ITEC A&p (Muscular System) 2 Q&a
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- 1.
Where would you find the risorius?
- A.
On the side of the mouth
- B.
On the forehead
- C.
On the side of the neck
- D.
Behind the ear.
Correct Answer
A. On the side of the mouthExplanation
The risorius is a muscle located on the side of the mouth. It is responsible for retracting the corners of the mouth, contributing to facial expressions such as smiling or grimacing.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the action of the erector spinae?
- A.
To abduct the trunk
- B.
To extend the trunk
- C.
To laterally rotate the trunk
- D.
To medially rotate the trunk.
Correct Answer
B. To extend the trunkExplanation
The erector spinae is a group of muscles located along the back. Its main action is to extend the trunk, meaning it helps to bring the spine into an upright position from a flexed or bent position. This muscle group plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and stability of the spine. It also assists in bending the spine backward and sideways, but its primary function is trunk extension.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which is the major muscle that lifts the trunk from a sitting position?
- A.
Gluteus maximus
- B.
Gluteus medius
- C.
Gluteus minimus
- D.
Biceps femoris
Correct Answer
A. Gluteus maximusExplanation
The gluteus maximus is the major muscle that lifts the trunk from a sitting position. It is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for hip extension, which allows us to stand up from a seated position. It is a powerful muscle that helps to maintain an upright posture and is involved in various movements such as walking, running, and climbing stairs.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is a muscle of the lower arm and hand?
- A.
Tibialis anterior
- B.
Coracobrachialis
- C.
Flexor digitorum longus
- D.
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Correct Answer
D. Flexor carpi ulnarisExplanation
The flexor carpi ulnaris is a muscle of the lower arm and hand. It is located on the ulnar side of the forearm and is responsible for flexing the wrist and adducting the hand.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following defines flexion?
- A.
To turn the palm of the hand up to face the ceiling
- B.
To point the toes down towards the ground
- C.
To turn the sole of the foot outwards
- D.
To decrease the angle between bones at a joint
Correct Answer
D. To decrease the angle between bones at a jointExplanation
Flexion is a movement that decreases the angle between bones at a joint. This movement is commonly observed in various joints of the body, such as the elbow, knee, and spine. It allows for bending or decreasing the angle between two body parts. The other options mentioned in the question, such as turning the palm of the hand up, pointing the toes down, or turning the sole of the foot outwards, do not accurately define flexion.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following muscles is the main one to raise the body to a standing position from sitting?
- A.
Gluteus maximus
- B.
Gluteus medius
- C.
Gluteus minimus
- D.
Piriformis
Correct Answer
A. Gluteus maximusExplanation
The gluteus maximus is the main muscle responsible for raising the body to a standing position from sitting. It is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for hip extension and external rotation. When contracting, it helps to straighten the hip joint and lift the body up from a seated position. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are also important muscles in the hip region, but they are more involved in stabilizing the pelvis and assisting with movements such as walking and balancing. The piriformis muscle is located deep in the buttock and is involved in rotating the hip externally.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is a definition of adduction?
- A.
Movement of a bone away from the midline of the body or limb
- B.
To bend in order to decrease the angle between bones at a joint
- C.
Movement of a bone towards the midline of the body or limb
- D.
The degree of contraction of muscle fibres
Correct Answer
C. Movement of a bone towards the midline of the body or limbExplanation
Adduction is the movement of a bone towards the midline of the body or limb. This means that when adduction occurs, the bone moves closer to the center of the body or towards the midline of a limb. It is the opposite of abduction, which is the movement of a bone away from the midline.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The muscular system responds to which other system in order to produce a contraction?
- A.
Digestive system
- B.
Lymphatic system
- C.
Circulatory system
- D.
Nervous system
Correct Answer
D. Nervous systemExplanation
The nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating the activities of the muscular system. It sends signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, instructing them to contract or relax. This communication allows the muscular system to respond and produce a contraction. The other systems listed, such as the digestive, lymphatic, and circulatory systems, do not directly control muscle contractions. Therefore, the correct answer is the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following muscles flexes the elbow?
- A.
Triceps
- B.
Brachioradialis
- C.
Coracobrachialis
- D.
Pronator teres
Correct Answer
B. BrachioradialisExplanation
The brachioradialis muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow. It is located in the forearm and crosses the elbow joint. When the brachioradialis contracts, it pulls the forearm towards the upper arm, resulting in elbow flexion. The triceps muscle, on the other hand, is responsible for extending the elbow, while the coracobrachialis and pronator teres muscles have different functions and are not involved in elbow flexion. Therefore, the correct answer is brachioradialis.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following statements with regard to muscles is incorrect?
- A.
The semimembranosus flexes the hip
- B.
The iliacus flexes the hip
- C.
The Sartorius flexes the hip
- D.
The rectus femoris flexes the hip
Correct Answer
A. The semimembranosus flexes the hipExplanation
The statement that the semimembranosus flexes the hip is incorrect. The semimembranosus is a muscle located in the back of the thigh and it actually extends the hip, not flexes it. Flexion of the hip is performed by muscles such as the iliacus, the sartorius, and the rectus femoris.Rate this question:
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- 11.
what is meant by the insertion of a muscle?
- A.
The attachment to bone at the moving end of a muscle
- B.
The thickest part of a muscle
- C.
The attachment to bone at the fixed end of a muscle
- D.
Option 4
Correct Answer
A. The attachment to bone at the moving end of a muscleExplanation
The insertion of a muscle refers to the attachment point of the muscle to the bone at the moving end. This is where the muscle exerts its force and causes movement. The insertion point is typically more distal or further away from the body's midline compared to the origin, which is the attachment point at the fixed end of the muscle.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What is the action of the serratus anterior?
- A.
It protracts (abduction) and rotates the scapula
- B.
It elevates and braces the shoulders
- C.
It flexes and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder
- D.
It extends and abducts the arm at the shoulder
Correct Answer
A. It protracts (abduction) and rotates the scapulaExplanation
The serratus anterior is a muscle located on the side of the ribcage. Its main action is to protract or move the scapula forward and away from the spine, which is also known as abduction. Additionally, it helps in rotating the scapula, allowing it to move upward and downward as well as tilt forward and backward. This muscle is responsible for stabilizing the scapula and assisting in various movements of the shoulder joint.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Muscles are made of ...
- A.
" silica
- B.
" polyester threads
- C.
" calcium and phosphorous
- D.
" groups of cells called fibres
Correct Answer
D. " groups of cells called fibresExplanation
Muscles are made up of groups of cells called fibers. These fibers are responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscles, allowing them to generate force and movement. Each muscle fiber contains myofibrils, which are composed of proteins called actin and myosin. When the muscle receives a signal from the nervous system, these proteins interact to create a sliding motion, resulting in muscle contraction. The arrangement and organization of these fibers play a crucial role in determining the strength and function of different muscles in the body.Rate this question:
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- 14.
How do muscles attached to the bones move the body?
- A.
" automatically
- B.
" pull movement only
- C.
" push movement only
- D.
" push and pull movement
Correct Answer
B. " pull movement onlyExplanation
Muscles attached to the bones move the body through a pull movement only. When the muscles contract, they exert a pulling force on the bones, causing them to move. This is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers, which are connected to the bones via tendons. When a muscle contracts, it shortens, pulling on the tendon and subsequently moving the attached bone. This pull movement allows for various actions such as walking, running, lifting, and other forms of physical movement.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the function of a tendon?
- A.
,
- B.
" To link muscles to bones
- C.
" To link muscles to ligaments
- D.
" To link bones to bones
Correct Answer
B. " To link muscles to bonesExplanation
Tendons are connective tissues that serve the function of linking muscles to bones. They are strong and flexible, allowing for the transmission of forces generated by muscle contractions to the bones, resulting in movement. Tendons also help stabilize joints and provide support during physical activities.Rate this question:
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- 16.
If you were to supinate your arm, would you
- A.
" Turn it to face downwards
- B.
" Move it away from the body
- C.
" Turn it to face upwards
- D.
" Move it towards the body
Correct Answer
C. " Turn it to face upwardsExplanation
When you supinate your arm, you rotate your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces upwards or towards the ceiling. This movement is commonly referred to as "turning your palm up." It is the opposite of pronation, where the palm faces downwards or towards the floor.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following doesn't contain involuntary muscle
- A.
" Digestive system
- B.
" Heart
- C.
" Respiratory system
- D.
" Genito-urinary system
Correct Answer
B. " HeartExplanation
The heart does not contain involuntary muscle. The heart is made up of cardiac muscle, which is a type of involuntary muscle. It contracts and relaxes on its own without conscious control. The other options, such as the digestive system, respiratory system, and genito-urinary system, all contain involuntary muscles that help with their respective functions.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Where would you find the sternocleidomastoid?
- A.
" Across the top of the shoulders
- B.
" Upper back
- C.
" Chest
- D.
" Running up the neck
Correct Answer
D. " Running up the neckExplanation
The sternocleidomastoid is a muscle that runs up the neck. It is located on each side of the neck and connects the sternum (sterno-) and clavicle (cleido-) to the mastoid process of the skull (mastoid). This muscle allows for movement of the head and neck, including rotation and flexion.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi
- A.
" Raise the corner of the mouth
- B.
" Rotates the head
- C.
" Closes the eyelid
- D.
" Plantarflexes the ankle
Correct Answer
C. " Closes the eyelidExplanation
The orbicularis oculi is a muscle responsible for closing the eyelid. It helps protect the eye from foreign objects and also plays a role in facial expressions, such as squinting or winking.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which muscle flexes the humerus?
- A.
Biceps
- B.
Brachioradialis
- C.
Flexor carpi ulnaris
- D.
Coracobrachialis
Correct Answer
D. CoracobrachialisExplanation
The coracobrachialis muscle is responsible for flexing the humerus. It is located in the upper arm and connects the scapula to the humerus. When the coracobrachialis contracts, it pulls the humerus towards the body, resulting in flexion at the shoulder joint. The biceps muscle is also involved in flexing the humerus, but the coracobrachialis is the primary muscle responsible for this movement. The brachioradialis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles are not involved in flexing the humerus.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following defines flexion?
- A.
To turn the palm of the hand up to face the ceiling
- B.
To point the toes down towards the ground
- C.
To turn the sole of the foot outwards
- D.
To decrease the angle between bones at a joint ________
Correct Answer
D. To decrease the angle between bones at a joint ________Explanation
Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between bones at a joint. This movement allows for bending or folding, such as when we bring our forearm closer to our upper arm or when we bend our knees. The other options mentioned in the question, such as turning the palm up, pointing the toes down, or turning the sole of the foot outwards, are not the correct definitions of flexion.Rate this question:
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- 22.
. Which muscle everts the foot and plantarflexes the ankle?
- A.
Peroneus longus
- B.
Tibialis anterior
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Soleus _________
Correct Answer
A. Peroneus longusExplanation
The muscle that everts the foot and plantarflexes the ankle is the Peroneus longus. The Peroneus longus muscle runs along the outer side of the lower leg and wraps around the back of the ankle. When it contracts, it pulls the foot outwards (eversion) and points the toes downwards (plantarflexion). This muscle is important for maintaining balance and stability during activities such as walking and running.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is a muscle of the lower arm and hand?
- A.
Tibialis anterior
- B.
Coracobrachialis
- C.
Flexor digitorum longus
- D.
Flexor carpi ulnaris _________
Correct Answer
D. Flexor carpi ulnaris _________Explanation
The correct answer is Flexor carpi ulnaris. This muscle is located in the lower arm and hand. It is responsible for flexing the wrist and adducting the hand.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which one of the following is not an action of the latissimus dorsi?
- A.
Extension of humerus
- B.
Adducts humerus
- C.
Medial rotation of humerus
- D.
Lateral rotation of humerus
Correct Answer
D. Lateral rotation of humerusExplanation
The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle located in the back. It is responsible for several actions, including extension and adduction of the humerus, as well as medial rotation. However, it does not perform lateral rotation of the humerus. Lateral rotation of the humerus is primarily carried out by the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is an involuntary action?
- A.
Flexion of humerus
- B.
Cardiac muscle contraction
- C.
Rotation of head
- D.
Extension of vertebrae
Correct Answer
B. Cardiac muscle contractionExplanation
Cardiac muscle contraction is an involuntary action because it is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and occurs without conscious control. The heart muscle contracts and relaxes rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body, and this process is regulated by the cardiac conduction system. Unlike the other options listed, which involve voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle contraction is essential for maintaining the circulation of blood and is not under conscious control.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which muscles main action will raise you up from a sitting position to standing?
- A.
Psoas major
- B.
Gastocnemius
- C.
Erector spinnae
- D.
Gluteus Maximus
Correct Answer
D. Gluteus MaximusExplanation
The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for extending the hip joint. When you go from a sitting position to standing, the gluteus maximus contracts to lift your body up. The other muscles listed, such as the psoas major, gastocnemius, and erector spinae, are not primarily involved in this particular movement.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which muscle fibre type is mainly used to maintain posture?
- A.
Smooth muscle
- B.
FOG
- C.
Slow twitch fibre
- D.
Fast twitch fibre
Correct Answer
C. Slow twitch fibreExplanation
Slow twitch fibers, also known as type I muscle fibers, are mainly used to maintain posture. These muscle fibers are fatigue-resistant and have a slow contraction speed, making them ideal for prolonged contractions required to maintain a stable posture. They are rich in mitochondria and have a high capacity for aerobic metabolism, which allows them to generate energy efficiently for sustained muscle contractions. In contrast, fast twitch fibers are better suited for activities that require quick and powerful movements, while smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs and performs involuntary contractions.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which energy system is used mainly for explosive activities e.g. sprinting
- A.
Anaerobic glycolysis
- B.
Aerobic system
- C.
Krebs cycle
- D.
Creatine phosphate system
Correct Answer
A. Anaerobic glycolysisExplanation
Anaerobic glycolysis is the main energy system used for explosive activities such as sprinting. During anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down without the presence of oxygen to produce energy quickly. This energy system is used when the demand for energy is high and immediate, but the oxygen supply is limited. Sprinting requires a rapid burst of energy, and anaerobic glycolysis provides this energy by breaking down glucose into lactic acid, producing ATP in the process. The other energy systems listed, such as the aerobic system, Krebs cycle, and creatine phosphate system, are not as efficient in providing energy quickly for explosive activities.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Anaerobic glycolysis is used for activities with a duration of:
- A.
Over 3 mins
- B.
Up to 10 seconds
- C.
Up to 10 mins
- D.
1 to 3 mins
Correct Answer
D. 1 to 3 minsExplanation
Anaerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces energy in the form of ATP. It is used for activities with a duration of 1 to 3 minutes because during this time frame, the body's demand for energy exceeds the rate at which oxygen can be delivered to the muscles. As a result, the body relies on anaerobic glycolysis to quickly break down glucose and produce ATP for immediate energy needs. This process is not sustainable for longer durations as it produces lactic acid as a byproduct, which can lead to muscle fatigue and decreased performance.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Slow twitch fibres
- A.
Contract slowly and tire quickly
- B.
Contract rapidly and can sustain contraction for long periods of time
- C.
Are used mainly to maintain posture and for rapid movement
- D.
Contract slowly but can sustain contraction for long periods of time
Correct Answer
D. Contract slowly but can sustain contraction for long periods of timeExplanation
Slow twitch fibers are a type of muscle fibers that contract slowly but can sustain contraction for long periods of time. They are mainly used for activities that require endurance, such as maintaining posture and engaging in prolonged exercise. Unlike fast twitch fibers, which contract rapidly and tire quickly, slow twitch fibers are more resistant to fatigue and are well-suited for activities like long-distance running or cycling.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The action of the biceps femoris is to:
- A.
" Flex the hip, extend the knee
- B.
" Abduct the leg
- C.
" Extend the hip, flex the knee
- D.
" Flex the arm
Correct Answer
C. " Extend the hip, flex the kneeExplanation
The biceps femoris is a muscle located in the back of the thigh. Its primary action is to extend the hip joint, which means it helps to move the leg backward. Additionally, it also flexes the knee joint, which means it helps to bend the knee. Therefore, the correct answer is "Extend the hip, flex the knee."Rate this question:
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