1.
Gas molecules move in __________ motion within a closed space:
Correct Answer
C. Random
Explanation
Gas molecules move in random motion within a closed space because they constantly collide with each other and the walls of the container. These collisions cause the molecules to change direction and speed, resulting in their random movement throughout the space. This random motion is a characteristic behavior of gas particles and is responsible for their ability to fill the entire volume of the container.
2.
Which of the gas laws explains why a diver’s tissues take up nitrogen during a dive?
Correct Answer
A. Henry’s
Explanation
Henry's law explains why a diver's tissues take up nitrogen during a dive. According to Henry's law, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid. As the diver descends deeper into the water, the pressure increases, causing nitrogen gas to dissolve into the diver's tissues. This is known as nitrogen narcosis, and it can have harmful effects on the diver if not managed properly.
3.
The double layer of tissue surrounding each lung, and lining the inside of the chest cavity is called the __________.
Correct Answer
B. Pleura
Explanation
The double layer of tissue surrounding each lung and lining the inside of the chest cavity is called the pleura. The pleura helps to protect and cushion the lungs, as well as facilitate their movement during breathing. It consists of two layers: the visceral pleura, which is directly attached to the lung surface, and the parietal pleura, which lines the chest wall and diaphragm. The space between these two layers is called the pleural cavity and contains a small amount of fluid, which helps to reduce friction during lung movement.
4.
Hyperbaric oxygen is an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of decompression sickness due to which of the following mechanisms?
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.
Explanation
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective in treating decompression sickness through multiple mechanisms. Firstly, it increases the counter-diffusion gradient at the blood-bubble interface, facilitating the elimination of nitrogen bubbles from the body. Secondly, it oxygenates hypoxic tissues, providing them with the necessary oxygen to recover and heal. Lastly, hyperbaric oxygen therapy helps in reducing gas bubbles, further alleviating the symptoms of decompression sickness. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."
5.
The hyperoxygenation effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy cease
immediately upon completion of hyperbaric chamber decompression.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The hyperoxygenation effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy do not cease immediately upon completion of hyperbaric chamber decompression. This is because the increased oxygen levels in the body continue to have a positive impact even after the therapy session is over. The effects can last for several hours or even days, depending on the individual and the specific condition being treated.
6.
Hyperbaric oxygen is an approved therapy for all of the following except:
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxide poisoning
Explanation
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber, which increases the amount of oxygen in the blood and promotes healing. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as clostridial gas gangrene, selected non-healing wounds, and osteoradionecrosis. However, it is not approved for the treatment of carbon dioxide poisoning. Carbon dioxide poisoning occurs when there is an excessive buildup of carbon dioxide in the body, and it is typically treated by addressing the underlying cause and improving ventilation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not effective in removing carbon dioxide from the body.
7.
During the latter stages of a hyperbaric oxygen procedure in a multiplace chamber, the inside attendant notices intermittent twitching around the corners of a patient’s mouth. Appropriate immediate action is to:
Correct Answer
E. Take the patient off oxygen and advise the hyperbaric medical staff
Explanation
The appropriate immediate action in this situation is to take the patient off oxygen and advise the hyperbaric medical staff. The intermittent twitching around the corners of the patient's mouth could be a sign of oxygen toxicity, which can occur during hyperbaric oxygen procedures. By removing the patient from oxygen and informing the medical staff, further evaluation and appropriate treatment can be provided to ensure the patient's safety and well-being.
8.
Maintenance of effective mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube in the hyperbaric chamber is accomplished easily and effectively by:
Correct Answer
B. Replacing the air in the cuff with an equal amount of sterile saline
Explanation
To maintain effective mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube in a hyperbaric chamber, it is important to ensure that the cuff is properly inflated. Replacing the air in the cuff with an equal amount of sterile saline is the best option because it helps to create a secure seal around the tube, preventing any air leaks. This ensures that the pressure is maintained and the ventilation is effective. Overinflating the cuff with saline or connecting the cuff to a wound vac are not appropriate methods for maintaining mechanical ventilation in this context.
9.
In a multiplace chamber, oxygen may be delivered to a patient via a:
Correct Answer
D. Any of the above
Explanation
In a multiplace chamber, oxygen can be delivered to a patient through various methods such as a BIBS mask, an endotracheal tube, or a hood. The use of any of these options allows for the delivery of oxygen to the patient in the chamber.
10.
NFPA defines an oxygen-filled monoplace chamber as a class ____chamber.
Correct Answer
B. B
Explanation
NFPA defines an oxygen-filled monoplace chamber as a class B chamber.
11.
Oxygen:
Correct Answer
D. Is necessary for combustion
Explanation
Oxygen is necessary for combustion because it acts as an oxidizer, allowing the fuel to react and release energy. Without oxygen, combustion cannot occur as there would be no source of oxygen to support the chemical reactions involved in burning. Oxygen combines with the fuel in the presence of heat to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat energy.
12.
The fire triangle consists of the following:
Correct Answer
C. Oxygen, heat, fuel
Explanation
The fire triangle consists of oxygen, heat, and fuel. These three elements are essential for a fire to occur. Oxygen provides the necessary oxidizer, heat provides the energy to start and sustain the fire, and fuel acts as the combustible material. Without any of these three elements, a fire cannot exist.
13.
A patient has recently undergone a subclavian IV placement. Before continuing hyperbaric therapy, the following is indicated:
Correct Answer
A. Chest x-ray to rule out pneumothorax
Explanation
After a subclavian IV placement, there is a risk of pneumothorax, which is the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity causing lung collapse. To ensure the patient's safety before continuing hyperbaric therapy, a chest x-ray is indicated to rule out the presence of pneumothorax. This is important because undergoing hyperbaric therapy with a pneumothorax can lead to further complications and worsen the patient's condition. Blood cultures, discontinuing hyperbaric therapy, and IV heparin are not directly related to ruling out pneumothorax and are not the most appropriate actions in this situation.
14.
Insulin dependent diabetic patients being treated with hyperbaric oxygen are:
Correct Answer
C. More likely to go into hypoglycemic shock.
Explanation
Insulin dependent diabetic patients being treated with hyperbaric oxygen are more likely to go into hypoglycemic shock because the increased oxygen levels can enhance the effect of insulin, leading to a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels. This can result in hypoglycemia, which can be dangerous and potentially lead to a hypoglycemic shock. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses accordingly to prevent this complication.
15.
Proper site preparation for transcutaneous oximetry requires the skin to be shaven, cleaned and degreased.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Proper site preparation for transcutaneous oximetry involves shaving the skin to remove any hair that may interfere with the sensor's contact with the skin. Additionally, the skin needs to be cleaned and degreased to ensure accurate readings. This is because hair, dirt, and oils on the skin can create a barrier that may affect the accuracy of the oximetry measurement. Therefore, the statement "Proper site preparation for transcutaneous oximetry requires the skin to be shaven, cleaned and degreased" is true.
16.
What does TCOM stand for?
Correct Answer
C. Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring
Explanation
TCOM stands for Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. This refers to a non-invasive method of measuring oxygen levels in the blood through the skin. It involves placing a sensor on the skin, usually on the earlobe or forehead, which measures the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. This method is commonly used in clinical settings to assess tissue perfusion and oxygenation in patients with conditions such as peripheral vascular disease or wounds.
17.
Most monoplace chambers are compressed with:
Correct Answer
D. Oxygen
Explanation
The correct answer is oxygen because most monoplace chambers are compressed with pure oxygen. This is done to provide the highest level of oxygen to the patient, which helps to increase the oxygen saturation in the body and promote healing. Oxygen is essential for the body's cellular function and can help reduce inflammation, improve tissue repair, and enhance the body's ability to fight infection. Using pure oxygen in the monoplace chamber ensures that the patient receives the maximum benefit from the hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
18.
33 Feet of salt water is equivalent to:
Correct Answer
A. 2 ATA
Explanation
33 feet of salt water is equivalent to 2 ATA (Atmospheres Absolute). ATA is a unit of pressure used in diving, and it represents the pressure exerted by the water column above a diver. Each 33 feet of water exerts an additional 1 ATA of pressure. Therefore, since the question states that the depth is 33 feet, the pressure would be 2 ATA.
19.
Henry's Law states:
Correct Answer
D. In fluid, dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas to which the fluid is exposed.
Explanation
Henry's Law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a fluid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the fluid. This means that as the partial pressure of the gas increases, more of it will dissolve in the fluid. Conversely, if the partial pressure decreases, less gas will dissolve. Therefore, the correct answer is "In fluid, dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas to which the fluid is exposed."
20.
Dalton's Law states:
Correct Answer
B. Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures that would be exerted by each gas alone as if it alone occupied the total volume.
Explanation
Dalton's Law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures that would be exerted by each gas alone as if it alone occupied the total volume. This means that each gas in a mixture contributes to the total pressure based on its own individual pressure and not on the presence of other gases. The total pressure is determined by adding up the pressures that each gas would exert if it occupied the entire volume of the mixture.
21.
Charles' Law states:
Correct Answer
D. At a constant pressure the volume of a mass of gas is proportional to the absolute temperature.
Explanation
Charles' Law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a mass of gas is proportional to the absolute temperature. This means that as the temperature of a gas increases, its volume also increases, and vice versa, as long as the pressure remains constant. This relationship can be expressed mathematically as V/T = k, where V is the volume, T is the absolute temperature, and k is a constant. This law is based on the observation that as the temperature of a gas increases, the gas molecules move faster and occupy a larger space, leading to an increase in volume.
22.
Boyles' Law states:
Correct Answer
B. At a given temperature the volume of a given mass of gas will vary inversely with the absolute pressure.
Explanation
Boyle's Law states that at a given temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas will vary inversely with the absolute pressure. This means that as the pressure increases, the volume of the gas will decrease, and vice versa. The law is derived from the observation that as the pressure on a gas increases, the gas molecules are pushed closer together, resulting in a decrease in volume. Similarly, as the pressure decreases, the gas molecules have more space to move around, causing an increase in volume. This relationship between volume and pressure is described by Boyle's Law.
23.
Pressure is:
Correct Answer
A. A force acting on a unit of area
Explanation
Pressure is defined as the force exerted on a unit of area. In other words, it is the amount of force applied per unit area. This definition is consistent with the answer choice "a force acting on a unit of area". The other answer choices do not accurately describe pressure.
24.
Atmospheric Pressure is:
Correct Answer
D. Pressure exerted by the weight of the atmospHere
Explanation
Atmospheric pressure refers to the force per unit area exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere on any object or surface below it. This pressure is caused by the gravitational pull on the air molecules in the atmosphere. As the weight of the atmosphere increases with the amount of air above a certain point, the pressure also increases. Therefore, the correct answer is "pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere".
25.
Absolute Pressure is:
Correct Answer
A. Is the sum of all pressures acting on an object
Explanation
Absolute pressure is the sum of all pressures acting on an object. This means that it takes into account all the different pressures that are exerted on the object, including atmospheric pressure and any additional pressures from other sources. By considering the total pressure, absolute pressure provides a comprehensive measurement of the force exerted on the object from all directions.
26.
Compression is:
Correct Answer
D. That part of a dive that increases pressure upon a diver
Explanation
Compression in diving refers to the increase in pressure that occurs as a diver descends deeper into the water. As the diver goes deeper, the weight of the water above them increases, causing the pressure to rise. This increase in pressure can have various effects on the body, such as compressing air spaces and increasing the density of gases. It is important for divers to understand and manage the effects of compression to prevent decompression sickness and other related issues.
27.
Gradient is:
Correct Answer
C. The amount of change of one quantity of substance with respect to another; a gas in solution will diffuse across a gradient, from an area of higher concentration to one of less concentration.
Explanation
The correct answer is "The amount of change of one quantity of substance with respect to another; a gas in solution will diffuse across a gradient, from an area of higher concentration to one of less concentration." This explanation accurately describes the concept of a gradient in the context of a gas in solution. It explains that a gradient represents the change in concentration of a substance, and specifically mentions that a gas in solution will diffuse across a gradient, moving from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
28.
What does BIBS stand for?
Correct Answer
B. Built in breathing system
Explanation
BIBS stands for Built in breathing system. This refers to a system that is integrated or incorporated into a device or equipment, allowing for the supply of breathing air or oxygen. This system is typically used in environments where respiratory protection is required, such as in hazardous or confined spaces, or in certain medical procedures.
29.
Boyle's and Charles' laws can be conveniently combined into what is known as the:
Correct Answer
B. General Gas Law
Explanation
The correct answer is General Gas Law because it is a combination of Boyle's and Charles' laws. Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Charles' law states that at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. The General Gas Law combines these two laws and adds the concept of the number of moles of gas to give a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.
30.
Hyperbaric means:
Correct Answer
A. High pressure
Explanation
Hyperbaric refers to a condition or environment that is characterized by high pressure. This term is commonly used in the medical field to describe a type of therapy called hyperbaric oxygen therapy, where patients are exposed to high-pressure oxygen in a specially designed chamber. The high-pressure environment allows the lungs to take in more oxygen, which can promote healing and treat certain medical conditions.
31.
A class C chamber by NFPA standards is a:
Correct Answer
B. Animal chamber
Explanation
According to NFPA standards, a class C chamber is specifically designed for animals. This chamber is used for various medical treatments and therapies for animals, ensuring their safety and well-being during the process.
32.
A fire suppression system consisting of independently supplied and operating handline and deluge type water spray systems shall be installed in all Class ____ chambers.
Correct Answer
A. A
Explanation
A fire suppression system consisting of independently supplied and operating handline and deluge type water spray systems shall be installed in all Class A chambers. This means that both handline and deluge type water spray systems need to be installed in Class A chambers to effectively suppress fires.
33.
Electrical rating of chamber speakers shall not exceed _____ volts.
Correct Answer
C. 28
Explanation
20.2.7.3.16.4 Electrical rating of chamber speakers shall not exceed 28 V rms and 25 W.
34.
The resistance between the grounded chamber hull and the electrical ground shall not exceed _____ ohm/s.
Correct Answer
C. 1
Explanation
The resistance between the grounded chamber hull and the electrical ground should not exceed 1 ohm/s. This is important to ensure that there is a low impedance path for electrical currents to flow in case of a fault or electrical surge. A higher resistance could result in a buildup of electrical charge, leading to potential safety hazards such as electric shocks or equipment damage.
35.
In a multiplace chamber, audible and visual alarms shall indicate volumetric oxygen concentrations in excess of _____ percent.
Correct Answer
C. 23.5
Explanation
In a multiplace chamber, audible and visual alarms are required to indicate volumetric oxygen concentrations in excess of a certain percentage. The correct answer in this case is 23.5 percent. This means that if the oxygen concentration in the chamber exceeds 23.5 percent, the alarms will be triggered to alert the occupants. This is an important safety measure to ensure that the oxygen levels in the chamber do not reach dangerous levels, which could potentially be harmful to the individuals inside.
36.
In Class A and Class B chambers with atmospheres containing more than ________ percent oxygen by volume, electrical grounding of the patient shall be ensured by the provision of a high-impedance conductive pathway in contact with the patient’s skin.
Correct Answer
B. 23.5
Explanation
20.3.1.5.3.2 In Class A and Class B chambers with atmospheres containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume, electrical grounding of the patient shall be ensured by the provision of a high-impedance conductive pathway in contact with the patient’s skin.
37.
Each hyperbaric facility shall designate an onsite ____________ director to be in charge of all hyperbaric equipment and the operational safety requirements of this chapter.
Correct Answer
C. Hyperbaric safety
Explanation
The correct answer is "hyperbaric safety". In this question, the term "onsite director" refers to someone who is responsible for overseeing the hyperbaric equipment and ensuring the operational safety requirements are met. Out of the given options, "hyperbaric safety" best fits this role as it specifically relates to the safety requirements of hyperbaric facilities. The term "medical" is too broad and does not specifically address the safety aspect, while "HBO" and "Nursing" are not directly related to the operational safety requirements.
38.
The ___________________ shall have the authority to restrict or remove any potentially hazardous supply or equipment items from the chamber.
Correct Answer
B. Safety Director
Explanation
The Safety Director is the correct answer because they have the authority to restrict or remove potentially hazardous supply or equipment items from the chamber. As the person responsible for ensuring the safety of the facility and its occupants, the Safety Director is in a position to make decisions regarding the removal of any items that may pose a risk to individuals in the hyperbaric chamber. This authority is granted to them in order to maintain a safe and secure environment for everyone involved.
39.
The __________________ shall ensure that electrical, monitoring, life support, protection, and ventilating arrangements in the hyperbaric chamber are inspected and tested as part of the routine maintenance program of the facility.
Correct Answer
B. Safety Director
Explanation
The Safety Director is responsible for overseeing the safety protocols and procedures within a facility. In this context, they are specifically tasked with ensuring that the electrical, monitoring, life support, protection, and ventilating arrangements in the hyperbaric chamber are regularly inspected and tested as part of the routine maintenance program. This is important to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals using the hyperbaric chamber, as any malfunction or failure of these arrangements could have serious consequences.
40.
______ personnel shall be trained on emergency procedures.
Correct Answer
A. All
Explanation
20.3.1.4.4.1* All personnel shall be trained on emergency procedures.