Itm 6015 Final Exam Practice

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Bz4934

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Quizzes Created: 1 | Total Attempts: 434

Questions: 222 | Attempts: 434 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following is a type of control that is used to ensure the development of a high quality, reliable information system?
- A.
  
  Methodology standards
- B.
  
  System testing
- C.
  
  System backup
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
The correct answer is "all of the above" because all three options - methodology standards, system testing, and system backup - are types of controls that contribute to the development of a high quality, reliable information system. Methodology standards provide a framework and guidelines for developing the system, system testing ensures that the system functions properly and meets the required standards, and system backup helps in protecting and recovering the data in case of any failures or disasters. Together, these controls work together to ensure the overall quality and reliability of the information system.

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2.

Why is it important for a system analyst to document formal as well as informal systems within an organization?
- A.
  
  Informal systems are always less efficient.
- B.
  
  The usage of an informal system by users means that the formal system is deficient in some way and users have designed ways to work around it.
- C.
  
  Informal systems require natural language processing, but formal systems do not.
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
B. The usage of an informal system by users means that the formal system is deficient in some way and users have designed ways to work around it.

Explanation
It is important for a system analyst to document formal as well as informal systems within an organization because the usage of an informal system by users indicates that the formal system is lacking in some aspect, and users have found alternative ways to overcome these deficiencies. By documenting both formal and informal systems, the analyst can identify areas where the formal system needs improvement or modification to better meet the needs of the users. This documentation also helps in understanding the workarounds and processes that users have developed, which can provide valuable insights for system enhancements and optimization.

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3.

System testing only occurs when systems are initially developed.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Testing also occurs when systems are modified.

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4.

Which of the following elements usually includes subcomponents to filter, translate, store, and correct data that flows through it
- A.
  
  Component
- B.
  
  Environment
- C.
  
  Storage
- D.
  
  Interface
Correct Answer
D. Interface

Explanation
The interface is the element that usually includes subcomponents to filter, translate, store, and correct data that flows through it. An interface acts as a bridge between different components or systems, allowing them to communicate and exchange data. It often includes various subcomponents or modules that are responsible for tasks such as data filtering, translation, storage, and data correction. These subcomponents ensure that the data flowing through the interface is processed and manipulated correctly before being passed on to the intended destination.

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5.

Using a sales tracking system as an example, the customer orders and customer returns of goods are examples of which type of system components?
- A.
  
  Outputs
- B.
  
  Inputs
- C.
  
  Storage
- D.
  
  Memory
Correct Answer
B. Inputs

Explanation
The customer orders and customer returns of goods are examples of inputs in a sales tracking system. Inputs refer to the data or information that is entered into a system for processing. In this case, the customer orders and returns are the data that are received by the system to track and manage the sales process.

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6.

Using a payroll system as an example, paychecks and W-2 forms are examples of which of the following system elements?
- A.
  
  Outputs
- B.
  
  Inputs
- C.
  
  Storage
- D.
  
  Memory
Correct Answer
A. Outputs

Explanation
Paychecks and W-2 forms are examples of outputs in a payroll system. Outputs refer to the information or results that are produced by a system and are provided to the users or other systems. In this case, paychecks and W-2 forms are the final results of the payroll system that are generated and given to the employees.

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7.

In basic systems terminology, the process of breaking down a system into successive levels of subsystems is called:
- A.
  
  Functional analysis.
- B.
  
  Factoring.
- C.
  
  Interfacing.
- D.
  
  Hierarchical decomposition.
Correct Answer
D. Hierarchical decomposition.

Explanation
Hierarchical decomposition refers to the process of breaking down a system into successive levels of subsystems. This approach allows for a systematic and organized analysis of the system, where each subsystem is analyzed and designed separately. By breaking down the system into smaller components, it becomes easier to understand and manage the system as a whole. The term "hierarchical" implies that the subsystems are organized in a hierarchical structure, with higher-level subsystems encompassing lower-level ones. Therefore, hierarchical decomposition is the correct term for this process in basic systems terminology.

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8.

A numerical digit based on the other digits within a numerical identifier is referred to as a:
- A.
  
  ITIL rule.
- B.
  
  Check digit.
- C.
  
  Lottery number.
- D.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Check digit.

Explanation
A check digit is a numerical digit that is calculated based on the other digits within a numerical identifier. It is used to verify the accuracy and integrity of the identifier. It is commonly used in various systems such as barcodes, credit card numbers, and identification numbers to prevent errors during data entry or transmission. Therefore, the correct answer is check digit.

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9.

Which of the following is an example of a goal of hierarchical decomposition?
- A.
  
  To take advantage of the simplicity of a system
- B.
  
  To analyze or change only part of the system
- C.
  
  To design and build each subsystem at the same time
- D.
  
  To increase the interdependence of the system components
Correct Answer
B. To analyze or change only part of the system

Explanation
Hierarchical decomposition involves breaking down a complex system into smaller, more manageable subsystems. One of the goals of this approach is to analyze or change only part of the system. By decomposing the system into smaller components, it becomes easier to focus on specific areas for analysis or modification without affecting the entire system. This goal helps in achieving a better understanding of the system and enables targeted improvements or changes to be made efficiently.

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10.

Which of the following is not an example of a principal method for system decoupling?
- A.
  
  Slack resources to provide alternative paths
- B.
  
  Usage of standards
- C.
  
  Sharing data stores
- D.
  
  Benchmarking
Correct Answer
D. Benchmarking

Explanation
Benchmarking is not an example of a principal method for system decoupling because it is a process of comparing and measuring the performance of a system or component against established standards or competitors. It does not involve separating or decoupling system components or processes.

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11.

A physical system description depicts ________ the system operators, while a logical system description depicts ________ the system does.
- A.
  
  How; what
- B.
  
  How; why
- C.
  
  What; how
- D.
  
  Why; what
Correct Answer
A. How; what

Explanation
A physical system description depicts how the system operators, while a logical system description depicts what the system does. This means that a physical system description focuses on the mechanics and processes involved in operating the system, while a logical system description focuses on the functionality and outcomes of the system.

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12.

Which of the following system descriptions depicts the function and purpose (the what) of the system without reference to, or implications for, the actual way in which the system will be implemented?
- A.
  
  Functional system description
- B.
  
  Logical system description
- C.
  
  Physical system description
- D.
  
  Network system description
Correct Answer
B. Logical system description

Explanation
A logical system description focuses on describing the function and purpose of the system without specifying how it will be implemented. It provides a high-level overview of the system's behavior, structure, and interactions, without getting into the details of the physical components or network connections. This type of description helps to understand the system conceptually and is often used during the initial stages of system design and requirements gathering.

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13.

Which is a basic principle of business process reengineering (BPR) suggested by Hammer ?
- A.
  
  Integrating information processing into the work that produces the information
- B.
  
  Building reengineering efforts around legacy systems
- C.
  
  Developing parallel processes for redundancy
- D.
  
  Escalating decision-making up an organizational hierarchy
Correct Answer
A. Integrating information processing into the work that produces the information

Explanation
Hammer suggests that a basic principle of business process reengineering (BPR) is integrating information processing into the work that produces the information. This means that instead of having separate departments or individuals solely responsible for processing information, the information processing should be integrated into the actual work processes. By doing so, organizations can streamline their operations, reduce inefficiencies, and improve overall productivity. This principle emphasizes the importance of eliminating unnecessary steps and bottlenecks in information processing, ultimately leading to more effective and efficient business processes.

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14.

As defined in the textbook, the generic systems development life cycle consists of the following three phases:
- A.
  
  Requirements, design, and implementation.
- B.
  
  Definition, construction, and implementation.
- C.
  
  Specifications, development, and installation.
- D.
  
  Feasibility analysis, testing, and maintenance.
Correct Answer
B. Definition, construction, and implementation.

Explanation
The correct answer is "definition, construction, and implementation." This is because the generic systems development life cycle typically begins with the definition phase, where the requirements and objectives of the system are identified. This is followed by the construction phase, where the system is designed and developed based on the defined requirements. Finally, the implementation phase involves deploying the system and making it operational. The other options mentioned in the question do not accurately represent the phases of the systems development life cycle.

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15.

Which of the following best describes the definition phase of the systems life cycle?
- A.
  
  The system is functionally designed, and then its physical design is specified.
- B.
  
  The new system is installed.
- C.
  
  Business and systems professionals document systems needs and feasibility.
- D.
  
  Data and procedures from the old system are converted.
Correct Answer
C. Business and systems professionals document systems needs and feasibility.

Explanation
During the definition phase of the systems life cycle, business and systems professionals document the needs and feasibility of the system. This involves gathering requirements, understanding the goals and objectives of the system, and assessing whether it is technically and economically feasible to develop and implement the system. This phase sets the foundation for the rest of the life cycle by ensuring that the system is aligned with the organization's needs and can be successfully implemented.

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16.

Which of the following best describes the construction phase of the systems life cycle?
- A.
  
  The system is functionally designed, and then its physical design is specified.
- B.
  
  The new system is installed.
- C.
  
  Business and systems professionals document systems needs and feasibility.
- D.
  
  Data and procedures from the old system are converted.
Correct Answer
A. The system is functionally designed, and then its pHysical design is specified.

Explanation
During the construction phase of the systems life cycle, the system is functionally designed, which means that the overall structure and functionality of the system are planned and defined. Once the functional design is complete, the physical design of the system is specified, which involves determining the hardware, software, and other physical components required for the system. This phase focuses on translating the functional design into a detailed technical plan for implementation. The other options mentioned in the question, such as installing the new system, documenting system needs, and converting data and procedures from the old system, are not specific to the construction phase.

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17.

Which of the following describes an early step in the implementation phase of the systems life cycle?
- A.
  
  The system is detailed functionally, and then its physical design is specified.
- B.
  
  Programs and computer files are designed.
- C.
  
  Operational feasibility is conducted.
- D.
  
  Data and procedures from the old system are converted.
Correct Answer
D. Data and procedures from the old system are converted.

Explanation
During the implementation phase of the systems life cycle, one of the early steps is to convert the data and procedures from the old system. This involves transferring the existing data and procedures from the old system to the new system in order to ensure continuity and functionality. This step is crucial as it allows for a smooth transition from the old system to the new system without losing any important data or procedures.

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18.

Procedural-oriented approaches to systems design first involve the:
- A.
  
  Logical To-Be model.
- B.
  
  As-Is model.
- C.
  
  Physical To-Be model.
- D.
  
  Want-To-Be model.
Correct Answer
B. As-Is model.

Explanation
Procedural-oriented approaches to systems design first involve analyzing and documenting the existing system, known as the As-Is model. This step helps in understanding the current processes, data flow, and functionalities of the system. By examining the As-Is model, designers can identify areas for improvement and develop a clear understanding of the system's strengths and weaknesses. Once the As-Is model is established, designers can then move on to creating a Logical To-Be model, which outlines the desired future state of the system. The Physical To-Be model represents the implementation of the Logical To-Be model, while the Want-To-Be model is not a recognized term in systems design.

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19.

When a physical model of a system is depicted with a diagram, cylinders are used to represent:
- A.
  
  Major modules.
- B.
  
  Databases.
- C.
  
  Data flows.
- D.
  
  Processes.
Correct Answer
B. Databases.

Explanation
In the context of depicting a physical model of a system with a diagram, cylinders are commonly used to represent databases. Databases are used to store and organize large amounts of data, and the cylindrical shape is often used to symbolize this storage. The use of cylinders as a representation for major modules, data flows, or processes is not as common or widely recognized in this context.

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20.

Which of the following technique is most closely associated with the Logical To-Be model?
- A.
  
  Work process flow diagram
- B.
  
  Context diagram
- C.
  
  Data flow diagram
- D.
  
  Swimming lane diagram
Correct Answer
C. Data flow diagram

Explanation
The data flow diagram is most closely associated with the Logical To-Be model. This technique visually represents how data flows through a system, showing the processes, data stores, and external entities involved. The Logical To-Be model focuses on the current state of the system and how it can be improved, and the data flow diagram helps to analyze and understand the flow of data within the system. It helps to identify inefficiencies, redundancies, and areas for improvement in the system's data flow.

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21.

Which of the following is not graphically represented in a data flow diagram (DFD)?
- A.
  
  Sender
- B.
  
  Process
- C.
  
  Data flow
- D.
  
  Data store
Correct Answer
A. Sender

Explanation
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data within a system. It shows how data is input, processed, and output in a system. In a DFD, the sender is not graphically represented because it is not a component or element that directly interacts with the flow of data. The sender is typically considered as an external entity or a source of data inputs to the system, but it is not visually depicted in a DFD.

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22.

When developing a logical data flow diagram, a circle indicates:
- A.
  
  An element in the environment of the system that sends or receives data.
- B.
  
  Data in motion.
- C.
  
  Data at rest.
- D.
  
  A process component.
Correct Answer
D. A process component.

Explanation
In a logical data flow diagram, a circle represents a process component. This means that the circle indicates a specific task or action that is performed within the system. It represents a step in the data flow where data is transformed or manipulated in some way. The circle does not indicate an element in the environment that sends or receives data, data in motion, or data at rest. Instead, it represents a process component that is responsible for processing the data within the system.

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23.

When developing a logical data flow diagram, a rectangle (or open rectangle) indicates:
- A.
  
  Data at rest.
- B.
  
  Data in motion.
- C.
  
  An element in the evironment of the system that sends or receives data.
- D.
  
  A process component.
Correct Answer
A. Data at rest.

Explanation
In a logical data flow diagram, a rectangle (or open rectangle) is used to represent data at rest. This means that the data is stored or held in a static state, and is not currently being transferred or processed. The rectangle symbolizes a data entity or data store within the system.

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24.

The most common approach to defining data elements in a DFD is to create a(n):
- A.
  
  Data at rest.
- B.
  
  Data dictionary/directory.
- C.
  
  Process.
- D.
  
  External entity.
Correct Answer
B. Data dictionary/directory.

Explanation
In a Data Flow Diagram (DFD), the most common approach to defining data elements is to create a data dictionary/directory. A data dictionary/directory is a centralized repository that provides a comprehensive description of all data elements used in the system. It includes information such as data names, definitions, data types, and relationships between data elements. This helps in ensuring consistency and understanding of data throughout the system, making it easier to analyze, design, and maintain the system.

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25.

All of the following are tools for representing the Logical To-Be model of an information system except a(n):
- A.
  
  Program chart.
- B.
  
  Data dictionary.
- C.
  
  Entity-relationship diagram.
- D.
  
  Data flow diagram.
Correct Answer
A. Program chart.

Explanation
The program chart is not a tool for representing the Logical To-Be model of an information system. The other options listed - data dictionary, entity-relationship diagram, and data flow diagram - are commonly used tools for representing different aspects of the logical model. A program chart, on the other hand, is typically used to represent the flow and organization of program code, rather than the logical structure of an information system.

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26.

In the object-oriented (O-O) approach to software engineering, the term "encapsulation" refers to:
- A.
  
  Sharing commonalities between classes of objects.
- B.
  
  A relationship between a generalized object class and one or more specialized classes.
- C.
  
  Storing data and related operations together within objects.
- D.
  
  The reusability of objects across a wide variety of applications.
Correct Answer
C. Storing data and related operations together within objects.

Explanation
In the object-oriented approach to software engineering, encapsulation refers to storing data and related operations together within objects. This means that an object contains both the data it needs to represent and the methods or functions that operate on that data. Encapsulation allows for the data to be protected and accessed only through the defined methods, ensuring data integrity and promoting modular and reusable code. This approach helps in organizing and structuring the code, making it easier to understand, maintain, and modify.

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27.

Which of the following diagrams is not part of the Unified Modeling Language for O-O modeling?
- A.
  
  Class diagram
- B.
  
  Context diagram
- C.
  
  Sequence diagram (to capture messages)
- D.
  
  Use Case diagram
Correct Answer
B. Context diagram

Explanation
A context diagram is not part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented (O-O) modeling. UML is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document the artifacts of a software system. It primarily focuses on the structure and behavior of the system, represented by class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and use case diagrams. However, a context diagram is a high-level diagram used in systems engineering to depict the interactions between a system and its external entities, providing an overview of the system's boundaries and interfaces.

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28.

Which of the following statements is not true about system testing controls in the construction phase of the systems life cycle?
- A.
  
  Each program is tested individually and in combination with other programs.
- B.
  
  The results from processing typical and atypical inputs are examined.
- C.
  
  Users are involved in the system testing.
- D.
  
  Validation rules and calculations are checked.
Correct Answer
C. Users are involved in the system testing.

Explanation
In the construction phase of the systems life cycle, users are typically not involved in system testing. System testing is performed by the development team to ensure that the individual programs and their combinations work correctly. Users are usually involved in acceptance testing, which occurs after system testing is completed.

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29.

What set of international guidelines includes an extensive set for implementation management practices against which firms can benchmark their own practices?
- A.
  
  CCM
- B.
  
  COSO
- C.
  
  ITIL
- D.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
C. ITIL

Explanation
ITIL stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library. It is a set of international guidelines that provides a comprehensive framework for implementing and managing IT services. ITIL includes a wide range of practices and processes that organizations can use to benchmark their own practices and improve their IT service management. It covers areas such as service strategy, service design, service transition, service operation, and continual service improvement. Therefore, the correct answer is ITIL.

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30.

Controls for the validity of data entered into an application program (such as ensuring that only numbers are entered into a numeric field) are referred to as:
- A.
  
  Batch totals.
- B.
  
  Encryption rules.
- C.
  
  Access privileges.
- D.
  
  Edit rules.
Correct Answer
D. Edit rules.

Explanation
Edit rules are controls that are used to ensure the validity and accuracy of data entered into an application program. These rules enforce specific formats, data types, and ranges for input fields. In this case, the edit rules would be responsible for ensuring that only numbers are entered into a numeric field, making it the correct answer. Batch totals refer to the sum or count of a specific field in a batch of data, encryption rules are used to protect data during transmission or storage, and access privileges determine who can access certain data or perform specific actions.

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31.

Security measures that are concerned with whether or not users can run an application, read a file, or change data in a database, or can change who can access to data that others have created are referred to as:
- A.
  
  Logical access controls.
- B.
  
  Physical access controls.
- C.
  
  Backup procedures.
- D.
  
  Audit trails.
Correct Answer
A. Logical access controls.

Explanation
Logical access controls are security measures that determine whether users can run an application, read a file, change data in a database, or modify access permissions for others' data. These controls are designed to restrict and manage user access to sensitive information and resources within a system. Unlike physical access controls, which focus on securing the physical environment and infrastructure, logical access controls specifically address the authorization and authentication mechanisms that govern user access to digital assets. Backup procedures and audit trails, although important for overall security, do not directly relate to the specific concern of controlling user access rights.

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32.

One of the fundamental principles of systems analysis and design (SA&D) is that the logical system should be described before the physical system.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that in systems analysis and design, it is important to first define and describe the logical system before moving on to the physical system. This is because the logical system represents the conceptual and functional aspects of the system, including the processes, data flows, and relationships, while the physical system deals with the actual implementation and hardware/software components. By starting with the logical system, it ensures that the requirements and functionality of the system are properly understood and defined before moving on to the physical implementation.

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33.

In general, the term "system" is defined as a set of interrelated components that must work together to achieve some common purpose.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The given statement is true. A system is indeed defined as a collection of interconnected components that collaborate to achieve a shared objective. These components, whether they are physical or abstract, interact and depend on each other to function effectively. By working together, they accomplish a common purpose or goal.

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34.

The SDLC phase that typically requires the greatest percentage of the total cost for a custom development project is the ________ phase.
- A.
  
  Definition
- B.
  
  Construction
- C.
  
  Implementation
- D.
  
  Final
Correct Answer
B. Construction

Explanation
The construction phase of the SDLC typically requires the greatest percentage of the total cost for a custom development project. This phase involves the actual coding and development of the software, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. It requires skilled developers, project management, and testing efforts. The cost of hiring developers and allocating resources for this phase can significantly contribute to the overall cost of the project.

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35.

During the feasibility analysis phase of the SDLC, which of the following types of feasibility is not assessed?
- A.
  
  Economic
- B.
  
  Operational
- C.
  
  Time-driven
- D.
  
  Technical
Correct Answer
C. Time-driven

Explanation
During the feasibility analysis phase of the SDLC, the types of feasibility that are assessed include economic feasibility, operational feasibility, and technical feasibility. Time-driven feasibility, on the other hand, is not assessed during this phase. Time-driven feasibility refers to the assessment of whether the project can be completed within the given time constraints. While it is an important consideration, it is typically evaluated during the project planning and scheduling phase rather than the feasibility analysis phase.

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36.

Who usually takes primary responsibility for establishing the custom development costs for an SDLC project?
- A.
  
  End user
- B.
  
  Business manager
- C.
  
  IS analyst
- D.
  
  Both B and C
Correct Answer
C. IS analyst

Explanation
The IS analyst usually takes primary responsibility for establishing the custom development costs for an SDLC project. This is because the IS analyst is responsible for analyzing the project requirements, estimating the resources needed, and determining the associated costs. They have the expertise and knowledge to assess the technical aspects of the project and provide accurate cost estimates. The end user and business manager may provide input and requirements, but the IS analyst is the one who ultimately determines the custom development costs.

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37.

The ________ approach to systems development has often been referred to as the "waterfall" model.
- A.
  
  SDLC
- B.
  
  Prototyping
- C.
  
  RAD
- D.
  
  XP
Correct Answer
A. SDLC

Explanation
The correct answer is SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle). The SDLC approach to systems development is often referred to as the "waterfall" model because it follows a linear and sequential process. This means that each phase of the development cycle (such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance) is completed before moving on to the next phase. This approach is characterized by its structured and systematic nature, with each phase building upon the previous one.

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38.

Deciding what hardware and systems software will be used to operate the system and defining the processing modules that will comprise the system are part of which SDLC step?
- A.
  
  System building
- B.
  
  Requirements definition
- C.
  
  System design
- D.
  
  Feasibility analysis
Correct Answer
C. System design

Explanation
System design is the correct answer because it involves determining the hardware and systems software that will be used to operate the system, as well as defining the processing modules that will make up the system. This step is crucial in planning and creating the overall structure and architecture of the system before moving on to the next stages of the SDLC.

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39.

Testing a new custom system before implementation is the responsibility of:
- A.
  
  Both users and IS analysts.
- B.
  
  Users only.
- C.
  
  IS analysts only.
- D.
  
  Independent third parties.
Correct Answer
A. Both users and IS analysts.

Explanation
Testing a new custom system before implementation is the responsibility of both users and IS analysts because both parties have unique roles to play in the testing process. Users are responsible for testing the system from a functional perspective, ensuring that it meets their specific requirements and performs as expected. On the other hand, IS analysts are responsible for testing the system from a technical perspective, checking for any bugs, errors, or compatibility issues. By involving both users and IS analysts in the testing process, a comprehensive evaluation of the system can be conducted, addressing both user needs and technical aspects.

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40.

Which of the following accurately describes the order in which a system is tested?
- A.
  
  Module testing, subsystem testing, integration testing, acceptance testing
- B.
  
  Subsystem testing, acceptance testing, integration testing, module testing
- C.
  
  Acceptance testing, integration testing, subsystem testing, module testing
- D.
  
  Module testing, integration testing, subsystem testing, acceptance testing
Correct Answer
A. Module testing, subsystem testing, integration testing, acceptance testing

Explanation
The correct order in which a system is tested is module testing, subsystem testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing. Module testing involves testing individual components or modules of the system to ensure they function correctly. Subsystem testing involves testing a group of related modules together to ensure they work together properly. Integration testing involves testing the integration of different subsystems to ensure they work together seamlessly. Finally, acceptance testing involves testing the entire system to ensure it meets the requirements and is ready for deployment.

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41.

A conversion strategy whereby an organization continues to operate the old system together with the new one for one or more cycles, until the new system is working properly and the old system can be discontinued, is called a:
- A.
  
  Pilot strategy.
- B.
  
  Phased strategy.
- C.
  
  Cutover strategy.
- D.
  
  Parallel strategy.
Correct Answer
D. Parallel strategy.

Explanation
A parallel strategy is a conversion strategy where an organization operates both the old and new systems simultaneously for a period of time. This allows for a gradual transition and testing of the new system while still relying on the old system for backup and comparison. Once the new system is functioning properly, the old system can be discontinued.

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42.

A conversion strategy whereby the new system is first implemented in only part of the organization to solve any problems before implemented in the rest of the organization is called a:
- A.
  
  Pilot strategy.
- B.
  
  Phased strategy.
- C.
  
  Cutover strategy.
- D.
  
  Parallel strategy.
Correct Answer
A. Pilot strategy.

Explanation
A pilot strategy is a conversion strategy where the new system is initially implemented in only a part of the organization. This allows any problems or issues to be identified and resolved before the system is implemented in the rest of the organization. This approach helps to minimize risks and ensure a smooth transition to the new system.

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43.

The following diagram depicts which of the following conversion strategies?
- A.
  
  Parallel strategy
- B.
  
  Phased strategy
- C.
  
  Pilot strategy
- D.
  
  Entrepreneurial strategy
Correct Answer
B. pHased strategy

Explanation
The diagram represents a phased strategy for conversion. This strategy involves implementing the conversion process in distinct phases or stages, with each phase building upon the previous one. It allows for a systematic and controlled approach to the conversion, ensuring that each phase is successfully completed before moving on to the next. This strategy is often used when the conversion process is complex or requires significant changes to be made.

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44.

The following diagram depicts a cutover conversion strategy. Which of the following best characterizes this type of conversion strategies?
- A.
  
  Costly
- B.
  
  Time consuming
- C.
  
  Risky
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Risky

Explanation
A cutover conversion strategy is characterized as risky because it involves transitioning from an old system to a new one in a single, abrupt switch. This approach carries a higher level of risk as it leaves little room for error or fallback options. Any issues or problems that arise during the conversion can have significant consequences on the operation and functionality of the new system. Therefore, it is important to carefully plan and execute a cutover conversion strategy to mitigate potential risks and ensure a smooth transition.

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45.

The percentage of resources devoted to the maintenance of a system:
- A.
  
  Generally increases over time.
- B.
  
  Generally decreases over time.
- C.
  
  Generally stays about the same over time.
- D.
  
  Is variable depending on the system.
Correct Answer
A. Generally increases over time.

Explanation
The percentage of resources devoted to the maintenance of a system generally increases over time. This is because as a system ages, it becomes more prone to issues and requires more frequent repairs and updates. Additionally, as technology advances, new features and functionalities are introduced, which require additional maintenance efforts. As a result, the proportion of resources allocated to maintenance gradually increases to ensure the system's smooth operation and to address any potential problems that may arise.

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46.

Which of the following is not typically the responsibility of an IT project manager?
- A.
  
  Approve funds for the project
- B.
  
  Oversee multiple project phases
- C.
  
  Determine how long each development task will take
- D.
  
  Form a project team with appropriate knowledge and skills
Correct Answer
A. Approve funds for the project

Explanation
An IT project manager is typically responsible for overseeing multiple project phases, determining the duration of each development task, and forming a project team with the necessary knowledge and skills. However, approving funds for the project is not typically within their responsibilities. This task is usually handled by higher-level management or finance departments who have the authority and expertise to allocate and approve funds for various projects.

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47.

Which of the following best describes a responsibility of a systems analyst?
- A.
  
  Ensure the promised benefits of a system are achieved
- B.
  
  Develop detailed system requirements
- C.
  
  Train users
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Develop detailed system requirements

Explanation
A responsibility of a systems analyst is to develop detailed system requirements. This involves gathering and analyzing information from users and stakeholders to understand their needs and translate them into specific technical specifications for the system. By doing so, the systems analyst ensures that the system is designed and developed according to the desired functionality and objectives. This step is crucial in the system development life cycle as it lays the foundation for successful system implementation and helps in achieving the desired outcomes.

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48.

Which prototyping step is not the responsibility of the system builders?
- A.
  
  Develop initial prototype
- B.
  
  Use prototype and note desired changes
- C.
  
  Revise and enhance prototype
- D.
  
  Assist with converting the prototype to an operational system
Correct Answer
B. Use prototype and note desired changes

Explanation
The system builders are responsible for developing the initial prototype, revising and enhancing the prototype, and assisting with converting the prototype to an operational system. However, the step of using the prototype and noting desired changes is not their responsibility. This step typically involves the end-users or stakeholders who test the prototype and provide feedback on any necessary modifications or improvements.

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49.

Which of the following is not an advantage of prototyping?
- A.
  
  Only basic system requirements are needed at the front-end of the project.
- B.
  
  End-prototype typically has more security and control features than a system developed with an SDLC process.
- C.
  
  Strong top-down commitment may be less necessary at the outset of the project.
- D.
  
  User acceptance is likely to be higher than with a system developed using an SDLC process.
Correct Answer
B. End-prototype typically has more security and control features than a system developed with an SDLC process.

Explanation
Prototyping is a development approach that involves creating a working model of a system before fully developing it. One advantage of prototyping is that only basic system requirements are needed at the front-end of the project, allowing for flexibility and adaptability during the development process. Another advantage is that strong top-down commitment may be less necessary at the outset of the project, as prototyping allows for iterative feedback and adjustments. Additionally, user acceptance is likely to be higher with prototyping compared to a system developed using a traditional SDLC process. However, the given statement suggests that an end-prototype typically has more security and control features than a system developed with an SDLC process, which is not an advantage of prototyping.

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50.

Which of the following is typical for a pure prototyping approach?
- A.
  
  Firms use the approach to explore the use of newer technologies.
- B.
  
  Documentation is less complete than with traditional systems development approaches.
- C.
  
  Less security and control features are incorporated than with traditional SDLC approach.
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
A pure prototyping approach is typically characterized by firms using it to explore the use of newer technologies. In this approach, documentation is less complete compared to traditional systems development approaches. Additionally, less emphasis is placed on incorporating security and control features compared to the traditional SDLC approach. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

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Jul 15, 2012

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Itm 6015 Final Exam Practice

Which of the following is a type of control that is used to ensure the development of a high quality, reliable information system?

Why is it important for a system analyst to document formal as well as informal systems within an organization?

System testing only occurs when systems are initially developed.

Which of the following elements usually includes subcomponents to filter, translate, store, and correct data that flows through it

Using a sales tracking system as an example, the customer orders and customer returns of goods are examples of which type of system components?

Using a payroll system as an example, paychecks and W-2 forms are examples of which of the following system elements?

In basic systems terminology, the process of breaking down a system into successive levels of subsystems is called:

A numerical digit based on the other digits within a numerical identifier is referred to as a:

Which of the following is an example of a goal of hierarchical decomposition?

Which of the following is not an example of a principal method for system decoupling?

A physical system description depicts ________ the system operators, while a logical system description depicts ________ the system does.

Which of the following system descriptions depicts the function and purpose (the what) of the system without reference to, or implications for, the actual way in which the system will be implemented?

Which is a basic principle of business process reengineering (BPR) suggested by Hammer ?

As defined in the textbook, the generic systems development life cycle consists of the following three phases:

Which of the following best describes the definition phase of the systems life cycle?

Which of the following best describes the construction phase of the systems life cycle?

Which of the following describes an early step in the implementation phase of the systems life cycle?

Procedural-oriented approaches to systems design first involve the:

When a physical model of a system is depicted with a diagram, cylinders are used to represent:

Which of the following technique is most closely associated with the Logical To-Be model?

Which of the following is not graphically represented in a data flow diagram (DFD)?

When developing a logical data flow diagram, a circle indicates:

When developing a logical data flow diagram, a rectangle (or open rectangle) indicates:

The most common approach to defining data elements in a DFD is to create a(n):

All of the following are tools for representing the Logical To-Be model of an information system except a(n):

In the object-oriented (O-O) approach to software engineering, the term "encapsulation" refers to:

Which of the following diagrams is not part of the Unified Modeling Language for O-O modeling?

Which of the following statements is not true about system testing controls in the construction phase of the systems life cycle?

What set of international guidelines includes an extensive set for implementation management practices against which firms can benchmark their own practices?

Controls for the validity of data entered into an application program (such as ensuring that only numbers are entered into a numeric field) are referred to as:

Security measures that are concerned with whether or not users can run an application, read a file, or change data in a database, or can change who can access to data that others have created are referred to as:

One of the fundamental principles of systems analysis and design (SA&D) is that the logical system should be described before the physical system.

In general, the term "system" is defined as a set of interrelated components that must work together to achieve some common purpose.

The SDLC phase that typically requires the greatest percentage of the total cost for a custom development project is the ________ phase.

During the feasibility analysis phase of the SDLC, which of the following types of feasibility is not assessed?

Who usually takes primary responsibility for establishing the custom development costs for an SDLC project?

The ________ approach to systems development has often been referred to as the "waterfall" model.

Deciding what hardware and systems software will be used to operate the system and defining the processing modules that will comprise the system are part of which SDLC step?

Testing a new custom system before implementation is the responsibility of:

Which of the following accurately describes the order in which a system is tested?

A conversion strategy whereby an organization continues to operate the old system together with the new one for one or more cycles, until the new system is working properly and the old system can be discontinued, is called a:

A conversion strategy whereby the new system is first implemented in only part of the organization to solve any problems before implemented in the rest of the organization is called a:

The following diagram depicts which of the following conversion strategies?

The following diagram depicts a cutover conversion strategy. Which of the following best characterizes this type of conversion strategies?

The percentage of resources devoted to the maintenance of a system:

Which of the following is not typically the responsibility of an IT project manager?

Which of the following best describes a responsibility of a systems analyst?

Which prototyping step is not the responsibility of the system builders?

Which of the following is not an advantage of prototyping?

Which of the following is typical for a pure prototyping approach?

A physical system description depicts the system operators, while a logical system description depicts the system does.