Latihan Soal Ekonomi Kls X

The correct answer is "Kebutuhan" because it refers to basic necessities or essential requirements that must be fulfilled in order to survive and live a decent life. It includes things like food, water, shelter, clothing, and healthcare. Meeting these needs is crucial for human well-being and is considered a fundamental requirement for individuals and communities.

The correct answer is "Kebutuhan yang tidak sebanding dengan jumlah alat pemuas kebutuhan" because it states that scarcity arises when the demand for goods and services exceeds the available supply. This means that there is a limited quantity of resources to fulfill the unlimited wants and needs of individuals. As a result, scarcity forces individuals and societies to make choices about how to allocate resources efficiently.

The correct answer is "Tradisional." The question asks for the system of economy that is based on tradition, and "Tradisional" fits this description. In a traditional economic system, economic activities are determined by customs, traditions, and cultural beliefs rather than market forces or government intervention.

The correct answer is "ekspor impor". In the circular flow diagram, the involvement of foreign communities is marked by the activities of exporting and importing goods and services. This indicates the flow of goods and services between countries, where one country exports its products to another country and imports products from another country. This involvement of foreign communities in the exchange of goods and services is an essential part of the circular flow of income and resources in the global economy.

The explanation for the correct answer is that a car (mobil) and gasoline (bensin) are considered complementary goods because they are used together. A car requires gasoline to be able to run, so they are interdependent and complement each other in their usage.

The correct answer is "Dasar". Tepung terigu merupakan bahan baku membuat roti karena dasar dari pembuatan roti adalah tepung terigu. Tepung terigu menjadi bahan utama yang digunakan dalam proses pembuatan roti karena memiliki kandungan gluten yang memberikan kelembutan dan kekenyalan pada adonan roti. Sehingga, dasar dari pembuatan roti adalah menggunakan tepung terigu sebagai bahan utamanya.

The correct answer is "Prinsip ekonomi." Prinsip ekonomi refers to the principles or guidelines that guide economic actions and decision-making. These principles help individuals and organizations make rational choices based on maximizing their resources and achieving their goals. They include concepts such as scarcity, opportunity cost, supply and demand, and efficiency. By understanding and applying these principles, individuals and organizations can make informed economic decisions and allocate their resources effectively.

Ekonomi makro adalah ilmu ekonomi yang membahas mekanisme bekerjanya perekonomian secara keseluruhan, termasuk faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi, inflasi, pengangguran, dan kebijakan fiskal dan moneter. Dalam konteks ini, ekonomi makro mempelajari fenomena ekonomi secara agregat, seperti tingkat keseluruhan output, pendapatan nasional, dan tingkat harga. Dalam perbandingan dengan ekonomi mikro yang mempelajari perilaku individu dan pasar, ekonomi makro lebih fokus pada analisis tingkat makro untuk memahami dan memprediksi perubahan ekonomi secara keseluruhan.

The correct answer is "Aturan rumah tangga" because the term "ekonomi" originated from the combination of "oikos" meaning house or household, and "nomos" meaning rule or law. Therefore, "aturan rumah tangga" accurately represents the meaning of the term "ekonomi" as the rules or laws governing the management of a household or household economy.

In a market economy, one of the key characteristics is the recognition of individual property rights. This means that individuals have the right to own and control property, including land, resources, and businesses. This allows individuals to make decisions about how to use and allocate their resources based on their own interests and preferences. It also provides incentives for individuals to invest, innovate, and take risks, as they can expect to benefit from the fruits of their labor and investment. Overall, the recognition of individual property rights is essential for the functioning of a market economy.

A company is said to experience a loss when its total revenue (TR) is less than its total cost (TC). This means that the company is not generating enough revenue to cover its expenses, resulting in a negative profit.

The core problem in economics is scarcity, which refers to the limited availability of resources compared to the unlimited wants and needs of individuals and society. This scarcity necessitates choices and trade-offs, as individuals and societies must prioritize their needs and wants due to the limited resources available. Therefore, the answer "Alat pemuas kebutuhan yang terbatas" (limited resources to satisfy needs) accurately reflects the central issue in economics.

The given information states that when the price of the book increases from 2 to 3, the quantity demanded decreases from 100 to 80. This indicates that the change in quantity demanded is proportionally smaller than the change in price, resulting in a coefficient of elasticity less than 1. Therefore, the demand is inelastic, meaning that a change in price has a relatively smaller impact on the quantity demanded.

The correct answer is 2, 4, and 5. This is because the activities of households as consumers involve using or consuming factors of production (such as labor, capital, and land) to produce goods and services (activity 2), using the produced goods and services for personal consumption (activity 4), and paying taxes to the government (activity 5). Activity 1, which is consuming factors of production, is more related to the activities of firms or businesses. Activity 3, which is producing goods and services, is not specifically mentioned as an activity of households as consumers.

The correct answer is "Pemerintah membuat peraturan perundang-undangan". This is because one of the roles of the government in regulating economic activities is to create laws and regulations that govern the behavior of individuals, businesses, and organizations. These laws and regulations provide a framework for economic activities, ensuring fairness, protecting consumer rights, and promoting competition. By creating and enforcing laws, the government can influence and shape the economic landscape of a country.

The correct answer is "Nilai pakai subjektif." This is because the statement suggests that shoes and socks are more useful for a student compared to a farmer. The concept of "nilai pakai subjektif" refers to the subjective value or usefulness of an item based on individual preferences and needs. In this case, the value or usefulness of shoes and socks is subjective and depends on the specific needs and circumstances of a student.

The given information states that when the price of the book increases from 2 to 3, the quantity demanded increases from 80 to 100. This indicates that the change in quantity demanded is not proportionally higher than the change in price. In other words, the demand is not very responsive to price changes, suggesting that the coefficient of elasticity is less than 1. Therefore, the correct answer is "inelastic."

The correct answer is "Individu." This is because the items mentioned (bag, shoes, and pen) are personal belongings that are used by individuals for their own personal use. They are not shared or used by a group or community, making them individual needs.

The correct answer is 2, 4, and 6. The question asks for the scope of macroeconomic problems. Macroeconomics focuses on the overall economy and analyzes factors such as inflation, national income, and unemployment. Options 1, 3, and 5 are related to microeconomic problems, which deal with individual markets, demand and supply, costs, and profits. Therefore, options 2, 4, and 6 are the correct choices as they align with the scope of macroeconomics.

The coefficient of elasticity measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in price. In this case, when the price of the book increased from 2 to 3, the quantity demanded decreased from 100 to 80. To calculate the coefficient of elasticity, we divide the percentage change in quantity demanded (20%) by the percentage change in price (50%). This gives us a coefficient of 0.4, indicating that the demand for the book is relatively elastic, meaning that a small change in price leads to a relatively larger change in quantity demanded.

The correct answer is Kapitalis. A capitalist economic system is characterized by private ownership of resources and means of production, where individuals and businesses operate for profit. It emphasizes competition and consumerism, where prices are determined by supply and demand in the market. This system allows for individuals to accumulate wealth and make economic decisions based on their own self-interest.

The correct answer is "Laba 3.000.000". To calculate the profit, we need to subtract the total cost from the total revenue. The total cost is the sum of the fixed cost (1.000.000) and the variable cost per unit (5.000 x 900 = 4.500.000), which equals 5.500.000. The total revenue is the number of units sold (900) multiplied by the selling price per unit (10.000), which equals 9.000.000. Therefore, the profit is 9.000.000 - 5.500.000 = 3.000.000.

The correct answer is 3.000.000.00. The opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is forgone when a decision is made. In this case, Santi had three options: a workshop business with a daily profit of Rp100.000,00, a printing/silk-screening business with a daily profit of Rp70.000,00, and a shipping agent business with a profit of Rp80.000.00 per day (equivalent to Rp2.400.000,00 per month). By choosing the shipping agent business, Santi is forgoing the profits from the other two options, which amounts to Rp2.400.000,00. Therefore, the opportunity cost per month is Rp2.400.000,00.

The total penerimaan (TR) can be calculated by multiplying the quantity sold (900 units) by the selling price per unit (10,000). Therefore, the total penerimaan is 900 units * 10,000 = 9,000,000.

The correct answer is 1,3 dan 5. The statement 1) indicates that utility can be measured in monetary units, which is a characteristic of cardinal utility. The statement 3) states that the level of utility is subjective, which is another characteristic of cardinal utility. The statement 5) suggests that the price of a good increases with the level of satisfaction, which is also a characteristic of cardinal utility. Therefore, the combination of statements 1, 3, and 5 indicates a consumer behavior approach with a cardinal utility approach.

Based on the table, the total product (TP) increases from 52 to 60 when the number of workers increases from 4 to 5. Therefore, the marginal utility (MU) of the 5th worker is 8, which is the difference between the total product with 5 workers (60) and the total product with 4 workers (52).

The average cost (AC) can be calculated by dividing the total cost (which includes both fixed and variable costs) by the number of units produced. In this case, the fixed cost is Rp 50.000 and the variable cost per unit is Rp 10.000. Since Pak Anton is producing 50 shoes, the total variable cost would be 50 x Rp 10.000 = Rp 500.000. Adding the fixed cost to the total variable cost gives a total cost of Rp 550.000. Dividing this by the number of units produced (50) gives an average cost of Rp 11.000 per shoe.

The coefficient of elasticity measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in price. In this case, the price of the book increased from 2 to 3, and the quantity demanded increased from 80 to 100. The formula for calculating the coefficient of elasticity is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. In this case, the percentage change in quantity demanded is (100-80)/80 = 0.25, and the percentage change in price is (3-2)/2 = 0.5. Therefore, the coefficient of elasticity is 0.25/0.5 = 0.5. This means that the demand for the book is relatively elastic, indicating that a small increase in price leads to a relatively large decrease in quantity demanded.

Based on the table above, the law of diminishing returns begins when the number of workers reaches 6. This is because the total product (TP) starts to increase at a slower rate compared to the increase in the number of workers. Before reaching 6 workers, the total product increases significantly with each additional worker. However, after reaching 6 workers, the total product only increases slightly or even decreases with each additional worker. Therefore, the correct answer is the number of workers being 5.

The purpose of consumption is to obtain satisfaction. When individuals consume goods and services, they do so with the intention of fulfilling their needs and desires, ultimately seeking satisfaction. Consuming goods and services provides individuals with a sense of fulfillment and contentment, which is the ultimate goal of consumption.

The correct answer is 2 and 4. The statement 2) "Kepuasan konsumen hanya dapat dibandingkan dengan produk lain" suggests that consumer satisfaction can only be compared to other products, indicating a relative measurement. This aligns with the ordinal approach, which focuses on ranking preferences rather than assigning specific values. Additionally, statement 4) "Menggunakan analisis kurva indeferen" refers to the use of indifference curve analysis, which is a tool commonly used in ordinal utility theory to understand consumer preferences and choices. Therefore, both statements 2 and 4 support the idea of a consumer behavior approach with an ordinal perspective.

The total cost (TC) can be calculated by adding the fixed cost (Rp 50.000) to the variable cost per unit (Rp 10.000) multiplied by the number of units (50). Therefore, the total cost is Rp 50.000 + (Rp 10.000 x 50) = Rp 50.000 + Rp 500.000 = Rp 550.000.

The total cost (TC) can be calculated by adding the fixed cost (1,000,000) to the variable cost per unit (5,000) multiplied by the number of units sold (900). Therefore, the total cost is 1,000,000 + (5,000 * 900) = 6,000,000.

The average variable cost (AVC) is calculated by dividing the total variable cost by the quantity produced. In this case, the total variable cost is Rp 10.000 per sepatu, and the quantity produced is 50 sepatu. Therefore, the AVC is Rp 10.000 divided by 50, which equals Rp 200 per sepatu.

One characteristic that indicates a mixed economic system is that the state controls vital sectors. In a mixed economic system, both the government and private individuals or entities have control over the means of production and allocation of resources. However, the state may choose to have control over certain sectors that are considered vital for national security, public welfare, or strategic importance. This allows the government to regulate and ensure the stability and efficiency of these sectors, while still allowing for private ownership and market forces to operate in other areas of the economy.

The average fixed cost (AFC) is calculated by dividing the total fixed cost by the quantity of output. In this case, the total fixed cost is Rp 50,000 and the quantity of output is 50 shoes. Therefore, the AFC is Rp 1,000.

The equilibrium price is determined by setting the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied. In this case, the quantity demanded (Qd) is given by the equation Qd = 80 - 2P, and the quantity supplied (Qs) is given by the equation Qs = -120 + 8P. By setting these two equations equal to each other and solving for P, we can find the equilibrium price. In this case, when solving the equations, we find that the equilibrium price is 20.

The given information states that when the price of oranges is 2, the supply is 80. When the price increases to 3, the demand becomes 100. By analyzing this data, we can determine that the supply function is positively related to price, as an increase in price leads to an increase in supply. The equation 20P+40 represents this relationship, where 20P indicates the positive relationship with price and 40 represents the constant term.

The equilibrium quantity is determined by setting the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied. In this case, the demand function is Qd=80-2P and the supply function is Qs=-120+8P. By setting these two equations equal to each other and solving for P, we can find the equilibrium price. Substituting this equilibrium price back into either the demand or supply function will give us the equilibrium quantity. In this case, the equilibrium quantity is 40.

The given information states that when the price of oranges is 2, the demand is 100. When the price increases to 3, the demand decreases to 80. By analyzing the data, we can determine that the demand function is a linear equation of the form "P = mQ + b," where P represents the price and Q represents the quantity demanded. Using the given data points, we can calculate the slope (m) as -20 and the y-intercept (b) as 140. Therefore, the demand function can be expressed as -20P + 140.