Latin I 3rd Six Weeks Benchmark Practice Test

The nominative case marks the subject of a sentence or a predicate nominative(noun) or predicate adjective. For example, in "Shirley is a doctor." the subject is Shirley and the predicate noun is doctor. Therefore, in Latin, both Shirley and doctor would be in the nominative case.

The accusative case is used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. For example, in the sentence "I am eating a doughnut." the direct object is doughnut. Therefore, in Latin, the word doughnut would be put in the accusative case.

The accusative case can also be used in prepositional phrases, but that is only with certain prepositions. The general rule of thumb is that if a preposition shows movement, like "into" or "towards", then the object of the preposition, which is always a noun, will be in the accusative case.

The neuter gender is actually the lack of a gender. For example, while puella (girl) and filius (son) all have genders, feminine and masculine respectively, bellum (war) is not masc. or fem. Therefore, the gender of bellum (war) is neuter.

In the second declension, both the dative and ablative singular cases have the same ending: -o

The 2nd declension accusative singular ending is -um. Remember that accusative singular always ends in an with an 'm'.

In the second declension, the nominative plural and genitive singular have the same ending: -i.

A sentence that is in the active voice uses an active verb. This is when the subject is doing the action. For example, in "I love you." the pronoun I is the one who is doing the loving, or the action.

A sentence that is in the passive voice uses an passive verb. This is when the subject is receiving the action. For example, in "You are loved by me." the pronoun You is not doing the loving, but is being loved by another. Someone else (me) who is not the subject is doing the action. Therefore, the sentence is in passive voice.

The pronoun that goes with 1st person singular is "I". This pronoun is used when referring to oneself as the subject of a sentence or clause. It is the correct choice for the given question as it matches the 1st person singular form.

The pronoun that goes with 1st person plural is "we". This pronoun is used when referring to a group of people that includes the speaker. It is commonly used to include oneself along with others in a statement or question.

The pronoun "you" is used for both the 2nd person singular and plural. It is a versatile pronoun that can refer to one person or multiple people. In English, "you" is used to address or refer to the person or people being spoken to, regardless of whether it is one individual or a group of individuals.

The pronoun that goes with 3rd person singular can be either "he," "she," or "it." These pronouns are used to refer to a singular person or thing. "He" is used when referring to a male, "she" is used when referring to a female, and "it" is used when referring to a non-living object or an animal.

The pronoun "they" is the correct choice to go with the 3rd person plural. It is used to refer to a group of people or things.

All Latin verbs are part of a conjugations. Verbs in a conjugations are similarly conjugated.

The formula for translating a passive verb is: to be + past tense of verb.

The correct answer is "we live, we live., we do live, we are living, we are living." The verb "habitare" means "to live" in Latin. The given options all accurately translate the present tense of "habitamus" which means "we live" or "we are living".

The ablative case is a bit of a confusing case. That it because it doesn't just show one thing, unlike the others. The most common use of the ablative case is for objects of prepositions. For example, in the sentence "I went to the park." the prepositional phrase is "to the park" and the object of the preposition is park. Therefore, in Latin, park would be in the ablative case.

There are other uses for the ablative case. The general rule of thumb is that if it doesn't fit into any of the other cases, then it's probably supposed to be in the ablative case.

The dative case shows indicates the noun to whom something is given to. In other words, it is the indirect object. For example, in the sentence "Brandy throws Holly a pencil." pencil is the direct object and Holly is the indirect object. Therefore, in Latin, Holly would be in the dative case.

All nouns have gender, case, and number.

First declension nouns are generally feminine, such as lupa (she-wolf) and filia (daughter). However, there are some words in this declension that are masculine, such as athleta (athlete) and nauta (sailor).

The 1st declension accusative singular ending is -am. Remember that all accusative singular endings end in 'm'.

In all of the declensions, both the ablative and dative plural ending is -is.

In the second declension, both the nominative and accusative singular end in -um.

In first person singular first conjugation verbs, you drop the -are, and add the -o. For example, for amare(to love), take off the -re, add the -o, and you get amo(I love). In first person singular second conjugation verbs, you drop the -re and add the -o. For example, habere(to have) becomes habeo (I have).

In regards to first conjugation verbs, you only remove the -are for the first person singular. In all other forms of the verb, you just remove the -re.

The active personal ending for 2nd person singular is "-s". This ending is used to indicate that the action is being performed by the subject who is singular and in the second person. It is commonly used in verb conjugation to match the subject of the sentence. For example, in the sentence "You run", the verb "run" is conjugated with the "-s" ending to match the second person singular subject "You".

The active personal ending for 3rd person singular is "-t". This ending is used to indicate that the subject of the verb is a singular third person, such as "he" or "she". It is added to the base form of the verb to form the present tense. For example, in the verb "run", the 3rd person singular form is "runs".

The passive personal ending for 3rd person plural is "-ntur". This ending is used to indicate that the action is being done to the subject by someone or something else. For example, in the sentence "The books are being read by the students," the word "are being read" is in the passive voice and the "-ntur" ending is used to show that the action of reading is being done to the books by the students.

In the second declension, both the dative and ablative plural have the same ending: -is. Also, both the dative and ablative singular have the same ending: -o.

Every noun can be described by three things. One of those is case. The case a noun is in shows you what that noun's function is in the sentence. Latin has 7 cases, 5 which are the most commonly used.

The genitive case marks a noun (or pronoun) as modifying another noun. It simply shows possession. For example, in the sentence "Kyle's brother had an ear infection." the subject of the sentence is brother and Kyle is the one who "possesses" the brother. Or in other words, who's brother is it? It it Kyle's. Therefore, in Latin, Kyle's would be in the genitive case.

Latin has 5 declensions. A declension is simply just a group of nouns that have have similar endings when they are put into the 5 cases.

In the 1st declension, the genitive singular, dative singular, and the nominative plural all have the same ending: -ae.

In the second declension, both the nominative and accusative plural have the same ending: -a.

The ending for second conjugation verbs is -ere.

Remember:
A before E
Even alphabetically

The passive infinitive ending for 1st Conjugation verbs is -ari.

A victory won with many losses, specifically on the winning side, is a Pyrrhic victory.

The passive personal ending for 2nd person plural is "-mini". This ending is used in passive voice to indicate that the action is being done to a group of people. For example, in Latin, "amamini" means "you all are loved" or "you all are being loved". The "-mini" ending is specific to the 2nd person plural and is commonly used in various verb conjugations in Latin.

Second declension nouns are primarily masculine (in the nominative singular case, ending with -us, -er, -ir) or neuter (in the nominative singular case, ending with -um).

Every verb has tense, person, and number.

The ending for first conjugation verbs is -are.

Remember:
A before E
Even alphabetically

The passive infinitive ending for 2nd Conjugation verbs is -eri.

Intransitive verbs cannot have direct objects, while transitive verbs can and usually will. For example, in "I see dinosaurs", the verb "see" is transitive because it can and does have a direct object. But in the sentence "I fly to the moon", the verb "fly" is intransitive because it doesn't and cannot have a direct object.

Because an adjective has to agree with a noun, it has to agree with everything that a noun has. And nouns have case, number, and gender.
An adjective that modifies a masculine noun gets declined like a 2nd Declension Masculine noun.
An adjective that modifies a feminine noun gets declined like a 1st Declension noun.
An adjective that modifies a neuter noun gets declined like a 2nd Declension neuter noun.

The passive personal ending for 1st person plural is "-mur". This ending is used to indicate that the action is being done to the subject by someone else. For example, in Latin, "amamus" means "we love" in the active voice, but "amamur" means "we are loved" in the passive voice. The "-mur" ending specifically indicates that the subject is the 1st person plural, meaning "we".