Homeostatic Mechanisms Questions!

Explanation
The term "dynamic equilibrium" is used to describe homeostasis because it involves the body's ability to maintain internal balance within fluctuating limits. In homeostasis, different parts of the system may change, but the overall system remains constant. Therefore, all of the given statements are correct explanations for why homeostasis is also termed a dynamic equilibrium.

Explanation
When the environmental temperature increases, the body responds by erecting hairs on the body to create a layer of insulation, reducing heat loss. Additionally, the body dilates blood vessels to allow more blood flow near the surface of the skin, promoting heat dissipation. Sweating is not a response to an increased environmental temperature as it is a mechanism to cool down the body when it is overheated. Shivering, on the other hand, is a response to a decreased environmental temperature to generate heat. Therefore, the correct answer is that only A (hairs on body erect) and D (dilation of blood vessels) are correct responses to an increased environmental temperature.

Explanation
The coordinating center is the component of all homeostatic control systems that relays the information back to the appropriate regulator. It acts as a central hub, receiving input from the monitor and sensor components, and then sending signals to the regulator to initiate the necessary adjustments to maintain homeostasis. The coordinating center ensures that the feedback loop is completed and that the appropriate responses are made to maintain the body's internal balance.

Explanation
Osmoreceptors are sensory cells that detect changes in the osmotic pressure of the body's fluids. Osmotic pressure refers to the concentration of solutes in a solution, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of fluids in the body. When osmotic pressure increases, it indicates a higher concentration of solutes in the fluids, leading to a potential risk of dehydration. Osmoreceptors detect this change and trigger physiological responses to regulate water balance and maintain homeostasis. Therefore, osmotic pressure is the correct answer as it accurately describes the function of osmoreceptors.

Explanation
The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance of the body. They help regulate the levels of acids and bases in the blood by filtering out excess acids or bases and excreting them through urine. The kidneys also reabsorb bicarbonate ions, which act as a buffer to maintain the pH within a normal range. This process helps to prevent the blood from becoming too acidic or too alkaline, ensuring that the body's pH remains balanced.

Explanation
Insulin is the correct answer because it is a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. It is produced by the pancreas and helps to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. Insulin also plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.