1.
what is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle cell?
Correct Answer
B. Endomysium
Explanation
The correct answer is Endomysium. Endomysium is the connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle cell. It provides support and protection to the muscle cell, as well as allows for the transmission of nutrients and waste products.
2.
What is a sarcomere?
Correct Answer
C. Chains of tiny contractile units
Explanation
A sarcomere is a chain of tiny contractile units. It is the basic functional unit of a muscle and is responsible for muscle contraction. Within a sarcomere, there are thick and thin filaments that slide past each other, causing the muscle to shorten and generate force. This contraction of sarcomeres allows muscles to move and perform various functions in the body.
3.
What does motor unit consist of?
Correct Answer
A. One alpHa motoneuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates.
Explanation
A motor unit consists of one alpha motoneuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. This means that a single motor neuron is responsible for activating multiple muscle fibers. When the motor neuron is stimulated, it sends electrical signals to the muscle fibers it innervates, causing them to contract. This coordinated contraction of multiple muscle fibers allows for precise and controlled movements.
4.
What is a acetylcholine?
Correct Answer
C. A chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings
Explanation
Acetylcholine is a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings. It plays a vital role in transmitting signals between nerve cells and muscle cells, allowing for muscle contraction and movement. Acetylcholine is involved in various physiological processes, including regulating heart rate, digestion, and memory. It is also targeted by certain drugs and toxins that affect nerve and muscle function.
5.
what is muscle tone?
Correct Answer
A. Sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch inputs
Explanation
Muscle tone refers to the sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch inputs. This means that even when a muscle is at rest, it still maintains a certain level of tension. This tension allows the muscle to respond quickly and efficiently to external stimuli, such as stretching or changes in position. Muscle tone is important for maintaining posture, stability, and overall muscle function.
6.
what muscle produces horizontal wrinkle of the forhead
Correct Answer
B. Frontalis
Explanation
The frontalis muscle is responsible for producing the horizontal wrinkle of the forehead. This muscle is located in the frontal region of the head and is responsible for raising the eyebrows and creating the horizontal lines on the forehead when a person expresses surprise or raises their eyebrows. It is one of the major muscles involved in facial expressions and plays a significant role in conveying emotions and non-verbal communication.
7.
While seated, which muscle is used in crossing one leg over the other?
Correct Answer
A. Sartorius
Explanation
The sartorius muscle is used when crossing one leg over the other while seated. The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the body and runs from the hip to the inside of the knee. It helps to flex and rotate the hip and knee joints, allowing for movements such as crossing one leg over the other. The frontalis muscle is located in the forehead and is responsible for raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead. The triceps brachii muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for extending the elbow joint.
8.
When flexing the forearm, which muscle acts as an antagonist?
Correct Answer
A. Triceps Brachii
Explanation
When flexing the forearm, the triceps brachii muscle acts as an antagonist. The triceps brachii is located on the back of the upper arm and is responsible for extending the forearm at the elbow joint. It works in opposition to the muscles that flex the forearm, such as the biceps brachii. As the triceps brachii contracts, it lengthens and allows for the controlled movement of the forearm during flexion.
9.
What muscle would need to be paralyzed to be unable to flex the thigh?
Correct Answer
A. Gluteus maximus
Explanation
The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for extending and externally rotating the thigh. It also assists in stabilizing the pelvis during walking and running. If the gluteus maximus is paralyzed, it would be unable to contract and therefore unable to flex the thigh. This would result in difficulty in lifting the leg or bringing the thigh towards the body.
10.
What mucsles are invovled in abducting the arm?
Correct Answer
B. Pectorlis major,latissimus dorsi and deltoid
Explanation
The correct answer is pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and deltoid. These muscles are involved in the abduction of the arm. The pectoralis major is responsible for horizontal abduction of the arm, while the latissimus dorsi and deltoid muscles assist in abduction of the arm away from the body.
11.
What muscle would need to be paralyzed to be unable to flex the knee?
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femoris and 3 vastus muscles
Explanation
The rectus femoris and the three vastus muscles are the primary muscles responsible for flexing the knee. If these muscles are paralyzed, it would result in the inability to flex the knee joint. The rectus femoris is one of the quadriceps muscles located in the front of the thigh, while the vastus muscles (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius) are also part of the quadriceps group. Paralysis of these muscles would significantly impair the ability to bend the knee.
12.
What muscles are invovled in inversion at the ankle joint?
Correct Answer
C. Pronation,abduction, dorsiflexion
13.
What makes up the central nervous system?
Correct Answer
A. Brain, spinal cord
Explanation
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. These two components play a crucial role in coordinating and controlling the body's activities. The brain is responsible for processing information, making decisions, and sending signals to the rest of the body. The spinal cord acts as a pathway for these signals to travel between the brain and the peripheral nervous system, which connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs. Together, the brain and spinal cord form the central command center of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of various bodily functions.
14.
What are the structural features of a neuron?
Correct Answer
B. Axon,cell body, dendrites
Explanation
The structural features of a neuron include the axon, cell body, and dendrites. The axon is responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron's functioning. The dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. These structural features are essential for the neuron to carry out its functions in the nervous system.
15.
What part of the neuron normally receives stimuli?
Correct Answer
A. Dendrites
Explanation
Dendrites are the part of the neuron that normally receives stimuli. They are branch-like structures that extend from the cell body of the neuron and receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. These signals are then transmitted to the cell body and eventually to the axon, which carries the signal to other neurons or target cells. Dendrites play a crucial role in the communication and integration of information within the nervous system.
16.
Define the word myelin
Correct Answer
A. Long nerve fibers and covered with whitish fatty material
Explanation
The correct answer is "long nerve fibers and covered with whitish fatty material." Myelin is a substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical signals. This fatty material gives the myelin a whitish appearance.
17.
Type of neuron that conducts faster
Correct Answer
A. Myelinated
Explanation
Myelinated neurons conduct faster than unmyelinated neurons because myelination is the process of insulating the axon with a fatty substance called myelin. This insulation allows electrical signals to be transmitted more efficiently along the axon, resulting in faster conduction of nerve impulses. Unmyelinated neurons lack this insulation, so the transmission of signals is slower.
18.
What is the substance called that is released at axonal ends to propagaate a nerve impulse?
Correct Answer
C. Neurotransmitter
Explanation
A neurotransmitter is a substance that is released at the axonal ends to propagate a nerve impulse. It is a chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse, which is the junction between two nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are essential for communication between neurons and play a crucial role in the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the nervous system.
19.
What is the name of the point where one neuron communicates with another?
Correct Answer
A. Synapse
Explanation
A synapse is the name of the point where one neuron communicates with another. It is a specialized junction between two nerve cells, where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted from one neuron to another. Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that are released at the synapse to transmit signals between neurons. The option "rthtyn" does not provide any relevant information and seems to be a typo or an incorrect answer choice.
20.
the proper sequence of a typical reflex arc
Correct Answer
A. Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron motor neuron, effector
Explanation
The proper sequence of a typical reflex arc starts with the receptor, which detects a stimulus. The sensory neuron then carries the signal from the receptor to the interneuron, which processes the information. The interneuron then relays the signal to the motor neuron, which carries the signal to the effector. The effector is the muscle or gland that responds to the stimulus.
21.
What are the three major parts of the brain stem?
Correct Answer
B. Mid brain,pons,medulla oblongata
Explanation
The three major parts of the brain stem are the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. These structures are responsible for relaying signals between the brain and the rest of the body, controlling basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and consciousness. The midbrain is involved in sensory and motor functions, while the pons helps to regulate sleep and arousal. The medulla oblongata controls vital functions like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate. Together, these three parts of the brain stem play a crucial role in maintaining overall bodily functions.
22.
What is the fucntion of the hypothalamus?
Correct Answer
C. Reugaltion of body temperature, water balance, and metabolism
Explanation
The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature, water balance, and metabolism. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by monitoring and adjusting various bodily functions. It helps control body temperature by initiating sweating or shivering responses, regulates water balance by controlling thirst and urine production, and influences metabolism by releasing hormones that affect appetite and energy expenditure. Overall, the hypothalamus is essential for maintaining the body's internal balance and ensuring proper functioning of these vital processes.
23.
What organ is the body's thermostat?
Correct Answer
A. Hypothalamus gland
Explanation
The hypothalamus gland is the body's thermostat because it plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature. It receives information from temperature receptors in the skin and internal organs, and then sends signals to various parts of the body to either conserve or release heat in order to maintain a stable internal temperature. This process is known as thermoregulation and is essential for the body to function properly.
24.
Where the gray matter located?
Correct Answer
A. Surrounding by white matter, center
Explanation
The gray matter is located surrounding by white matter in the center. This means that the gray matter is found in the central part of the brain, surrounded by white matter. Gray matter refers to the regions of the brain that contain the cell bodies of neurons, while white matter refers to the areas that consist of myelinated axons.
25.
Of what are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system subdivisions
Correct Answer
B. Autonomic neurous system
26.
Where is the pituitary located?
Correct Answer
A. At the base of the brain near the optic nerves
Explanation
The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain near the optic nerves. This positioning allows the pituitary gland to receive signals from the hypothalamus and release hormones that regulate various bodily functions. Being close to the optic nerves also enables the pituitary gland to control the production of hormones that affect vision.
27.
What is acromegaly?
Correct Answer
C. An abnormal pattern of bone and connective tissue growth charaterized by enlarged hands,feet,and face
Explanation
Acromegaly is a condition characterized by abnormal bone and connective tissue growth, resulting in the enlargement of the hands, feet, and face. This condition is caused by an overproduction of growth hormone, usually due to a benign tumor in the pituitary gland. The excessive growth hormone leads to the abnormal growth of bones and tissues, particularly in the extremities and the face. This can cause symptoms such as enlarged hands and feet, facial changes, joint pain, and thickened skin. Treatment options for acromegaly include surgery, medication, and radiation therapy.
28.
What hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation of an egg?
Correct Answer
A. Luteinizing hormone
Explanation
Luteinizing hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation of an egg. It is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle. During ovulation, the levels of luteinizing hormone surge, causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This hormone also stimulates the production of progesterone, which prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy.
29.
What is the luteinizing hormone in men called?
Correct Answer
C. Interstitial cell- stimulating hormone
Explanation
The luteinizing hormone in men is called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. This hormone is produced and released by the pituitary gland in the brain and plays a crucial role in the regulation of testosterone production in the testes. It stimulates the interstitial cells, also known as Leydig cells, in the testes to produce and release testosterone, which is essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
30.
What is a goiter?
Correct Answer
A. A enlargment of the thyroid gland
Explanation
A goiter refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as iodine deficiency, inflammation, or certain medical conditions. The enlargement of the thyroid gland can cause visible swelling in the neck area and may lead to symptoms like difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment for a goiter depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
31.
What is the white of the eye called?
Correct Answer
A. Sclera
Explanation
The white of the eye is called the sclera. It is the tough, fibrous outer layer of the eyeball that helps to maintain the shape and protect the inner structures of the eye. The sclera is easily visible and provides a contrast to the colored part of the eye, known as the iris.
32.
What portion of the eye prevents the scattering of light in the eyeball?
Correct Answer
C. Choroid
Explanation
The choroid is the portion of the eye that prevents the scattering of light in the eyeball. It is a highly pigmented layer located between the retina and the sclera. The choroid contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina, and its dark color helps to absorb excess light and prevent it from scattering within the eye. This allows for clearer vision by reducing glare and improving image sharpness.
33.
Where is the greatest visual acuity found?
Correct Answer
B. Fovea centralis
Explanation
The fovea centralis is the area of the retina that contains the highest concentration of cone cells, which are responsible for color vision and visual acuity. Therefore, the greatest visual acuity is found in the fovea centralis.
34.
the order of the parts throught which light passes as it enters the eye
Correct Answer
B. Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Explanation
The correct order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye is cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor. Light first enters the cornea, which is the transparent outer covering of the eye. It then passes through the aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens. Next, it reaches the lens, which helps to focus the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. Finally, the light passes through the vitreous humor, a gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina.
35.
What layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle?
Correct Answer
C. Myocardium
Explanation
The myocardium is the correct answer because it is the layer of the heart wall that contains cardiac muscle. The myocardium is responsible for the contraction of the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body. It is made up of thick, contractile cardiac muscle cells that work together to generate the force needed for the heart to effectively pump blood.
36.
Where are the atria located?
Correct Answer
A. The heart
Explanation
The atria are located in the heart.
37.
which blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation?
Correct Answer
A. All the blood vessels in your body
Explanation
The systemic circulation includes all the blood vessels in the body. This includes arteries, veins, and capillaries that supply oxygenated blood to the body tissues and organs, and carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is "all the blood vessels in your body".
38.
Where does the superior vena cava empty?
Correct Answer
C. All of the above
Explanation
The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart. It empties into the right atrium of the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" because both options "right atrium of the heart" and "right atrium" are correct explanations for where the superior vena cava empties.
39.
What term is used when a heart rate is substantially slower than normal
?
Correct Answer
A. Bradycardia
Explanation
Bradycardia is the term used when a heart rate is substantially slower than normal.
40.
What makes the lub dup sound in the heart?
Correct Answer
A. Av vaules and semilunar valves
Explanation
The lub dub sound in the heart is caused by the closing of the AV valves and semilunar valves. The lub sound is produced when the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral valves) close, preventing blood from flowing back into the atria. The dub sound is produced when the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) close, preventing blood from flowing back into the ventricles. These valve closures create the characteristic lub dub sound that can be heard during a heartbeat.
41.
What is the path of blood flow vessels in the vascular system?
Correct Answer
A. Tunic externa, tunic media, tunicaintima
Explanation
The correct answer is the path of blood flow vessels in the vascular system is from the tunic externa, then to the tunic media, and finally to the tunic intima.
42.
from where does the brachial vein drain blood from?
Correct Answer
C. Subclavian,verevral and interal jugular veins
Explanation
The brachial vein drains blood from the subclavian, vertebral, and internal jugular veins. This means that blood from the upper extremities, as well as the head and neck, is collected and transported through the brachial vein.
43.
Which arteries receive blood directly from the aortic arch?
Correct Answer
C. Aorta
Explanation
The aorta is the main artery that receives blood directly from the aortic arch. It is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The aortic arch is a curved part of the aorta that gives rise to several major arteries, including the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. These arteries supply blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs, respectively. Therefore, the aorta is the correct answer as it directly receives blood from the aortic arch.
44.
What is lymph?
Correct Answer
A. The watery fluid in the lympH vessels collected from the tissue spaces
Explanation
Lymph is a watery fluid that is collected from the tissue spaces by the lymph vessels. It is an important component of the immune system as it carries white blood cells and other immune cells throughout the body, helping to fight infections and remove waste products. Lymph also plays a role in maintaining fluid balance in the body by returning excess fluid from the tissues back into the bloodstream.
45.
what is the peyers patches and where arethey found?
Correct Answer
A. Are lympHoid follicles located in the wall of the small intestines
46.
Whats another name for the immune system?
Correct Answer
B. LympHatic system
Explanation
The immune system is another name for the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is responsible for protecting the body against infections and diseases. It consists of a network of vessels, lymph nodes, and organs that produce and store cells that fight off pathogens. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health and well-being.
47.
What are the parts of the nose
?
Correct Answer
B. Nostrils, nasal cavity, nasal septum
Explanation
The nose is composed of three main parts: the nostrils, nasal cavity, and nasal septum. The nostrils are the external openings of the nose that allow air to enter. The nasal cavity is a hollow space inside the nose that filters, warms, and moistens the air before it reaches the lungs. The nasal septum is a wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into two separate passages. Together, these parts work together to facilitate breathing and olfaction.
48.
By what is the nasal cavity separted from the oral cavity?
Correct Answer
C. The hard&soft palate
Explanation
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the hard and soft palate. The hard palate is the bony structure located at the roof of the mouth, while the soft palate is the muscular tissue that extends from the back of the hard palate. Together, they form a barrier between the nasal and oral cavities, preventing food and liquids from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.
49.
Where is the location of the auditory tubes?
Correct Answer
B. Middle ear to the pHarynx
Explanation
The location of the auditory tubes is from the middle ear to the pharynx. The auditory tubes, also known as Eustachian tubes, connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. These tubes are responsible for equalizing the pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment, allowing for proper hearing and preventing damage to the eardrum.
50.
Whats another name for adeniods?
Correct Answer
A. pHaryngeal tonsil
Explanation
Another name for adenoids is pharyngeal tonsil.