Human Anatomy & Physiology: All About Blood 4
I created these quizzes to help me study for my A&P exams. This quiz deals with blood platelets and clotting.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
These are tiny fragments of membrane enclosed cytoplasm that are pinched off from giant cells in the bone marrow.
- A.
Erythrocytes
- B.
Lymphocytes
- C.
Monocytes
- D.
Megakaryocytes
- E.
Thrombocytes
Correct Answer
E. ThrombocytesExplanation
Thrombocytes are plateletsRate this question:
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- 2.
The main function of platelets is _____________. One way they do this is by helping to close breaks in blood vessels by sticking to the broken surfaces and they clump together.
Correct Answer
blood clottingExplanation
Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting. When there is a break in a blood vessel, platelets adhere to the damaged site and form a clump, which helps in the formation of a clot. This clotting mechanism prevents excessive bleeding and promotes the healing process. Therefore, the main function of platelets is blood clotting.Rate this question:
- 3.
These are the giant cells located in the bone marrow from which platelets derive.
- A.
Erythrocytes
- B.
Lymphocytes
- C.
Monocytes
- D.
Megakaryocytes
- E.
Thrombocytes
Correct Answer
D. MegakaryocytesExplanation
Megakaryocytes are large cells found in the bone marrow that are responsible for producing platelets. Platelets are small cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. Megakaryocytes undergo a process called thrombopoiesis, where they develop and release platelets into the bloodstream. This process is essential for maintaining normal hemostasis and preventing hemorrhage. Therefore, megakaryocytes are the correct answer because they are the giant cells in the bone marrow from which platelets derive.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Platelets release _________ which causes the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels to contract which would decrease blood loss.
- A.
Fibrinogen
- B.
Glycogen
- C.
Seratonin
- D.
Erythropoietin
- E.
Heparin
Correct Answer
C. SeratoninExplanation
Platelets release serotonin which causes the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels to contract. This vasoconstriction helps to decrease blood loss by narrowing the blood vessels and reducing the flow of blood.Rate this question:
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- 5.
When the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels contract which leads to a decrease in blood loss, it is better known as what?
Correct Answer
VasoconstrictionExplanation
Vasoconstriction refers to the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels, which results in a decrease in the diameter of the blood vessels. This narrowing of the blood vessels leads to a decrease in blood flow and can help reduce blood loss.Rate this question:
- 6.
How long (approximately) is the life span of a platelet
- A.
20 days
- B.
5 days
- C.
12 days
- D.
10 days
- E.
8 days
Correct Answer
D. 10 daysExplanation
Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in clotting and preventing excessive bleeding. They are produced in the bone marrow and have a relatively short lifespan. The correct answer of 10 days reflects the approximate duration of a platelet's life span. After this time, they are either removed by the spleen or undergo apoptosis. It is important for the body to continuously produce new platelets to maintain an adequate supply and ensure proper blood clotting.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is the fluid portion of clotted blood called?
Correct Answer
serumExplanation
This occurs when proteins involved with clotting have been removed.Rate this question:
- 8.
What are the proteins involved with clotting called?
- A.
Fibrinogen
- B.
Serum
- C.
Glycogen
- D.
Heparin
- E.
Seratonin
Correct Answer
A. FibrinogenExplanation
Fibrinogen is the correct answer because it is a protein involved in the clotting process. When there is a cut or injury, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure to stop bleeding and form a blood clot. Serum, glycogen, heparin, and serotonin are not directly involved in clotting, making them incorrect options.Rate this question:
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- 9.
_______ refers to the stoppage of bleeding. These mechanisms are most effective in controlling blood loss from _____________.
Correct Answer
Hemostasis, small vesselsExplanation
Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding. It involves a series of mechanisms that work together to control blood loss. These mechanisms are particularly effective in controlling bleeding from small vessels.Rate this question:
- 10.
The next few questions deal with Hemostasis. Put the occurances in their correct sequence.Step 1 of Hemostasis
- A.
A platelet plug forms
- B.
An arteriole or venule is severed
- C.
The blood vessel spasms
- D.
Platelets release seratonin
Correct Answer
B. An arteriole or venule is severed -
- 11.
Step 2 of Hemostasis:
- A.
A platelet plug forms
- B.
An arteriole or venule is severed
- C.
The blood vessel spasms
- D.
Platelets release seratonin
Correct Answer
D. Platelets release seratoninExplanation
During step 2 of Hemostasis, when an arteriole or venule is severed, platelets are activated and aggregate at the site of injury to form a platelet plug. This plug helps to temporarily seal the damaged blood vessel and prevent further bleeding. As part of this process, platelets release serotonin, a chemical messenger that causes vasoconstriction, or the narrowing of the blood vessel. This vasoconstriction helps to reduce blood flow to the injured area, further aiding in the formation of the platelet plug and minimizing blood loss.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Step 3 of Hemostasis:
- A.
A platelet plug forms
- B.
An arteriole or venule is severed
- C.
The blood vessel spasms
- D.
Platelets release seratonin
Correct Answer
C. The blood vessel spasmsExplanation
When an arteriole or venule is severed, the blood vessel undergoes spasms. These spasms cause the vessel walls to contract, narrowing the blood vessel and reducing blood flow. This is an important step in hemostasis as it helps to slow down the blood flow and prevent excessive bleeding. The spasms also help to bring the severed edges of the blood vessel closer together, facilitating the formation of a platelet plug. Therefore, the statement "The blood vessel spasms" is a correct explanation of step 3 of hemostasis.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Step 4 of Hemostasis
- A.
A platelet plug forms
- B.
An arteriole or venule is severed
- C.
The blood vessel spasms
- D.
Platelets release seratonin
Correct Answer
A. A platelet plug formsExplanation
When an arteriole or venule is severed, the blood vessel undergoes a spasm. This causes the smooth muscle in the vessel wall to contract, reducing blood flow. At the same time, platelets are activated and adhere to the damaged site, forming a platelet plug. This plug is composed of aggregated platelets and helps to temporarily seal the damaged vessel, preventing further blood loss. Additionally, the activated platelets release serotonin, which further enhances vasoconstriction and promotes platelet aggregation, aiding in the formation of the plug.Rate this question:
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- 14.
______________ occurs when platelets adhere to the rough surfaces of the injury and to the exposed collagen in the CT that underlies the endothelial lining of blood vessels.
Correct Answer
Platelet plug formationExplanation
Platelet plug formation occurs when platelets adhere to the rough surfaces of an injury and to the exposed collagen in the connective tissue that underlies the endothelial lining of blood vessels. This process is essential for hemostasis, as the platelets clump together to form a plug that helps to stop bleeding. The adhesion of platelets to the injured site is facilitated by the activation of platelet receptors and the release of various chemical signals. This initial step in the formation of a platelet plug is crucial in preventing excessive blood loss and initiating the healing process.Rate this question:
- 15.
When platelets contact _______ their shapes change drastically. Numerous spiny processes begin to protrude from their membranes.
Correct Answer
collagenExplanation
When platelets come into contact with collagen, their shapes undergo a drastic change. This is because collagen triggers a signaling pathway in platelets, leading to the activation of various proteins and enzymes. One of the effects of this activation is the formation of numerous spiny processes that protrude from the platelet membranes. These processes help the platelets adhere to the damaged blood vessel wall and aggregate together, forming a blood clot to stop bleeding.Rate this question:
- 16.
________ refers to platelets adhering to platelets. The platelets stick to each other at the sites of injury.
- A.
Agglutination
- B.
Coagulation
- C.
Clotting
- D.
Aggregation
- E.
Hemostasis
Correct Answer
D. AggregationExplanation
Aggregation refers to platelets adhering to platelets. When there is an injury, platelets stick together at the site of injury to form a plug, which helps in preventing further bleeding. This process is known as platelet aggregation and is an important step in hemostasis, the body's natural process of stopping bleeding.Rate this question:
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- 17.
_________ is the most effective means of hemostasis and it causes the formation of a blood clot by a series of reactions. Each one of these reactions activates the next in a chain reaction or cascade.
- A.
Aggregation
- B.
Agglutination
- C.
Coagulation
- D.
Platelet plug formation
Correct Answer
C. CoagulationExplanation
Coagulation is the most effective means of hemostasis because it causes the formation of a blood clot through a series of reactions. These reactions activate each other in a cascade, leading to the formation of a stable clot that helps to stop bleeding. Aggregation refers to the clumping together of platelets, while agglutination refers to the clumping together of red blood cells. Platelet plug formation involves the accumulation of platelets at the site of injury. However, coagulation is the process that ultimately leads to the formation of a blood clot.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A _________ is a gel consisting of insoluble fibers and trapped blood cells and platelets.
Correct Answer
blood clotExplanation
A blood clot is a gel-like substance that forms when blood cells and platelets become trapped in insoluble fibers.Rate this question:
- 19.
_______ is necessary for the function of some clotting factors.
- A.
Vitamin C
- B.
Folic Acid
- C.
Vitamin B12
- D.
Iron
- E.
Vitamin K
Correct Answer
E. Vitamin KExplanation
Vitamin K is necessary for the function of some clotting factors. It plays a crucial role in the process of blood clotting by activating proteins that help in the formation of clots. Without sufficient vitamin K, the blood would not be able to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding and potential health risks. Therefore, it is essential for the proper functioning of clotting factors.Rate this question:
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- 20.
One type of biochemical that is involved with clotting is a __________. They promote coagulation and include fibrinogen and prothombin.
Correct Answer
procoagulantExplanation
A procoagulant is a type of biochemical that plays a role in clotting. It promotes coagulation by aiding in the formation of blood clots. Examples of procoagulants include fibrinogen and prothrombin, which are essential for the clotting process to occur.Rate this question:
- 21.
Another type of biochemical that is involved with clotting is an __________. They inhibit coagulation
Correct Answer
anticoagulantExplanation
An anticoagulant is a type of biochemical that inhibits coagulation, or the process of blood clotting. It works by preventing the formation of blood clots, which can be harmful if they block blood flow to vital organs. Anticoagulants are commonly used in medical settings to treat and prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. By inhibiting coagulation, anticoagulants help maintain normal blood flow and reduce the risk of dangerous blood clots forming in the body.Rate this question:
- 22.
The basic event of coagulation is the conversion of soluble plasma protein _________ (aka _________) into insoluble threads of the protein _________.
Correct Answer
fibrinogen, Factor I, fibrinExplanation
During the process of coagulation, soluble plasma protein fibrinogen (also known as Factor I) is converted into insoluble threads of the protein fibrin. This conversion is essential for the formation of blood clots, as fibrin forms a mesh-like structure that traps platelets and other blood cells to stop bleeding.Rate this question:
- 23.
An ___________ is triggered when blood contacts damaged blood vessel walls or tissues outside blood vessels. Damaged tissue release _______________ and this initiates a series of reactions involving several clotting factors.
Correct Answer
extrinsic clotting mechanism, tissue thromboplastinExplanation
When blood comes into contact with damaged blood vessel walls or tissues outside of blood vessels, an extrinsic clotting mechanism is triggered. This mechanism is initiated by the release of tissue thromboplastin from the damaged tissue. Tissue thromboplastin then sets off a series of reactions involving various clotting factors, leading to the formation of a blood clot.Rate this question:
- 24.
__________ is associated with disrupted cell membranes and is not normally found in the blood. It is a source of __________ that provides a surface for the interaction or reaction of various clotting factors.
Correct Answer
Tissue thromboplastin, phospholipidsExplanation
Tissue thromboplastin is associated with disrupted cell membranes and is not normally found in the blood. It provides a surface for the interaction or reaction of various clotting factors. Phospholipids, on the other hand, are a source of tissue thromboplastin and contribute to the clotting process by providing a surface for the interaction of clotting factors.Rate this question:
- 25.
The next several questions will deal with clotting factors in an extrinsic clotting mechanism. Put the first 5 in the correct sequence.Step 1
- A.
Factor X is activated
- B.
Factor V is activated
- C.
Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III)
- D.
Production of the prothombin activator
- E.
Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes factor VIIa
Correct Answer
C. Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III)Explanation
In the extrinsic clotting mechanism, the first step is the release of tissue thromboplastin (Factor III) from damaged tissue. This factor then activates Factor VII, which becomes Factor VIIa. Factor X is activated after Factor VIIa. Therefore, the correct sequence is: Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III), Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes Factor VIIa, and then Factor X is activated.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Step 2
- A.
Factor X is activated
- B.
Factor V is activated
- C.
Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III)
- D.
Production of the prothombin activator
- E.
Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes factor VIIa
Correct Answer
E. Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes factor VIIaExplanation
Factor VII is activated, which in turn becomes factor VIIa. This is the correct answer because factor VII is a clotting factor that plays a crucial role in the coagulation cascade. When factor VII is activated, it undergoes a conformational change and becomes factor VIIa. Factor VIIa then acts as an enzyme to activate factor X, which is an important step in the coagulation process. Therefore, the activation of factor VII and its conversion to factor VIIa is an essential part of the clotting mechanism.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Step 3
- A.
Factor X is activated
- B.
Factor V is activated
- C.
Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III)
- D.
Production of the prothombin activator
- E.
Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes factor VIIa
Correct Answer
A. Factor X is activatedExplanation
In the given steps, it is mentioned that Factor X is activated. This implies that the coagulation cascade is progressing and reaching a crucial stage. Factor X is an important protein in the clotting process, as it plays a key role in converting prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin is necessary for the formation of fibrin, which helps in the formation of a stable blood clot. Therefore, the activation of Factor X is a significant step in the clotting process.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Step 4
- A.
Factor X is activated
- B.
Factor V is activated
- C.
Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III)
- D.
Production of the prothombin activator
- E.
Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes factor VIIa
Correct Answer
B. Factor V is activatedExplanation
Factor V is activated in the given step. This is important in the process of blood clotting as it helps in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then acts as an enzyme to convert fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure to create a blood clot. Activation of Factor V is crucial for the formation of a stable blood clot and is a key step in the coagulation cascade.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Step 5
- A.
Factor X is activated
- B.
Factor V is activated
- C.
Damaged tissue releases tissue thromboplastin (Factor III)
- D.
Production of the prothombin activator
- E.
Factor VII is activated which in turn becomes factor VIIa
Correct Answer
D. Production of the prothombin activatorExplanation
In the given steps, it is stated that Factor X is activated and Factor V is activated before the production of the prothrombin activator. This suggests that the activation of Factor X and Factor V is necessary for the production of the prothrombin activator. Therefore, the correct answer is the production of the prothrombin activator.Rate this question:
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- 30.
________ is an Alpha globulin that is normally present in plasma and is continually produced by the liver
- A.
Thrombin
- B.
Prothombin
- C.
Fibrinogen
- D.
Tissue thromboplastin
Correct Answer
B. ProthombinExplanation
Prothrombin is an alpha globulin that is continuously produced by the liver and is normally present in plasma. It plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. When a blood vessel is damaged, prothrombin is converted into its active form, thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen into fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh-like structure that helps in the formation of blood clots, preventing excessive bleeding. Therefore, prothrombin is essential for maintaining proper blood clotting and preventing hemorrhage.Rate this question:
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- 31.
In the presence of calcium ions, prothombin is converted to _______ by the action of the prothrombin activator.
Correct Answer
thrombinExplanation
In the presence of calcium ions, prothrombin is converted to thrombin by the action of the prothrombin activator. Calcium ions play a crucial role in the activation of prothrombin, which is a precursor protein. The prothrombin activator initiates a cascade of reactions that ultimately leads to the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin is an enzyme that plays a central role in the blood clotting process by converting fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like network to create a blood clot.Rate this question:
- 32.
Thrombin acts as an enzyme and causes a reaction in the molecules of _________. In this reaction these molecules are fragmented or split off. The remaining pieces join end to end forming long threads called_______. These fibers form the basic framework of a blood clot that form a meshwork that entraps blood cells and platelets.
Correct Answer
fibrinogen, fibrinExplanation
Thrombin acts as an enzyme and causes a reaction in the molecules of fibrinogen. In this reaction, these molecules are fragmented or split off. The remaining pieces join end to end forming long threads called fibrin. These fibers form the basic framework of a blood clot that forms a meshwork that entraps blood cells and platelets.Rate this question:
- 33.
The final reaction in an extrinsic clotting mechanism is ________ which when activated strengthens and stablizes the fibrin threads
Correct Answer
Factor XIIIExplanation
Factor XIII is the correct answer because it is the final reaction in the extrinsic clotting mechanism that strengthens and stabilizes the fibrin threads. Factor XIII is activated by thrombin, and it cross-links the fibrin strands, making the clot more stable and resistant to breakdown.Rate this question:
- 34.
Clot formation is an example of a __________. It is a self initiating process that is stimulatory. This means that the original action stimulates more of the same type of action.
Correct Answer
positive feedback mechanismExplanation
Clot formation is an example of a positive feedback mechanism. In this process, the initial action of clot formation stimulates more clot formation. As the clot grows, it releases chemicals that attract more platelets and clotting factors, leading to further clot formation. This positive feedback loop continues until the clot is large enough to stop bleeding.Rate this question:
- 35.
An __________ occurs in the absence of tissue damage. and the formation of the prothrombin activator is initiated by a clotting factor present in the blood itself.
Correct Answer
Intrinsic clotting mechanismExplanation
The correct answer is "Intrinsic clotting mechanism." The intrinsic clotting mechanism refers to the clotting process that occurs in the absence of tissue damage. It is initiated by a clotting factor that is already present in the blood. This mechanism is important for maintaining the balance of clotting factors in the blood and preventing excessive bleeding.Rate this question:
- 36.
_______ is activated when blood comes in contact with a foreign surgace such as collagen or when stored in a test tube.
- A.
Factor X
- B.
Hageman Factor (Factor XII)
- C.
Prothombin
- D.
Factor V
- E.
Factor XIII
Correct Answer
B. Hageman Factor (Factor XII)Explanation
Hageman Factor (Factor XII) is activated when blood comes in contact with a foreign surface such as collagen or when stored in a test tube. This factor plays a crucial role in the coagulation cascade, initiating the intrinsic pathway. It activates Factor XI, which in turn activates Factor IX, leading to the formation of thrombin and ultimately the formation of a blood clot. Activation of Hageman Factor is essential for the body's response to injury and the prevention of excessive bleeding.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Platelets contain ____________ and they contract similar to muscle fibers during clot retraction.
Correct Answer
contractile proteinsExplanation
These contractile proteins are actin and myosinRate this question:
- 38.
During clot retraction, as the platelets contract they pull on surrounding fibrin strands, squeezing _______ from the clot.
Correct Answer
serumExplanation
During clot retraction, platelets contract and exert force on the surrounding fibrin strands. This contraction causes the squeezing out of serum from the clot. Serum is the clear, cell-free fluid that remains after the removal of blood cells and clotting factors. Therefore, the correct answer is serum.Rate this question:
- 39.
The clot eventually may be destroyed by the action of ______ which is a protein-splitting enzyme which digests the fibrin threads.
Correct Answer
PlasminExplanation
Plasmin is a protein-splitting enzyme that is responsible for the digestion of fibrin threads, which are involved in blood clot formation. It breaks down the clot over time, leading to its eventual destruction.Rate this question:
- 40.
________ is a blood clot that remains stationary in a blood vessel.
Correct Answer
ThrombusExplanation
A thrombus is a blood clot that forms and remains stationary within a blood vessel. It is typically caused by the coagulation of blood in response to injury or damage to the blood vessel wall. Thrombi can partially or completely block blood flow, leading to various complications depending on the location and size of the clot. They can be dangerous if they dislodge and travel through the bloodstream, causing an embolism. Therefore, it is important to monitor and treat thrombi to prevent further complications.Rate this question:
- 41.
_______ is a clot or fragment of a clot, fatty mass, bubble of air or other debris moving in the blood vessel.
Correct Answer
EmbolusExplanation
An embolus refers to a clot or fragment of a clot, fatty mass, bubble of air, or other debris that travels through the bloodstream. It can block blood flow to vital organs, leading to serious health complications.Rate this question:
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