1.
According to Kant, what is Enlightenment?
Correct Answer
B. Man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity.
Explanation
According to Kant, Enlightenment refers to man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. This means that individuals should have the courage to think for themselves and not rely on the guidance of others. Kant believed that true enlightenment comes from using reason and critical thinking to challenge existing ideas and social institutions. It is about individuals taking responsibility for their own beliefs and decisions, rather than simply accepting what they are told.
2.
According to Kant, which of the following are NOT included as Guardians?
Correct Answer
D. An Angel
Explanation
According to Kant, an angel is not included as a guardian. Kant believed that guardians were individuals who possessed rationality and autonomy, and angels, being spiritual beings, do not possess these qualities. Therefore, angels are not considered as guardians according to Kant's philosophy.
3.
Rules and Formulas are beneficial to man's Enlightenment.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement suggests that rules and formulas are beneficial for man's enlightenment. However, this statement is not necessarily true. While rules and formulas can provide structure and guidance, enlightenment is a complex and personal journey that cannot be solely achieved through following rules or formulas. Enlightenment often involves self-discovery, introspection, and a deep understanding of oneself and the world. Therefore, the statement is false.
4.
What does Kant compare the immature people to?
Correct Answer
B. Livestock
Explanation
Kant compares immature people to livestock. This comparison suggests that immature individuals lack autonomy and independent thinking, much like animals that are dependent on their owners for guidance and direction. Livestock are passive beings that follow the commands and control of their owners, just as immature people rely on others to make decisions for them. This analogy highlights the importance of personal growth and maturity in order to develop autonomy and independent thinking.
5.
Do the Guardians restrict the people's freedom?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The correct answer is "True". This implies that the Guardians do indeed restrict the people's freedom. However, without further context or information about who the Guardians are and what their role is, it is difficult to provide a more specific explanation.
6.
Kant says that members of a machine should follow a machines belief and not think for themselves.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Kant believed that members of a machine, such as a society or organization, should adhere to the beliefs and principles of that machine rather than thinking independently. This implies that individuals should prioritize the collective goals and values of the machine over their own personal beliefs and opinions. By doing so, Kant argued that harmony and efficiency within the machine can be achieved.
7.
Which of the following does Kant say is true?
Correct Answer
B. We currently live in an Age of Enlightenment.
Explanation
Kant states that we currently live in an Age of Enlightenment. This means that according to Kant, the present time is characterized by the advancement of reason, knowledge, and progress. This statement implies that Kant believes that society is currently in a period of intellectual and societal development, where individuals are encouraged to think critically and challenge traditional beliefs.
8.
Kant regarded this age as the century of whom?
Correct Answer
C. Frederick
Explanation
Kant regarded this age as the century of Frederick.
9.
According to Kant, a ruler who is himself enlightened has which of the following?
Correct Answer
A. No dread of shadows
Explanation
According to Kant, a ruler who is enlightened would have no dread of shadows. This means that they would not be afraid of the unknown or uncertain aspects of ruling. They would be confident in their knowledge and understanding, allowing them to make decisions without fear or hesitation. This reflects Kant's belief in the importance of reason and rationality in leadership.
10.
The motto of Enlightenment is which of the following?
Correct Answer
B. Have courage to use your own understanding
Explanation
The motto of Enlightenment is "Have courage to use your own understanding." This motto emphasizes the importance of individuals thinking for themselves and relying on their own reasoning and judgment. It encourages people to question authority and not blindly accept information or beliefs without critically examining them. This motto reflects the values of the Enlightenment period, which emphasized reason, logic, and skepticism towards traditional authority and dogma.