1.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Any form of physical punishment
Correct Answer
B. Prohibited
Explanation
Physical punishment refers to any form of physical harm or violence inflicted on someone as a means of discipline or control. This can include hitting, slapping, or any other form of physical aggression. Prohibiting physical punishment means that it is not allowed or permitted in any circumstances. This is done to protect individuals from harm and promote non-violent means of discipline and conflict resolution.
2.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Any punishment that takes the form of immobilisation or deprivation of food
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
The practice described, which involves immobilisation or deprivation of food as a form of punishment, is considered to be prohibited.
3.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted?
Any punishment that is intended to humiliate or frighten a child or young person.
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
This practice is considered prohibited because any punishment that is intended to humiliate or frighten a child or young person is not allowed. Such punishments can have negative psychological and emotional effects on children, and can be considered as a form of abuse. Therefore, it is important to prohibit this practice to ensure the well-being and safety of children and young people.
4.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Aversive practices. This refers to the application of painful or noxious conditions. For example, an unwanted cold or hot bath, unwanted applications of chilli powder on food, unwanted squirting of liquid on a child’s or young person’s face or body parts.
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
The practice described in the question involves the application of painful or noxious conditions, such as unwanted cold or hot baths, unwanted applications of chilli powder on food, and unwanted squirting of liquid on a child's or young person's face or body parts. This type of practice is considered aversive and is therefore prohibited.
5.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Deprivation of a child’s or young person’s basic needs
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
The practice of depriving a child or young person of their basic needs is considered prohibited. This means that it is not allowed or forbidden by law. It is important to ensure that children and young people have access to their basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare in order to promote their well-being and development.
6.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Over-correction which refers to the requirement for a child or young person to correct and over-correct a disrupted situation following challenging behaviour, either by restoring the situation to an improved state or by repeatedly practising an alternative behaviour. (E.g.: requiring a child to clean the entire dining room if she or he has deliberately tipped a meal on the floor or practicing arm exercises if she or he bites their fingers).
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
The practice of over-correction, as described in the question, is prohibited. Over-correction involves requiring a child or young person to excessively correct a disrupted situation following challenging behavior. This could include tasks such as cleaning the entire dining room or practicing arm exercises. Prohibiting this practice suggests that it is considered inappropriate or ineffective in addressing challenging behavior.
7.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Chemical restraint: the intentional use of medication to control a child’s or young person’s behaviour where no medically identified condition has been identified. Part of the intended pharmacological effect of the drug is to sedate the person for convenience sake or disciplinary purposes.
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
Chemical restraint involves the intentional use of medication to control a child's or young person's behavior without any medically identified condition. This practice is considered unethical and harmful as it aims to sedate individuals for convenience or disciplinary purposes. Therefore, it is prohibited, meaning it is not allowed or permitted.
8.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Physical restraint where the use of this restraint is not in response to a behaviour that is likely to result in harm to the child or young person, or those around them. Physical restraint is the intentional restriction of a child’s or young person’s voluntary movement; and includes lap belts, table tops, posy restraints, bedrails, water chairs, deep chairs and beanbags.
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
Physical restraint is prohibited in this case because it is not being used in response to a behavior that is likely to result in harm to the child or those around them. The use of physical restraint should only be allowed when it is necessary to prevent harm, but in this situation, it is not justified.
9.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Seclusion: the placement of a child or young person in a room or place on their own where they cannot leave, as a short-term, crisis response to a critical incident.
Correct Answer
A. Prohibited
Explanation
Seclusion is a prohibited practice as the Children and Young Persons Care and Protection Act does not allow for this practice to be used with a child or young person in response to behaviour, or a critical incident without a court order specifically relating to the child, young person, and situation.
10.
6.2: Restricted practices -(you can select more than one option):
Correct Answer(s)
B. Can only be implemented after a range of strategies have been exhausted, as part of a formal multi-element Behaviour Support Plan.
D. Can only be implemented as part of the child or young person’s Case Plan.
Explanation
Restricted practices should only be used as a last resort, after all other strategies have been tried and failed. They should be part of a formal multi-element Behavior Support Plan, which includes a comprehensive approach to addressing the challenging behavior. Additionally, the use of restricted practices should be approved at a team meeting to ensure that all relevant stakeholders are involved in the decision-making process. They should also be implemented as part of the child or young person's Case Plan, which outlines their individual needs and goals.
11.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Response cost - This is a planned response to a specific behaviour that requires a child or young person to lose or forego predetermined positively valued items/activities as a consequence for their challenging behaviour and therefore has punitive properties for the child or young person.
Correct Answer
B. Restricted
Explanation
Response cost is a common discipline technique and as such would not normally require formal approval (for example, fighting over a toy may result in the removal of the toy until the dispute is resolved). However, if this practice is used to target particular challenging behaviours, it should be documented as part of the behaviour management plan, which would then require the consent of the person with parental responsibility for the child or young person. It should be noted that positive reinforcement (i.e. rewarding the child with a valued item/activity in response to appropriate behaviour) is often a far more positive and effective practice than response cost.
12.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Restricted access - Restricted access refers to conditions where the child or young person’s independent access to items/activities/experiences is limited by means of physical barriers in an attempt to decrease or limit their behaviour or access to them. For example, putting a lock on the fridge to prevent independent access to food.
Correct Answer
A. Restricted
Explanation
The correct answer is "Restricted" because the passage clearly defines restricted access as limiting a child or young person's independent access to items, activities, or experiences through physical barriers. This is done to decrease or limit their behavior or access to these things. The example given of putting a lock on the fridge to prevent independent access to food further supports the idea of restricted access. Therefore, the practice described in the passage is restricted, not prohibited.
13.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Exclusionary time out - this is where, following an occurrence of a specified challenging behaviour, the person is removed from the situation for a period as a means of denying access to positive reinforcement.
Correct Answer
B. Restricted
Explanation
This is part of an overall planned response aimed at changing or eliminating specific challenging behaviours.
There should be specific safeguards for the use of this strategy when the person is removed from one setting and physically moved to another setting (e.g. room, corridor) on their own, following the person’s demonstration of the identified behaviour. Exclusionary time-out may amount to a criminal assault or wrongful imprisonment, except when used as a temporary measure to restrain a child or young person who might otherwise seriously injure themselves or some other person.
14.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Non exclusionary time out - Non-exclusionary time-out describes a response to challenging behaviour in which carers withdraw their attention from the child or young person or withdraw from interaction or shared activity for a period of time so as not to reinforce the unacceptable behaviour.
Correct Answer
B. Restricted
Explanation
Non-exclusionary time-out is a common discipline technique and as such would not normally require formal approval. However, if this practice is used to target particular challenging behaviours, it should be documented as part of the behaviour management plan, which would then require the consent of the person with parental responsibility for the child or young person. Non-exclusionary time-out does not involve the forcible removal or confinement of the child or young person. Provided that this does not involve force or confinement it would not normally be considered unlawful. However, if it is intended to, or has the effect of, humiliating a child or young person it is prohibited.
15.
Is this practice prohibited or restricted? (6.2)
Psychotropic medication - Psychotropic medication refers to drugs that have an effect upon the individual child’s or young person’s mental state and whose prescribed intent is to affect or alter thought processes, mood or behaviour.
Correct Answer
A. Restricted
Explanation
Psychotropic medication is not completely prohibited but it is restricted. This means that while it is allowed under certain circumstances, there are limitations and regulations in place regarding its use. The use of psychotropic medication is closely monitored and controlled to ensure that it is used appropriately and in the best interest of the child or young person's mental health.