Immunological Diagnostic 2: PCR And Quick Tests

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  • 1/19 Questions

    Taq polymerases activity is dependant on temperature

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

Explore the fundamentals of PCR and quick diagnostic tests in 'Immunological Diagnostic 2: PCR and quick tests'. This quiz assesses understanding of DNA amplification, primer specificity, and enzyme stability, crucial for learners in genetics and molecular biology.

Genetic Engineering Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    The Polymerase Chain Reaction results is exponential multiplication of the DNA chain

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA. It involves a series of temperature cycles that allow for the exponential multiplication of the DNA chain. This process starts with denaturation, where the DNA strands separate, followed by annealing, where primers bind to the target DNA, and finally extension, where DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands. This cycle is repeated multiple times, resulting in a significant increase in the number of DNA copies, making PCR a powerful tool in molecular biology and genetic research.

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  • 3. 

    The Polymerase Chain Reaction is reliant on the action of primers (nucleotide sequences which act to amplify the translation of a certain gene)

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) does rely on the action of primers. Primers are short nucleotide sequences that bind to the DNA template and initiate the replication process. They act as a starting point for DNA synthesis and help amplify the specific gene of interest. Without primers, PCR would not be able to selectively amplify the target gene. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

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  • 4. 

    What gel is typically used during electrophoresis?

    • Agar gel

    • Hydro gel

    • Sucarose gel

    • Agarose gel

    Correct Answer
    A. Agarose gel
    Explanation
    Agarose gel is typically used during electrophoresis because it provides a stable matrix for separating DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge. Agarose is a polysaccharide derived from seaweed and forms a porous gel when mixed with a buffer solution. This gel allows molecules to migrate through it when an electric current is applied, with smaller molecules moving faster and further than larger ones. Agarose gel is commonly used in molecular biology laboratories for DNA and RNA analysis, as well as protein separation.

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  • 5. 

    Which is the fifth step in the polymerase chain reaction?

    • DNA is heated to around 80oC, causing the strands to come apart

    • Viral gene translation is amplified

    • As the mixture cools, Taq polymerase starts to work

    • Sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed

    • Heating and cooling process is repeated 30 - 40 times

    Correct Answer
    A. Heating and cooling process is repeated 30 - 40 times
  • 6. 

    Which is the first step in the polymerase chain reaction?

    • DNA is heated to around 80oC, causing the strands to come apart

    • Viral gene translation is amplified

    • As the mixture cools, Taq polymerase starts to work

    • Sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed

    • Heating and cooling process is repeated 30 - 40 times

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA is heated to around 80oC, causing the strands to come apart
    Explanation
    In the polymerase chain reaction, the first step is to heat the DNA to around 80oC. This high temperature causes the DNA strands to separate or come apart, a process known as denaturation. This is necessary because the DNA strands need to be separated in order for the PCR reaction to proceed. Once the strands are separated, the other steps of the PCR reaction can take place, such as primer annealing, DNA synthesis, and amplification. The heating step is crucial in initiating the PCR process and allowing for the amplification of specific DNA sequences.

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  • 7. 

    Taq polymerase is stable at 142oC

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    *Stable at 96oC; ideal as it can survive heating process

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  • 8. 

    DNA primers are 25 - 35 nucleotides long

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    DNA primers are typically 25-35 nucleotides long because this length allows for efficient and specific binding to the target DNA sequence during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. Shorter primers may not provide enough specificity, leading to non-specific amplification, while longer primers may hinder the efficiency of the PCR reaction. Therefore, the optimal length range for DNA primers is 25-35 nucleotides.

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  • 9. 

    DNA primers are non-specific to genes

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    DNA primers are specific to genes. Primers are short DNA sequences that are complementary to specific regions of the target gene. They are designed to bind to the specific DNA sequence of the gene of interest, allowing for amplification of that specific gene during PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or other DNA sequencing techniques. Therefore, the statement that DNA primers are non-specific to genes is incorrect.

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  • 10. 

    What is the principles by which electrophoresis of DNA works?

    • DNA is negatively charged, hence it moves toward the positively charged area; larger DNA migrates at a rate faster than smaller DNA

    • DNA is positively charged, hence it moves toward the negatively charged area; larger DNA migrates at a rate slower than smaller DNA

    • DNA is negatively charged, hence it moves toward the positively charged area; larger DNA migrates at a rate slower than smaller DNA

    • DNA is positively charged, hence it moves toward the negatively charged area; larger DNA migrates at a rate faster than smaller DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA is negatively charged, hence it moves toward the positively charged area; larger DNA migrates at a rate slower than smaller DNA
    Explanation
    DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate groups in its backbone, which carry a negative charge. In electrophoresis, an electric field is applied, causing the DNA molecules to move towards the positive electrode. Since larger DNA molecules experience more resistance as they move through the gel matrix, they migrate at a slower rate compared to smaller DNA molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is that DNA is negatively charged, hence it moves toward the positively charged area; larger DNA migrates at a rate slower than smaller DNA.

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  • 11. 

    Which is the third step in the polymerase chain reaction?

    • DNA is heated to around 80oC, causing the strands to come apart

    • Viral gene translation is amplified

    • As the mixture cools, Taq polymerase starts to work

    • Sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed

    • Heating and cooling process is repeated 30 - 40 times

    Correct Answer
    A. As the mixture cools, Taq polymerase starts to work
  • 12. 

    HIV is not a retrovirus or RNA virus, therefore PCT is used as opposed to RT-PCT when testing for it.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    HIV is a retrovirus

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  • 13. 

    What is the purpose of reverse transciptases in RT-PCT?

    • Allows RNA signal to be amplified

    • Converts viral DNA into RNA

    • Converts RNA to DNA as it is unstable (to heating process???)

    • Something

    Correct Answer
    A. Converts RNA to DNA as it is unstable (to heating process???)
    Explanation
    Reverse transcriptases are enzymes that convert RNA into DNA. In RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction), the purpose of reverse transcriptases is to convert the RNA template into complementary DNA (cDNA), as RNA is less stable and prone to degradation. The cDNA can then be amplified and analyzed using PCR. This process allows for the detection and quantification of RNA molecules, enabling the amplification of RNA signals.

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  • 14. 

    Which is the second step in the polymerase chain reaction?

    • DNA is heated to around 80oC, causing the strands to come apart

    • Viral gene translation is amplified

    • As the mixture cools, Taq polymerase starts to work

    • Sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed

    • Heating and cooling process is repeated 30 - 40 times

    Correct Answer
    A. Sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed
    Explanation
    In the polymerase chain reaction, the second step is when the sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed. This occurs after the DNA is heated to around 80°C, causing the strands to come apart. Once the strands separate, the sites for Taq polymerase become accessible for the enzyme to bind and initiate DNA replication. This step is crucial for the amplification of the target DNA sequence in the PCR process.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PCT?

    • Can be too sensitive; a small amount of contamination can give a +ve signal

    • Expensive to perform

    • Quick to perform; can easily be automated

    • Need to extract DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Quick to perform; can easily be automated
    Explanation
    The given answer states that "Quick to perform; can easily be automated" is not a disadvantage of PCT. This means that PCT is advantageous in terms of being quick to perform and easily automated. This implies that PCT does not require a significant amount of time or manual effort to be performed, and it can be easily integrated into automated systems, which makes it efficient and convenient to use.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following is not an advantage of PCT?

    • Does not give false positive results

    • Highly sensitive

    • Can be performed soon after infection

    • Does not rely on antibody production

    Correct Answer
    A. Does not give false positive results
    Explanation
    PCT, or procalcitonin, is a biomarker used to detect bacterial infections. It has several advantages, including high sensitivity, the ability to be performed soon after infection, and not relying on antibody production. However, one disadvantage of PCT is that it can give false positive results, meaning it may indicate the presence of a bacterial infection when none is actually present.

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  • 17. 

    Which is the fourth step in the polymerase chain reaction?

    • DNA is heated to around 80oC, causing the strands to come apart

    • Viral gene translation is amplified

    • As the mixture cools, Taq polymerase starts to work

    • Sites for Taq polymerase on DNA are exposed

    • Heating and cooling process is repeated 30 - 40 times

    Correct Answer
    A. Viral gene translation is amplified
  • 18. 

    DNA primers bind to the sense strand of DNA

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    *binds to antisense

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  • 19. 

    How long does it take for a PCT to be possible post-infection?

    • 1 week

    • 2 weeks

    • 3 weeks

    • 4 weeks

    • 5 weeks

    • 6 weeks

    Correct Answer
    A. 3 weeks
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 3 weeks. This suggests that it takes approximately three weeks for a post-infection PCT (Presumptive Coliform Test) to be possible. This could mean that after three weeks, the presence of coliform bacteria can be accurately detected in water samples, indicating a possible contamination.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 20, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    ILovePharmacy
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