advantage.

Under RA 8550 Fisheries Code of 1998, if the total width of water body between two seaside municipalities is less than 30 km, each one's municipal waters is determined by using a median line on the common water body. This means that a line is drawn in the middle of the water body, dividing it equally between the two municipalities. This ensures that both municipalities have an equal share of the water body and can exercise their rights and responsibilities in managing their respective municipal waters.

Adaptive re-use is the correct answer because it aligns with the basic principle of Heritage Conservation mentioned in the question. Adaptive re-use refers to the practice of repurposing historic structures and treasures by preserving their exteriors while adapting their interiors for modern uses. This approach allows for the preservation of the historical significance and character of the structure while making it functional and relevant in the present day.

The correct answer is Balanced Agro-Industrial Development Strategy (BAIDS). This strategy refers to the national government's plan to promote a balanced development between the agriculture and industry sectors, as well as between urban and rural areas. It aims to create a mutually beneficial relationship between agriculture and industry, where agricultural products can be processed and added value can be created, leading to economic growth and development. This strategy emphasizes the importance of integrating agriculture and industry to achieve a balanced and sustainable development in both urban and rural areas.

The correct answer is "roll-on-roll-off (RORO) port". The other components mentioned - family farm school or folk school, small-scale agro-processing industries, and rural development center - are all part of the private-led "Agro-Industrial Development Area (AIDA)" scheme. This scheme aims to cluster several villages together and promote rural development through various initiatives such as education, agro-processing industries, and development centers. However, a roll-on-roll-off (RORO) port is not mentioned as one of the components of this scheme.

Presidential Decree 2146 defines 'amenity areas' as those with high aesthetic values. The provided options include outstanding landscapes, seascapes, and viewscapes, heritage sites and historic places, and municipal plazas and public parks. These options all align with the definition of amenity areas as they are locations that have high aesthetic values. However, the option "planetarium, space observatory, and science centrum" does not fit the definition as these are not typically considered to have high aesthetic values.

The correct answer is foreshore because it refers to the part of a seashore that is alternately covered by the ebb and flow of tide. It is the area between the low-water line at low tide and the upper limit of wave wash at high tide.

According to RA 7916 Sec 4, an industrial estate refers to a tract of land of at least 50 contiguous hectares which is subdivided and developed according to a comprehensive plan under a unified continuous management and with provisions for basic infrastructure and utilities, with or without pre-built standard factory buildings (SFBs). This means that an industrial estate is an area specifically designed for industrial activities, with the necessary infrastructure and utilities in place to support manufacturing and other industrial operations. It may or may not include pre-built factory buildings.

According to the information provided in the study, 30% of the coral reef cover is dead, 39% is dying, and 25% is in fair condition. The remaining percentage, which is not mentioned in the question, would be the percentage in excellent condition. Since the sum of the percentages mentioned is 94%, the percentage remaining in excellent condition would be approximately 6%. Therefore, the given answer of approximately 5% is the closest option.

The characteristic of megalopolis that describes its tendency to develop a multi-nuclei or multi-nodal spatial pattern is that it has a complex form as the 'mother city' breeds smaller offspring-cities in a sprawling manner. This means that the megalopolis consists of a central city that gives rise to several smaller cities or nodes that are interconnected and spread out across the region. This pattern of development allows for the distribution of population, resources, and economic activities throughout the megalopolis, creating a decentralized and interconnected urban network.

The correct answer is "perks and privileges for managers." This answer is the odd one out because the other variables listed - the costs of distributing and marketing finished goods, wages of labor, and the costs of transporting raw materials - are all factors that these theorists considered in their classical theories of industrial location. However, perks and privileges for managers are not typically considered as central variables in these theories.

The theory of human capital is operational in this scenario. This theory suggests that firms are attracted to locations where they can find a highly skilled and educated workforce. In this case, the IT companies in Silicon Valley are known for having a high concentration of individuals with high IQs and strong linkages with universities. The Swedish computer company is likely relocating to take advantage of the human capital available in Silicon Valley, which can contribute to the creation of state-of-the-art technologies.

According to Walter Isard, firms or industries that are indifferent to the physical attributes of geographic location are called "footloose". This means that these firms can operate profitably in various locations without being constrained by factors such as proximity to resources or markets. They have the flexibility to choose their location based on other factors such as cost, infrastructure, or labor availability. This term highlights the freedom and mobility that these firms possess in their business operations.

Magellan's Cross in Cebu is not a major Heritage Site in the Philippines as declared by UNESCO. The other options listed are all recognized by UNESCO as major Heritage Sites in the Philippines.

Under RA 8550, the extent of municipal waters of a seaside town as measured from its shoreline is 15 km. This means that the town has jurisdiction over the waters up to a distance of 15 km from its shoreline. This law grants the town the authority to manage and protect these waters, including the regulation of fishing activities and the conservation of marine resources within this area.

Regional planning is the correct answer because it involves the efficient placement of activities and land uses across a larger area, encompassing multiple cities or towns. This type of planning takes into consideration various factors such as economic development, transportation, infrastructure, and environmental conservation to ensure the balanced and sustainable development of a region. Regional planning aims to optimize the use of resources and promote coordinated growth and development in a broader geographical context.

The Northern Luzon Quadrangle should focus on 'agri-business'. This is because the question asks which 'super-region' ought to focus on 'agri-business', and the Northern Luzon Quadrangle is the only option that mentions a specific industry, which is agri-processing. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Northern Luzon Quadrangle is the correct answer.

The use of crude, traditional, or artisanal gadgets is not considered illegal or destructive forms of fishing in Philippine marine waters. These methods may refer to traditional fishing practices that have been used by local communities for generations. While they may not be as efficient or sustainable as modern fishing techniques, they are not explicitly prohibited or harmful to the marine ecosystem. On the other hand, the other options listed, such as the use of dynamites and other explosives, fine mesh nets, muro-ami, cyanide, beach seine, and bottom-scouring trawls, are all recognized as illegal and destructive fishing methods that can cause significant damage to marine habitats and species populations.

The given passage describes a situation where high-growth regions with expanding economic activity attract net migration and capital investments. This creates a cycle of positive reinforcement, where the initial growth leads to increased demand and further investments, which in turn increase incomes and demand or cause another round of investments. This concept of a self-reinforcing cycle is known as cumulative causation, which best explains the scenario described in the passage.

According to RA 10066 National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009, a "historic shrine" refers to historical sites or structures that are hallowed and revered for their history or association as declared by the National Historical Institute. This means that a historic shrine is a site or structure that holds significant historical value and is recognized and protected by the government as a cultural heritage.

A formal region is a region that is created by law regardless of natural or economic commonality. It is defined by administrative or political boundaries rather than physical or economic characteristics. This means that the boundaries of a formal region are determined by legal or governmental decisions, rather than by natural or economic factors.

The phenomenon of 'urban primacy' refers to a situation where a single metropolis in a Third World country attracts a significant portion of the country's population, resources, and investments. This concentration of power and resources can lead to polarization within the country, with the metropolis benefiting at the expense of the hinterland. Economic assets and human talent are often drawn away from the less developed areas, exacerbating inequalities and hindering overall development. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as "Manila imperialism" in the Philippines, highlighting the historical and political factors that contribute to urban primacy.

Under the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016, 'inclusive growth' refers to a development strategy that aims to benefit all segments of society, especially those who are lagging behind. It focuses on reducing inequalities and ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are shared by all, including marginalized and disadvantaged groups. This approach seeks to create opportunities and improve the well-being of all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic status.

Under the 'super-region' concept of the PGMA administration, Central Luzon as part of the Mega Manila 'Extended Urban Region' would focus on the commodity logistics chain. This means that the region would prioritize the development and improvement of the transportation, storage, and distribution of goods and products. This is important for economic growth as it ensures the efficient movement of commodities from producers to consumers, contributing to the overall development and competitiveness of the region.

The correct answer is "agropolis / agropolitan approach". The agropolis or agropolitan approach refers to a development strategy that aims to integrate urban and rural areas by promoting agricultural activities and rural development in close proximity to urban centers. This approach recognizes the interdependence between urban and rural areas and seeks to leverage the strengths of both to achieve balanced and sustainable development. By redefining the development process in this way, urban development can support rural development through investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure, while rural development can support urban development by providing a skilled workforce and access to resources. This approach helps to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas and promote inclusive and equitable development.

The correct answer is "diagonal." In the given question, it is stated that "residentiary services" refer to domestic living-related services, while "services that cut across varied types of firms" are referred to as "diagonal." The term "diagonal" is commonly used to describe something that crosses or intersects different types or categories. In this context, it is used to describe services that span across various industries or sectors, such as security, banking, insurance, and courier services.

The correct answer is Coastal Zone because according to RA 8550 Fisheries Code, the Coastal Zone is defined as a band of dry land and adjacent ocean space where terrestrial and oceanic processes and uses directly affect each other. Its geographic extent is from one kilometer from the shoreline at high tide to a seaward limit of 200 meters isobath.

The theory of comparative advantage suggests that a firm should locate its operations in a country or region where it can produce goods or services at a lower opportunity cost compared to other locations. In this case, the watch company decides to stay in Switzerland because it has a secure market niche and a proven track record in producing Rolex timepieces. This implies that Switzerland has a comparative advantage in producing luxury watches, making it the ideal location for the company despite the global economic recession and decline in demand for luxury goods.

The correct answer is growth pole/growth center. In 1970, the Presidential Advisory Council on Public Works and Community Development and the UP Institute of Environmental Planning collaborated to create the first national physical framework plan. This plan aimed to tackle spatial inequity or imbalance between regions by implementing the concept of growth pole/growth center. The growth pole/growth center strategy focuses on developing specific areas or regions as centers of economic growth and development. By concentrating resources and investments in these growth poles/centers, the plan aimed to stimulate economic development and reduce regional disparities.

A specialized industrial estate is typically focused on a specific industry or sector, such as technology or manufacturing. It aims to advance and improve the level of industrial activity within that specific area. On the other hand, a promotional industrial estate is established to attract and encourage new industries to set up operations, particularly in economically disadvantaged regions. It aims to increase the level of industrial activity and promote economic growth in those areas. Therefore, the term "promotional" best fits the description of an industrial estate meant to advance, improve, or increase the level of industrial activity particularly in poor regions.

In John Friedman's taxonomy of regions according to economic condition, 'special problem areas' refers to regions that face unique challenges or issues that hinder their economic development. These areas may have specific problems such as high unemployment rates, poverty, or lack of infrastructure. They require special attention and targeted interventions to overcome these problems and improve their economic condition.

The Sulu area is considered among the most serious hotspots in rapid coral reef destruction. This is because the Sulu Sea, located in the Sulu area, has experienced extensive coral reef degradation due to various factors such as overfishing, destructive fishing practices, pollution, and climate change. These factors have led to a significant decline in the health and biodiversity of the coral reefs in the Sulu area, making it one of the most threatened regions for coral reef destruction.

The criterion that pertains to the role of a leading center or a complex of exporting firms or lead industries is "Must contain at least one growth point." This criterion suggests that a planning region should have a specific area or center that is experiencing growth and development, which can act as a driving force for the overall economic development of the region. This growth point can be a leading center with various exporting firms or industries that contribute significantly to the region's economy.

The correct answer is Central Philippines. This region is being promoted as having the comparative advantage in tourism.

Force field analysis is not a method to delineate a region. Force field analysis is a technique used to analyze the forces that drive and restrain a particular situation or change. It is commonly used in organizational development and change management to identify the factors that support or hinder the desired outcome. In contrast, methods like gravitational analysis, factor analysis, flow analysis, ethno-linguistic and socio-cultural profiling, and weighted index number method are all used to delineate regions or analyze various aspects of a region.

The correct answer is "listing those species and products whose international trade is controlled." The Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) plays a crucial role in protecting endangered animals and plants by regulating their international trade. By listing species and products whose trade is controlled, CITES ensures that they are not overexploited or traded illegally. This helps in conserving biodiversity and preventing the extinction of endangered species.

The concept of forward linkages and backward linkages in production pertains most aptly to the given statement. This concept refers to the interconnections between different stages of production within an economy. Forward linkages involve the connection between a company's production and the subsequent stages of distribution and consumption, while backward linkages refer to the connection between a company's production and the preceding stages of inputs and supplies. In the context of the statement, promoting the preferential use of Filipino labor, domestic materials, and locally produced goods aligns with the idea of developing these linkages within the Philippine economy to make it more competitive.

According to Gunnar Myrdal, 'forward linkage' refers to the development of external economies for an industry's products. This means that it involves the establishment and growth of industries that support and provide inputs to the main industry. These auxiliary industries play a crucial role in supplying the necessary materials, components, and services needed for the production and functioning of the main industry. This development of auxiliary industries helps in enhancing the efficiency and productivity of the main industry, leading to overall economic growth and development.

The correct answer is "Develop transport corridors in 'hub and spokes design' with major infrastructure reaching out to population centers." This thrust of regional planning focuses on improving connectivity and accessibility between different population centers, promoting economic exchange and spatial integration. It involves the development of transport corridors in a hub and spokes design, with major infrastructure reaching out to population centers, allowing for easier movement of goods, services, and people. This approach aims to enhance economic growth and development in both core and peripheral regions, promoting balanced regional development.