Human A&p 2 - Endocrine System
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A hormone is a chemical messenger released by cells in order to ______________________________. Hormones are either _________ __________ based or _______________.
Explanation
Hormones are chemical messengers released by cells in order to regulate cell metabolism. They can be classified into two types: amino acid-based hormones and steroidal hormones. Amino acid-based hormones are derived from amino acids, while steroidal hormones are derived from cholesterol. Both types of hormones play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating various physiological processes in the body.Rate this question:
- 2.
The endocrine glands are _______ _______ _______ _______ and _______.
Explanation
The correct answer lists the names of the endocrine glands, which are the adrenal gland, pituitary gland, pineal gland, parathyroid gland, and thyroid gland. These glands are responsible for producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis.Rate this question:
- 3.
The Neuroendocrine Gland is the ___________
Explanation
The hypothalamus is known as the neuroendocrine gland because it plays a crucial role in regulating both the nervous system and the endocrine system. It produces and releases various hormones that control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates many other glands in the body. The hypothalamus also helps maintain homeostasis by controlling body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep. Therefore, it is the correct answer for the neuroendocrine gland.Rate this question:
- 4.
Features of the Endocrine system
- A.
Highly Vascularized
- B.
Stores Hormones from surrounding tissue fluid
- C.
Releases Hormones into surrounding tissue fluid
- D.
Ductless
- E.
Ducts
- F.
Little Vascularization
Correct Answer(s)
A. Highly Vascularized
C. Releases Hormones into surrounding tissue fluid
D. DuctlessExplanation
The endocrine system is highly vascularized, meaning it has a rich blood supply. This is important because hormones produced by the endocrine glands need to be transported throughout the body via the bloodstream. Additionally, the endocrine system releases hormones directly into the surrounding tissue fluid, allowing them to easily diffuse into the bloodstream and reach their target cells. The endocrine system is ductless, meaning that it does not have ducts to transport hormones. Instead, hormones are released directly into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Organs containing endocrine tissue
- A.
Pancreas
- B.
Kidneys
- C.
Stomach
- D.
Placenta
- E.
Ovaries and Testes
- F.
Brain
Correct Answer(s)
A. Pancreas
D. Placenta
E. Ovaries and TestesExplanation
The correct answer includes the pancreas, placenta, and ovaries and testes. These organs contain endocrine tissue, which means they produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream. The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. The placenta produces hormones to support pregnancy. The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, while the testes produce testosterone. These hormones play crucial roles in reproductive and overall health. The other organs listed, such as the kidneys, stomach, and brain, do not primarily function as endocrine organs.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A hormone regulates cell metabolism by:
- changing membrane __________ through ion channels
- Stimulating _________ _________
- Activating and Deactivating __________
- Induce _______ of molecules from cells
- Stimulate ___________
Correct Answer(s)
permeability protein synthesis enzymes secretion mitosisExplanation
Hormones can regulate cell metabolism by changing membrane permeability through ion channels, stimulating protein synthesis, activating and deactivating enzymes, inducing secretion of molecules from cells, and stimulating mitosis.Rate this question:
- 7.
Mechanism of Steroid Hormones (and thyroid hormones):
- Diffuse easily across plasma membrane
- Binds to an ___________ _________
- Homone-receptor complex moves into __________ and binds with _______ (this stimulates _________)
- _______ moves to cytoplasm where it is translated to a _________
Correct Answer(s)
intracellular receptor, nucleus, HRE, transcription, mRNA, protenExplanation
Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are able to diffuse easily across the plasma membrane. Once inside the cell, they bind to an intracellular receptor. This hormone-receptor complex then moves into the nucleus and binds with hormone response elements (HREs) on the DNA. This binding stimulates the transcription of specific genes, resulting in the production of mRNA. The mRNA then moves to the cytoplasm where it is translated to a protein.Rate this question:
- 8.
Response of Target Cells depends on:
- A.
Affinity between hormone and receptor
- B.
Metabolism of particular individual
- C.
Number of receptors on a target cell
- D.
Size/shape of receptors on a target cell
- E.
Blood level of the hormone
- F.
Blood pressure/blood volume
Correct Answer(s)
A. Affinity between hormone and receptor
C. Number of receptors on a target cell
E. Blood level of the hormoneExplanation
The response of target cells depends on the affinity between the hormone and receptor, the number of receptors on a target cell, and the blood level of the hormone. Affinity refers to the strength of the bond between the hormone and receptor, which determines how well they can interact and initiate a response. The number of receptors on a target cell affects the sensitivity and responsiveness of the cell to the hormone. The blood level of the hormone determines the availability and concentration of the hormone for binding to receptors and initiating a response.Rate this question:
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- 9.
When the number of receptors on a target cell increases this is called ______ ________
Correct Answer(s)
up regulationExplanation
Up regulation refers to the increase in the number of receptors on a target cell. This process occurs in response to a decrease in the concentration of a signaling molecule or hormone in the body. By increasing the number of receptors, the target cell becomes more sensitive to the signaling molecule, allowing for a stronger response. Up regulation is a regulatory mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis in the body.Rate this question:
- 10.
When the number of receptors on a target cell decreases this is called ________ _________
Correct Answer(s)
down regulationExplanation
Down regulation refers to the decrease in the number of receptors on a target cell. This process occurs in response to a prolonged exposure to a high concentration of a signaling molecule. The decrease in receptors reduces the cell's sensitivity to the signaling molecule, resulting in a decreased cellular response. Down regulation is an important regulatory mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis and prevent overstimulation of cells.Rate this question:
- 11.
The Pituitary Gland is also called the
- A.
Hypopitus
- B.
Hypophysis
- C.
Hypothesus
- D.
Hypoxitis
Correct Answer
B. HypopHysisExplanation
The correct answer is Hypophysis. The Pituitary Gland is commonly known as the Hypophysis. It is a small gland located at the base of the brain and is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. The Pituitary Gland produces and releases hormones that control the activities of other endocrine glands in the body, influencing growth, metabolism, reproduction, and many other essential processes.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The pituitary gland secretes __ major hormones:
- A.
5
- B.
7
- C.
9
- D.
11
Correct Answer
C. 9Explanation
The pituitary gland secretes 9 major hormones.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the
- A.
Infundamentium
- B.
Infundulobe
- C.
Infundibulum
- D.
Infundialum
Correct Answer
C. InfundibulumExplanation
The correct answer is "Infundibulum." The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus through a stalk-like structure called the infundibulum. The infundibulum acts as a bridge between the two structures, allowing for communication and the transfer of hormones.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The Posterior Pituitary Gland
- A.
Secretes Hormones
- B.
Stores Hormones
- C.
Is endocrine tissue
- D.
Is neural tissue
- E.
Makes its own hormones
- F.
Releases hormones made in the hypothalamus
Correct Answer(s)
B. Stores Hormones
D. Is neural tissue
F. Releases hormones made in the hypothalamusExplanation
The posterior pituitary gland stores hormones and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus. It is neural tissue because it is an extension of the hypothalamus and is composed of nerve fibers. However, it does not make its own hormones, as the hormones it releases are produced by the hypothalamus.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Oxytocin
- A.
Produced in the posterior pituitary (hypothalamus)
- B.
Produced in the anterior pituitary
- C.
Produced in the thyroid
- D.
Produced in the parathyroid
- E.
Releases during dehydration
- F.
Releases during stress
- G.
Releases during child birth
- H.
Releases in nursing mothers
- I.
Stimulates growth
- J.
Stimulates uterine contractions
- K.
Stimulates adrenaline production
- L.
Stimulates milk ejection
- M.
Stimulates salivation
Correct Answer(s)
A. Produced in the posterior pituitary (hypothalamus)
G. Releases during child birth
H. Releases in nursing mothers
J. Stimulates uterine contractions
L. Stimulates milk ejectionExplanation
Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced in the posterior pituitary, which is a part of the hypothalamus in the brain. It is released during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions and facilitate the birthing process. Oxytocin also plays a role in breastfeeding, as it is released in nursing mothers to stimulate milk ejection. Therefore, the correct answer includes that oxytocin is produced in the posterior pituitary, releases during childbirth, releases in nursing mothers, stimulates uterine contractions, and stimulates milk ejection.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Anti diuretic Hormone (ADH)
- A.
Produced in the paraventricular nucleus
- B.
Produced in the posterior pituitary gland
- C.
Produced in the pancreas
- D.
Produced in the ovaries
- E.
Prevents urine formation
- F.
Prevents dehydration
- G.
Prevents testosterone formation
Correct Answer(s)
B. Produced in the posterior pituitary gland
E. Prevents urine formation
F. Prevents dehydrationExplanation
ADH, also known as vasopressin, is a hormone produced in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body by preventing excessive urine formation, thus preventing dehydration.Rate this question:
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- 17.
If blood becomes too concentrated, _______ goes to the kidney tubules and causes water to be reabsorbed and less urine is produced.
Correct Answer(s)
ADHExplanation
When blood becomes too concentrated, the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is released. ADH acts on the kidney tubules, causing them to reabsorb water from the urine back into the bloodstream. This process helps to dilute the blood and maintain its normal concentration. As a result, less urine is produced and the body retains more water.Rate this question:
- 18.
Alcohol is a ______ and it inhibits ______ secretion causing and increase in ______ output.
Correct Answer(s)
diuretic, ADH, urineExplanation
Alcohol is classified as a diuretic, meaning it increases urine production. It achieves this by inhibiting the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, so when its secretion is inhibited, more water is excreted in the urine. Therefore, alcohol consumption leads to an increase in urine output.Rate this question:
- 19.
ADH Deficiency leads to Diabetes Insipidus
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) deficiency can lead to diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination. ADH is responsible for regulating the body's water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. When there is a deficiency of ADH, the kidneys are unable to properly reabsorb water, leading to the production of large volumes of dilute urine and increased thirst. This condition is known as diabetes insipidus, which is different from diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2 diabetes). Therefore, the given statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The anterior pituitary
- A.
Stores hormones
- B.
Releases hormones
Correct Answer
B. Releases hormonesExplanation
The anterior pituitary is a gland located in the brain that is responsible for releasing hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Therefore, the correct answer is "releases hormones."Rate this question:
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- 21.
The anterior pituitary is glandular and has no neural connection to the hypothalamus
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The anterior pituitary is a glandular organ located at the base of the brain, and it is not directly connected to the hypothalamus through neural connections. Instead, the hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary through a hormonal pathway. The hypothalamus releases hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel to the anterior pituitary and stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Therefore, the statement that the anterior pituitary has no neural connection to the hypothalamus is true.Rate this question:
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- 22.
In the Anterior Pituitary gland, the Hypophyseal Portal System carries _______ and ______ hormones from the ventral hypothalamus to the _________
Correct Answer
releasing inhibiting adenohypophysisExplanation
The Hypophyseal Portal System carries releasing and inhibiting hormones from the ventral hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis in the Anterior Pituitary gland. These releasing and inhibiting hormones regulate the secretion of various hormones by the adenohypophysis, thereby controlling the overall endocrine function of the body.Rate this question:
- 23.
Anterior Pituitary Hormones:
- A.
Six major hormones
- B.
Nine major hormones
- C.
Five major hormones
- D.
All hormones are Trophic
- E.
All hormones are protein
- F.
All hormones are steroidal
- G.
Four hormones are trophic
- H.
Four hormones are protein
- I.
Four hormones are steroidal
Correct Answer(s)
A. Six major hormones
E. All hormones are protein
G. Four hormones are tropHicExplanation
The correct answer is "six major hormones, all hormones are protein, four hormones are trophic." The anterior pituitary gland secretes six major hormones: growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL). All hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland are proteins. Additionally, four of these hormones (ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH) are considered trophic hormones as they stimulate the secretion of other hormones by their target glands.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A Trophic hormone
- A.
Is the final hormone
- B.
Is the starter hormone
- C.
Tells the body how to make the final hormone
- D.
Tells the body how to make the starter hormone
Correct Answer
C. Tells the body how to make the final hormoneExplanation
This answer suggests that a trophic hormone is responsible for instructing the body on how to produce the final hormone. In other words, it acts as a signal or guide for the body to synthesize and release the final hormone.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The four Trophic hormones in the Anterior pituitary
- A.
GH
- B.
TSH
- C.
ACTH
- D.
Prolactin
- E.
FSH
- F.
LH
Correct Answer(s)
B. TSH
C. ACTH
E. FSH
F. LHExplanation
The four trophic hormones in the anterior pituitary are TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and LH (luteinizing hormone). TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol, which helps the body respond to stress. FSH and LH are involved in the regulation of reproductive processes, such as the development of eggs in females and the production of testosterone in males.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Produced by Anterior Pituitary. Major target is Bones and Skeletal Muscle. Nontrophic.
- A.
TSH
- B.
ACTH
- C.
LH
- D.
GH
Correct Answer
D. GHExplanation
GH stands for Growth Hormone and is produced by the Anterior Pituitary gland. Its major target is Bones and Skeletal Muscle. GH is a nontrophic hormone, meaning it does not directly stimulate growth in its target tissues but instead promotes the secretion of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) which are responsible for growth.Rate this question:
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- 27.
TSH stands for ____________
Correct Answer
thyroid stimulating hormoneExplanation
TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone. This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the production and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. TSH stimulates the growth and function of the thyroid gland, ensuring that it produces an adequate amount of thyroid hormones to maintain overall metabolic balance in the body.Rate this question:
- 28.
Release of TSH from the ____________ gland is triggered by release of ______ ( ________________ ) from the _________
Correct Answer
anterior pituitary TRH Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone hypothalamusExplanation
The release of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary gland is triggered by the release of TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) from the hypothalamus.Rate this question:
- 29.
______ and ______ both inhibit TSH secretion as a negative feedback mechanism
- A.
FSH
- B.
TH
- C.
Prolactin
- D.
GH
- E.
Somatostatin
Correct Answer(s)
B. TH
E. SomatostatinExplanation
Thyroid hormone (TH) and somatostatin both inhibit TSH secretion as a negative feedback mechanism. TH is produced by the thyroid gland and acts on the pituitary gland to suppress the release of TSH. This helps regulate the levels of TH in the body. Somatostatin, which is produced by the hypothalamus, also inhibits TSH secretion by acting on the pituitary gland. Together, TH and somatostatin play a role in maintaining the balance of thyroid hormone production and secretion in the body.Rate this question:
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- 30.
_______ stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones
Correct Answer(s)
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
ACTH
Adrenocorticotrophic HormoneExplanation
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones. ACTH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that acts on the adrenal cortex to promote the synthesis and release of corticosteroid hormones, such as cortisol. These hormones play important roles in regulating metabolism, immune function, and stress response in the body.Rate this question:
- 31.
_____ -> ACTH -> _______ -> _________
Correct Answer(s)
CRH adrenal gland corticosteroidExplanation
The given answer correctly fills in the blanks in the sequence. CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) is released by the hypothalamus, which then stimulates the release of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the pituitary gland. ACTH then stimulates the adrenal gland to produce corticosteroids, which are a type of hormone that helps regulate various bodily functions. Therefore, the correct sequence is CRH - ACTH - adrenal gland - corticosteroid.Rate this question:
- 32.
______ -> TSH -> ______ -> ________
Correct Answer(s)
TRH thyroid gland t3 t4Explanation
The given sequence represents the pathway of hormone production in the body. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to produce T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which are important hormones involved in regulating metabolism and growth. Therefore, the correct answer is TRH thyroid gland T3 T4.Rate this question:
- 33.
_____ + _____ = Gonadotrophins
- A.
PRH
- B.
LH
- C.
ACTH
- D.
FSH
- E.
CRH
- F.
GNH
Correct Answer(s)
B. LH
D. FSHExplanation
Gonadotrophins are hormones that stimulate the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males). LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) are both types of gonadotrophins. LH is responsible for triggering ovulation and the production of testosterone in males, while FSH stimulates the growth and development of follicles in females and sperm production in males. Therefore, the combination of LH and FSH is required for the production of gonadotrophins.Rate this question:
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- 34.
______ -> FSH+LH -> ______ -> ________
Correct Answer(s)
GnRH testes testosteroneExplanation
The given sequence represents the hormonal pathway involved in the production of testosterone. GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) stimulates the release of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the pituitary gland. FSH and LH then act on the testes to stimulate the production of testosterone, which is the end product of this pathway.Rate this question:
- 35.
Prolactin's release is stimulated by _______ from the hypothalamus. Release is inhibited by _______ which is also known as dopamine. In females it stimulates __________. In males it enhances _________ production.
Correct Answer(s)
PRH PIH milk production testosteroneExplanation
Prolactin's release is stimulated by PRH (prolactin-releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus. Release is inhibited by PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone), which is also known as dopamine. In females, prolactin stimulates milk production. In males, it enhances testosterone production.Rate this question:
- 36.
________ gland is located in the anterior trachea just below the larynx.
Correct Answer(s)
ThyroidExplanation
The thyroid gland is located in the anterior trachea just below the larynx. It is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development in the body. The placement of the thyroid gland in this specific location allows it to have direct access to the trachea and larynx, enabling it to efficiently release its hormones into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.Rate this question:
- 37.
______ Gland is the largest pure endocrine gland in the body.
- A.
Adrenal
- B.
Pituitary
- C.
Pineal
- D.
Parathyroid
- E.
Thyroid
Correct Answer
E. ThyroidExplanation
The thyroid gland is the largest pure endocrine gland in the body. It is responsible for producing and releasing thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and energy levels in the body. The adrenal gland, pituitary gland, pineal gland, and parathyroid gland also produce hormones, but they are either smaller in size or have additional functions beyond purely endocrine functions. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.Rate this question:
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- 38.
______ Gland is unique in its ability to store hormone extracellularly
- A.
Adrenal
- B.
Pituitary
- C.
Pineal
- D.
Parathyroid
- E.
Thyroid
Correct Answer
E. ThyroidExplanation
The correct answer is Thyroid. The thyroid gland is unique in its ability to store hormone extracellularly. It stores a large amount of thyroid hormone in the form of thyroglobulin, which is stored extracellularly in the colloid of the thyroid follicles. When needed, this stored hormone is released into the bloodstream. The adrenal, pituitary, pineal, and parathyroid glands do not store hormones in the same way as the thyroid gland.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Parafoliicular Cells in the Thyroid produce _____
- A.
TSH
- B.
TRH
- C.
Prolactin
- D.
Calcitonin
Correct Answer
D. CalcitoninExplanation
Parafollicular cells in the thyroid produce calcitonin. Calcitonin is a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue and releasing calcium into the bloodstream. By reducing the activity of osteoclasts, calcitonin helps to lower blood calcium levels. This hormone is produced and released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, which are located in the thyroid gland.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The Body's major metabolic hormone that affects almost every cell in the body
- A.
GH
- B.
Calcitonin
- C.
TH
- D.
PTH
Correct Answer
C. THExplanation
TH refers to thyroid hormone, which is the body's major metabolic hormone. It is produced by the thyroid gland and affects almost every cell in the body. Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It helps to control the rate at which the body uses energy, influences protein synthesis, and affects the function of various organs and tissues. Therefore, TH is the correct answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 41.
_______ increases the body's use of glucose and increases metabolic rate of cells
Correct Answer
THExplanation
TH refers to thyroid hormone, specifically thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are produced by the thyroid gland and play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. When TH levels are high, it increases the body's use of glucose and enhances the metabolic rate of cells. This means that more glucose is broken down for energy, and cellular processes occur at a faster pace. Overall, TH helps to maintain energy balance and regulate various physiological functions in the body.Rate this question:
- 42.
Myxedema
- A.
A missing thyroid
- B.
Defective Thyroid
- C.
Pituitary glands failure to stimulate the thyroid
- D.
Inflammation of the thyroid
- E.
TSH or TRH too low
- F.
Inadequate Iodine
Correct Answer(s)
B. Defective Thyroid
E. TSH or TRH too low
F. Inadequate IodineExplanation
Myxedema is a condition that occurs due to a combination of factors including a defective thyroid, low levels of TSH or TRH, and inadequate iodine. The defective thyroid is unable to produce enough thyroid hormones, which leads to a decrease in TSH or TRH levels. Inadequate iodine intake further exacerbates the problem as iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. Together, these factors contribute to the development of myxedema.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Causes include:
- a missing or abnormally developed thyroid gland
- pituitary gland's failure to stimulate the thyroid
- defective or abnormal formation of thyroid hormone
- A.
Cretinism
- B.
Myxedema
- C.
Graves Disease
- D.
Pagets Disease
Correct Answer
A. CretinismExplanation
Cretinism is a condition that occurs due to a missing or abnormally developed thyroid gland, pituitary gland's failure to stimulate the thyroid, or defective or abnormal formation of thyroid hormone. This leads to a deficiency of thyroid hormone in the body, which can cause severe mental and physical retardation in infants and children. The correct answer, Cretinism, aligns with the causes mentioned in the explanation.Rate this question:
- 44.
Cretinism Symptoms:
- A.
Mental retardation
- B.
Puffy face
- C.
Lethargy
- D.
Sweating
- E.
Thick, protruding tongue
- F.
Goiter
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mental retardation
B. Puffy face
E. Thick, protruding tongueExplanation
The correct answer is mental retardation, puffy face, and thick, protruding tongue. Cretinism is a condition that occurs when there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones during fetal development or infancy. This deficiency can lead to various symptoms, including mental retardation, which is characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive skills. The puffy face is caused by the accumulation of fluid, while the thick, protruding tongue is a result of abnormal growth. These symptoms are commonly associated with cretinism.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Myxedema Symptoms:
- A.
Excessive sweating
- B.
Lethargy
- C.
Mental retardation
- D.
Puffy face
- E.
Goiter
- F.
Cold
Correct Answer(s)
B. Lethargy
E. Goiter
F. ColdExplanation
The given symptoms, lethargy, goiter, and feeling cold, are indicative of myxedema. Myxedema is a condition caused by severe hypothyroidism, which occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Lethargy refers to extreme fatigue and lack of energy, which is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, often seen in cases of hypothyroidism. Feeling cold is also a symptom of hypothyroidism, as the lack of thyroid hormone can affect the body's ability to regulate temperature.Rate this question:
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- 46.
An autoimmune disease where abnormal antibodies mimic TSH so blood TH levels are high.
- A.
Paget's Disease
- B.
Myxedema
- C.
Cretinism
- D.
Graves Disease
Correct Answer
D. Graves DiseaseExplanation
Graves Disease is the correct answer because it is an autoimmune disease where abnormal antibodies mimic thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leading to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. This results in high levels of blood thyroid hormone (TH), causing symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and bulging eyes. Paget's Disease is a bone disorder, myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism, and cretinism is a congenital form of hypothyroidism, none of which involve high TH levels.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer
graves diseaseExplanation
Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones. This results in symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and tremors. Other causes of hyperthyroidism include toxic multinodular goiter and toxic adenoma, but Graves disease accounts for the majority of cases.Rate this question:
- 48.
Hyperthyroidism
- A.
Excessive sweating
- B.
Weight loss
- C.
Cold
- D.
Puffy face
- E.
Lethargy
- F.
Nervousness
- G.
Goiter
Correct Answer(s)
A. Excessive sweating
B. Weight loss
F. NervousnessExplanation
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of thyroid hormone. This can lead to various symptoms, including excessive sweating, weight loss, and nervousness. Excessive sweating occurs because the body's metabolism is increased, causing the body to produce more heat. Weight loss is a common symptom due to the increased metabolic rate, which leads to the burning of more calories. Nervousness can occur as a result of the increased stimulation of the nervous system by the excess thyroid hormone. These symptoms are characteristic of hyperthyroidism and can help in diagnosing the condition.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Calcitonin is used to treat
- A.
Myxedema
- B.
Paget's Disease
- C.
Graves Disease
- D.
Cretinism
Correct Answer
B. Paget's DiseaseExplanation
Calcitonin is a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It inhibits bone breakdown by decreasing the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Paget's disease is a condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened and deformed bones. Calcitonin can be used as a treatment for Paget's disease to help slow down the excessive bone turnover and reduce bone pain. It is not commonly used for the other conditions listed, such as myxedema (severe hypothyroidism), Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism), or cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism).Rate this question:
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- 50.
_____ is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
- A.
T3
- B.
T4
- C.
Calcitonin
Correct Answer
C. CalcitoninExplanation
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It helps to regulate calcium levels in the body by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down bone tissue. This hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health and preventing excessive calcium release into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 28, 2013Quiz Created by
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Endocrine System Practice Test Questions and Answers
Endocrine System Practice Test Questions and Answers
A Quick Practice Test Quiz On The Endocrine System!
A Quick Practice Test Quiz On The Endocrine System!
Endocrine System Disorders | Diabetes Mellitus | NCLEX Quiz 104
Endocrine System Disorders | Diabetes Mellitus | NCLEX Quiz 104
Endocrine System Disorders | Diabetes Mellitus | NCLEX Quiz 103
Endocrine System Disorders | Diabetes Mellitus | NCLEX Quiz 103
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