Linux LPI 117-101 # 3 Of 9

1. Which utility can be used to convert a .rpm package to .deb package
format? (Without arguments)

alien is a program that converts between Redhat rpm, Debian deb, Stampede slp,
Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats. If you want to use a package from another
linux distribution than the one you have installed on your system, you can use alien to
convert it to your preferred package format and install it. It also supports LSB packages.

Explanation

alien is a program that converts between Redhat rpm, Debian deb, Stampede slp,
Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats. If you want to use a package from another
linux distribution than the one you have installed on your system, you can use alien to
convert it to your preferred package format and install it. It also supports LSB packages.

Submit

2. Type in the command line to upgrade a package using the apt-get command. The
package name is package1.

Updating Information on Available Packages
To update information on available packages, issue the following command:
apt-get updateInstalling a PackageTo install a specified package, issue the following
command:apt-get install packagewhere package specifies the name of the package to be
installed.Upgrading Installed PackagesTo automatically upgrade all installed packages to
the latest available version, issue the following command:apt-get upgrade package

Explanation

Updating Information on Available Packages
To update information on available packages, issue the following command:
apt-get updateInstalling a PackageTo install a specified package, issue the following
command:apt-get install packagewhere package specifies the name of the package to be
installed.Upgrading Installed PackagesTo automatically upgrade all installed packages to
the latest available version, issue the following command:apt-get upgrade package

Submit

3. Which of the following commands can be used to create a tar archive file in verbose
mode?

Tar -v

Tar -cvf

Tar -c

Tar -vf

To create a tar file with verbose mode
tar -cvf tarfilename sourcefiles
Some Common Options:
c Create a tar file
t Test a tar file
x Extract a tar file
v Verbose
f Tar Filename

Explanation

To create a tar file with verbose mode
tar -cvf tarfilename sourcefiles
Some Common Options:
c Create a tar file
t Test a tar file
x Extract a tar file
v Verbose
f Tar Filename

4. You wish to install a package named package.deb using the apt-get tool. Type the
simplest command line to do this.

To install the package using apt-get command

Explanation

To install the package using apt-get command

Submit

5. The ______ command is typically used to search files for a specified string.

grep command prints lines of files where pattern is matched.
Eg: grep root /etc/passwd à will display all lines from /etc/paswd matching the root pattern.

Explanation

grep command prints lines of files where pattern is matched.
Eg: grep root /etc/passwd à will display all lines from /etc/paswd matching the root pattern.

Submit

6. While installing from source code you don't see the configuration script. What
command can you run to compile the code?

Make configure

Install

Install makefile

Make

The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which
pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile
them. example C programs, since they are most common, but you can use make with any
programming language whose compiler can be run with a shell command. In fact, make
is not limited to programs. You can use it to describe any task where some files must be
updated automatically from others whenever the others change.
To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the
relationships among files in your program, and the states the commands for updating
each file. In a program,typically the executable file is updated from object files, which
are in turn
made by compiling source files.
So, make command compile the source code.

Explanation

The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which
pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile
them. example C programs, since they are most common, but you can use make with any
programming language whose compiler can be run with a shell command. In fact, make
is not limited to programs. You can use it to describe any task where some files must be
updated automatically from others whenever the others change.
To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the
relationships among files in your program, and the states the commands for updating
each file. In a program,typically the executable file is updated from object files, which
are in turn
made by compiling source files.
So, make command compile the source code.

7. You want to install a new software package, but it is only available in
RPM format and you are running Debian Linux. Which of the following
would help you to install it on your system?

Alien

Apt-conf

Dselect

Cpio

alien is a program that converts between Redhat rpm, Debian deb,
Stampede slp, Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats. If you want to use a
package from another linux distribution than the one you have installed on your
system, you can use alien to convert it to your preferred package format and install
it. It also supports LSB packages.

Explanation

alien is a program that converts between Redhat rpm, Debian deb,
Stampede slp, Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats. If you want to use a
package from another linux distribution than the one you have installed on your
system, you can use alien to convert it to your preferred package format and install
it. It also supports LSB packages.

8. Which of the following commands can be used to extract a tar file?

Tar -vf

Tar -xvf

Tar -e

Tar -v

tar -xvf tarfile
Some Common Options:
c Create a tar file
t Test a tar file
x Extract a tar file
v Verbose
f Tar Filename

Explanation

tar -xvf tarfile
Some Common Options:
c Create a tar file
t Test a tar file
x Extract a tar file
v Verbose
f Tar Filename

9. Type in the command to update the apt-get database with new or updated packages.

Updating Information on Available Packages
To update information on available packages, issue the following command:
apt-get updateInstalling a PackageTo install a specified package, issue the following
command:apt-get install packagewhere package specifies the name of the package to be
installed.Upgrading Installed PackagesTo automatically upgrade all installed packages to
the latest available version, issue the following command:apt-get upgrade package

Explanation

Updating Information on Available Packages
To update information on available packages, issue the following command:
apt-get updateInstalling a PackageTo install a specified package, issue the following
command:apt-get install packagewhere package specifies the name of the package to be
installed.Upgrading Installed PackagesTo automatically upgrade all installed packages to
the latest available version, issue the following command:apt-get upgrade package

Submit

10. What is filename including full path, of the file used to configure library path
settings for a system?

/usr/lib/lib.so.1

/etc/lib.conf

/etc/ld.so.conf

/usr/lib/modules/modules.conf

None of the above

/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma
spearated directories in which to search for libraries. So you should specify the full path
the libraries in /etc/ld.so.conf file.

Explanation

/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma
spearated directories in which to search for libraries. So you should specify the full path
the libraries in /etc/ld.so.conf file.

11. What environment variable will set the path for added libraries?

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

LIBPATH

LPATH

LIB

None of the above

the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environmental variable set the path for
added libraries. You can display environmental varialble using env command.

Explanation

the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environmental variable set the path for
added libraries. You can display environmental varialble using env command.

12. To what environment variable will you assign or append a value if
you need to tell the dynamic linker to look in a build directory for some
of a program's shared libraries?

LD_LOAD_PATH

LD_LIB_PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

LD_SHARE_PATH

LD_RUN_PATH

the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environmental variable set the path for
added libraries. You can display environmental varialble using env command.

Explanation

the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environmental variable set the path for
added libraries. You can display environmental varialble using env command.

13. What command will display the needed libraries for the program myprog1 to run?

ldd command prints the shared libraries required by each program or
shared library specified on the command line.

Explanation

ldd command prints the shared libraries required by each program or
shared library specified on the command line.

Submit

14. You wish to install a debian package using dpkg called debianpackage.deb. Give the
simplest command line to do this.

There are two different options -i or -install. Convention is short option starts from - and
long option starts from -- .
If you have a package file containing a package you want to install, the simplest way to
install the package is to use the dpkg command:
dpkg --install packagefile
where packagefile stands for the name of the package file, which generally ends with the
characters .deb. If all the prerequisite packages have already been installed and if the
package does not conflict with any installed packages, the command will unpack the
package files, move them to their proper locations, and execute the scripts necessary to
configure the package.

Explanation

There are two different options -i or -install. Convention is short option starts from - and
long option starts from -- .
If you have a package file containing a package you want to install, the simplest way to
install the package is to use the dpkg command:
dpkg --install packagefile
where packagefile stands for the name of the package file, which generally ends with the
characters .deb. If all the prerequisite packages have already been installed and if the
package does not conflict with any installed packages, the command will unpack the
package files, move them to their proper locations, and execute the scripts necessary to
configure the package.

Submit

15. What RPM command would show you detailed information for a package called
openssh-3.6.i386.rpm?

Rpm --showinformation openssh-3.6.i386.rpm

Rpm -- showdetails openssh-3.6.i386.rpm

Rpm -qi openssh-3.6.i386.rpm

Rpm -- verify openssh-3.6.i386.rpm

-qi option queried and display the information about the package.

Explanation

-qi option queried and display the information about the package.

16. After a minor security incident you are instructed by your lead sys-admin to verify the
RPM's installed on a running system. Which command will create a complete report which you can analyze for changes which may be security related?

Rpm -Va >report

Rpm -Qavy >report

Rpm -Vqt --nomd5 >report

Rpm --checkfiles >report

Rpm -Va --nofiles >report

Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in
the package with information about the files taken from the package metadata
stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5
sum, permissions, type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are
displayed.
To verify the package:
rpm -Va or -verify -a packagename

Explanation

Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in
the package with information about the files taken from the package metadata
stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5
sum, permissions, type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are
displayed.
To verify the package:
rpm -Va or -verify -a packagename

17. What operation of the make utility cannot normally be performed as a normal user?

Mrproper

Clean

Dep

Depends

Install

make install or install command creates/writes the files or directory on
different directory. To write or to create user required write permission to parent
directory. Generally, normal users doesn't have write permission to system
directory.

Explanation

make install or install command creates/writes the files or directory on
different directory. To write or to create user required write permission to parent
directory. Generally, normal users doesn't have write permission to system
directory.

18. You want to find out what files are contained in a tar file. How would you do this?

Use the tar command with the -t switch

Use the tar command with the -r switch

Use the grep command

Use the find command

To test the tar files by displaying the contents of tar file use the -t or
--list option on tar command.
Example: tar -t tarfilename.tar

Explanation

To test the tar files by displaying the contents of tar file use the -t or
--list option on tar command.
Example: tar -t tarfilename.tar

19. User Joseph has successfully extracted and compiled a program from
source code. Installing the binaries produces errors. What is the most
likely reason?

The source code was complied for a different CPU.

The permissions set in the /usr/bin directory are wrong.

The binaries require root privileges to be installed.

The wrong prefix was used during configuration of the source code.

The most likely reason for the errors occurring during the installation of the binaries is that they require root privileges to be installed. Root privileges are necessary for certain system-level operations, such as modifying system directories or accessing restricted resources. Without the proper permissions, the installation process may encounter errors and fail to complete successfully.

Explanation

The most likely reason for the errors occurring during the installation of the binaries is that they require root privileges to be installed. Root privileges are necessary for certain system-level operations, such as modifying system directories or accessing restricted resources. Without the proper permissions, the installation process may encounter errors and fail to complete successfully.

20. On boot, your system shows messages that mention library file errors. What
command should you type (command only) to attempt to fix the library errors?

ldconfig command is used to configure dynamic linker run time
bindings

Explanation

ldconfig command is used to configure dynamic linker run time
bindings

Submit

22. What tool can you use to print shared library dependencies?

Ldconfig

Ldd

Libdep

Libpath

Ldev

Explanation: ldd command prints the shared libraries required by each program or
shared library specified on the command line.
Example: ldd libdb.so.3
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x00237000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0021e000)

Explanation

Explanation: ldd command prints the shared libraries required by each program or
shared library specified on the command line.
Example: ldd libdb.so.3
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x00237000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0021e000)

23. What is the full path including the filename of the configuration file that stores the
locations of all library files on the system?

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent
shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file
/etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by
the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of
the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links
updated.
Some files:
/lib/ld.so run-time linker/loader
/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma spearated
directories in which to search for libraries.
/etc/ld.so.cache File containing an ordered list of libraries found in the directories
specified in /etc/ld.so.conf.

Explanation

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent
shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file
/etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by
the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of
the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links
updated.
Some files:
/lib/ld.so run-time linker/loader
/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma spearated
directories in which to search for libraries.
/etc/ld.so.cache File containing an ordered list of libraries found in the directories
specified in /etc/ld.so.conf.

Submit

24. What is the correct syntax to remove Certkiller entirely from a Debian System
including configuration files?

Dpkg -r Certkiller

Dpkg --remove Certkiller

Dpkg --kill Certkiller

Dpkg -R Certkiller

Dpkg --purge Certkiller

To remove an installed package, use the command
dpkg --remove package à this command does not remove package configuration files,
which may facilitate subsequent re-installation of the package. If you want to remove the
configuration files as well, use the command:
dpkg --purge package

Explanation

To remove an installed package, use the command
dpkg --remove package à this command does not remove package configuration files,
which may facilitate subsequent re-installation of the package. If you want to remove the
configuration files as well, use the command:
dpkg --purge package

25. You have a package called debianpkg.deb and wish to convert it to an rpm.
Type the command line that will do this for you including switches.

Debian Linux generally uses .deb format packages and Redhat uses .rpm format packages. There is a command named alien used to convert .deb to

Explanation

Debian Linux generally uses .deb format packages and Redhat uses .rpm format packages. There is a command named alien used to convert .deb to

Submit

26. You are compiling some software from source. After running ./configure with the
appropriate arguments and no errors, what is the next command to run?

The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which
pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile
them. example C programs, since they are most common, but you can use make with any
programming language whose compiler can be run with a shell command. In fact, make
is not limited to programs. You can use it to describe any task where some files must be
updated automatically from others whenever the others change.
To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the
relationships among files in your program, and the states the commands for updating
each file. In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object files, which
are in turn
made by compiling source files.

Explanation

The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which
pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to recompile
them. example C programs, since they are most common, but you can use make with any
programming language whose compiler can be run with a shell command. In fact, make
is not limited to programs. You can use it to describe any task where some files must be
updated automatically from others whenever the others change.
To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the
relationships among files in your program, and the states the commands for updating
each file. In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object files, which
are in turn
made by compiling source files.

Submit

27. What file is read by the program ldconfig?

/lib/ld.so

/etc/ld.so.conf

/etc/ld.so.cache

/etc/modules.conf

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent shared libraries
found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and
in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by the run-time linker,
ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of the libraries it
encounters when determining which versions should have their links updated.
Some files:
/lib/ld.so run-time linker/loader
/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma spearated
directories in which to search for libraries.
/etc/ld.so.cache File containing an ordered list of libraries found in the directories
specified in /etc/ld.so.conf.

Explanation

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent shared libraries
found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file /etc/ld.so.conf, and
in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by the run-time linker,
ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of the libraries it
encounters when determining which versions should have their links updated.
Some files:
/lib/ld.so run-time linker/loader
/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma spearated
directories in which to search for libraries.
/etc/ld.so.cache File containing an ordered list of libraries found in the directories
specified in /etc/ld.so.conf.

28. Type the command line including switches to convert and install a Redhat package
named package.rpm on a Debian system?

Redhat packages are in .rpm format and debian packages are in .deb
format. To convert or to install the .rpm packages on debian linux:
alien -i or --install package.rpm

Explanation

Redhat packages are in .rpm format and debian packages are in .deb
format. To convert or to install the .rpm packages on debian linux:
alien -i or --install package.rpm

Submit

29. Which utility can you call to find out what shared libraries a program is using?

Ldd

Ld.so

Modprobe

Ldconfig

Ld-linux.so

ldd command prints the shared libraries required by each program or
shared library specified on the command line.
Example: ldd libdb.so.3
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x00237000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0021e000)

Explanation

ldd command prints the shared libraries required by each program or
shared library specified on the command line.
Example: ldd libdb.so.3
libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/libc.so.6 (0x00237000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0021e000)

30. You are preparing a new set of shared libraries in /usr/local/applib and you have
written and compiled some code that uses these libraries. You have already
performed and ldconfig, however the system still cannot find the shared libraries.
What is most likely the cause of this?

You used the wrong compiler.

Your did not update your PATH variable.

You compiled the code with wrong library.

You forgot to put the library path in ld.so.conf

/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma
spearated directories in which to search for libraries. So you should specify the path the
libraries in /etc/ld.so.conf file.

Explanation

/etc/ld.so.conf File containing a list of colon, space, tab, newline, or comma
spearated directories in which to search for libraries. So you should specify the path the
libraries in /etc/ld.so.conf file.

31. What is the name and full path to the location of the dpkg database?

Local database is maintain in debian as well as in redhat. /var/lib/dpkg
is the local package database for debian linux and /var/lib/rpm for redhat.

Explanation

Local database is maintain in debian as well as in redhat. /var/lib/dpkg
is the local package database for debian linux and /var/lib/rpm for redhat.

Submit

32. How can you list files owned by a specific .deb package?

Dpkg -L package

Dpkg --dump package

Dselect --dump package

Dselect -L package

To list the files installed from a specified package, issue the command:
dpkg --listfiles package or dpkg -L package

Explanation

To list the files installed from a specified package, issue the command:
dpkg --listfiles package or dpkg -L package

33. What command will uninstall a package but leave its configuration
Files in case a package is re-installed?

None, no command will do this

Dpkg -s pkgname

Dpkg -L pkgname

Dpkg -P pkgname

Dpkg -r pkgname

To remove an installed package, use the command
dpkg --remove package or dpkg -r packageThis command does not remove package
configuration files, which may facilitate subsequent re-installation of the package. If you
want to remove the configuration files as well, use the command:dpkg --purge package

Explanation

To remove an installed package, use the command
dpkg --remove package or dpkg -r packageThis command does not remove package
configuration files, which may facilitate subsequent re-installation of the package. If you
want to remove the configuration files as well, use the command:dpkg --purge package

34. What would the command "rpm --allmatches rpmname" do?

Remove all packages named allmatches

Remove all packages with the package name rpmname

Remove all packages regardless of name

Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME

Explanation

Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME

35. What is a reasonable command to uninstall a Debian package from
your system?

Dpkg -Ra pkgname

Dpkg -R pkgname

Dpkg -r pkgname

Dpkg -ra pkgname

dpkg ?r | ??remove
Remove an installed package. ?r or ??remove remove everything except configuration
files. This may avoid having to reconfigure the package if it is reinstalled later.

Explanation

dpkg ?r | ??remove
Remove an installed package. ?r or ??remove remove everything except configuration
files. This may avoid having to reconfigure the package if it is reinstalled later.

36. What is the difference between the -remove and the -purge action with the dpkg
command?

Remove removes the program, -purge also removes the config files

Remove only removes the program, -purge only removes the config files

Remove removes a package, -purge also removes all packages dependent on it

Remove removes only the package file itself, -purge removes all files related to the package

-r or --remove remove everything except configuration files. This
may avoid having to reconfigure the package if it is reinstalled later. (Configuration
files are the files listed in the debian/conffiles control file). ?P or ??purge removes
everything, including configuration files. If -a or --pending is given instead of a package name, then all packages unpacked, but marked to be removed or purged in file /var/lib/dpkg/status, are removed or purged, respectively.

Explanation

-r or --remove remove everything except configuration files. This
may avoid having to reconfigure the package if it is reinstalled later. (Configuration
files are the files listed in the debian/conffiles control file). ?P or ??purge removes
everything, including configuration files. If -a or --pending is given instead of a package name, then all packages unpacked, but marked to be removed or purged in file /var/lib/dpkg/status, are removed or purged, respectively.

37. What will happen when the following command is issued?
rpm -Uvh file

The rpm file will be verified

The installed package will be upgraded with the package in file, with verbose output

The installed package may be upgraded with the package called file, giving verbose output and hash marks to show installation

An error will occur as a package specifier was not included in the command line

This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer
version. It checks either old version is installed or not, if installed then it will
upgrade to newer and install new if not installed.

Explanation

This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer
version. It checks either old version is installed or not, if installed then it will
upgrade to newer and install new if not installed.

38. Type the command line that will list information, and all file locations on the
installed package mypackage?

Some common options of rpm command
-i or --install à Install the New package
-U or --upgrade à Upgrade the Package
-e or --erase à Remove the package
-q or --query à Query the package
-qi à Query the information of package
-ql àQuery and list all files belongs to package. Multiple options can be combined on single - and order can be different.

Explanation

Some common options of rpm command
-i or --install à Install the New package
-U or --upgrade à Upgrade the Package
-e or --erase à Remove the package
-q or --query à Query the package
-qi à Query the information of package
-ql àQuery and list all files belongs to package. Multiple options can be combined on single - and order can be different.

Submit

39. Type the simplest command with switches to unpack a compressed archive named
file1.tar.gz?

Generally files will archive using tar command. To archive tar cvf tarfilename.tar source files To extract from the tar archive file: tar xvf tarfilename.tar
In QUESTION showing the file archived as well as compressed using gzip command.
We can archive as well as compress at one time using:
tar -czfv tarfilename.cgz or first create the archive file and then compress using gzip or gzip2 command.
To extract :
tar -zxf filename
or
uncompress the file : gunzip compressedfile
extract from the tar. tar xvf tarfile.

Explanation

Generally files will archive using tar command. To archive tar cvf tarfilename.tar source files To extract from the tar archive file: tar xvf tarfilename.tar
In QUESTION showing the file archived as well as compressed using gzip command.
We can archive as well as compress at one time using:
tar -czfv tarfilename.cgz or first create the archive file and then compress using gzip or gzip2 command.
To extract :
tar -zxf filename
or
uncompress the file : gunzip compressedfile
extract from the tar. tar xvf tarfile.

Submit

40. You want to add files to a previously created tar file. You want to replace existing
files with newer files, how can you do this?

Use the append command

Use the tar command with the -t switch

Use the add command

Use the tar command with the -u switch

To append the newer or updated files only on existing tar file either use the -u or --update option on tar command
Example: tar -u tarfilename.tar sourcefile

Explanation

To append the newer or updated files only on existing tar file either use the -u or --update option on tar command
Example: tar -u tarfilename.tar sourcefile

41. Which TWO of the following commands allows you to manage .deb packages?

Dpkg

Deb

Dselect

Debselect

dselect - console Debian package handling frontend
dpkg - package manager for Debian

Explanation

dselect - console Debian package handling frontend
dpkg - package manager for Debian

Submit

42. You are about to install a new program on an RPM based Linux system.
Which of the following would be the best way to accomplish this?

Get the source code in a tarball and install from that source.

Get a source RPM and use rpm to install it.

Use rpm to install the program's binaries from an RPM package.

Use cpi to extract the binaries from a source RPM and use rpm to install those sources.

rpm command is used to install, upgrade or uninstall the rpm format package.

Explanation

rpm command is used to install, upgrade or uninstall the rpm format package.

43. Which system administration command you can use to update ld.so.cache after the
installation of new shared libraries?

Ldconfig

Ldd

Libpath

Newlibs

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent
shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file
/etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by
the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of
the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links
updated.

Explanation

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent
shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file
/etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by
the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of
the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links
updated.

44. While installing an application from source code you don't see the
configure script. What command can you run to compile the code?

Make configure

Install

Install makefile

Make

The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to

Explanation

The purpose of the make utility is to determine automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to

45. What happens when ldconfig is executed?

The binary index file (cache) of library locations is rebuilt

The text index file of library locations is rebuilt

Make is run to rebuild the libraries who's source code has changed

The disk is scanned for libraries to include in the index

Nothing, unless the libraries have been recompiled since ldconfig was last run.

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent
shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file
/etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by
the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of
the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links
updated.

Explanation

ldconfig creates the necessary links and cache to the most recent
shared libraries found in the directories specified on the command line, in the file
/etc/ld.so.conf, and in the trusted directories (/lib and /usr/lib). The cache is used by
the run-time linker, ld.so or ld-linux.so. ldconfig checks the header and file names of
the libraries it encounters when determining which versions should have their links
updated.

46. What is the location including the full path to where apt-get stores its downloaded
packages?

atp-get command stores the downloaded packages on
/var/cache/atp/archives

Explanation

atp-get command stores the downloaded packages on
/var/cache/atp/archives

Submit

47. You need to know where all the configuration files for the installed package named
"postfix" are located. Assuming it was installed with rpm, which command will list this information for you?

Rpm -qc postfix

Rpm -Vc postfix

Prm --config postfix

Rpm -listconfig postfix

Prm -qa --config postfix

To list the configuration files of installed package: rpm -qc or -q
--configfiles packagename. To list all belongs to installed package: rpm -ql or -q
--list packagename

Explanation

To list the configuration files of installed package: rpm -qc or -q
--configfiles packagename. To list all belongs to installed package: rpm -ql or -q
--list packagename

48. Which RPM command would produce the following output
Name : xwhois Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 0.3.7 Vendor: Certkiller
Release : 1 Build Data: Fri 06 Aug 1999 09:29:07 AM EDT
Install date: (not installed) Build Host:
desktop.infohvy.com
Group : Application/Internet Source RPM: (none)
Size : 74057 License: GPL
Packager : Ryan Weaver
URL : https://www.goatnet.ml.org/software.html
Summary : X Windows Whois Tool
Description: xwhois is a small and fast query tool for the
whois service. (rfc954)
xwhois-0.3.7.tar.gz
xwhois.spec

Rpm -qpil xwhois-0.3.7-1.src-rpm

Rpm-qx xwhois

Rpm-Vf xwhois-0.3.7-1.src.rpm

Rpm-verify xwhois-0.3.7-1.src.rpm

Rpm-showheaders xwhois-0.3.7-1.src.rpm

he output is information of xwhois package. To display the
information about the package, we use the -qi option.

Explanation

he output is information of xwhois package. To display the
information about the package, we use the -qi option.

49. After a minor security incident you are instructed by your lead sys-admin to verify
the RPM's installed on running system. Which command will create a complete
report which you can analyze for changes which may be security related?

Rpm -Va>report

Rpm -Qavy > report

Rpm -Vqt-- nomd5>report

Rpm -checkfiles >report

Rpm -Va-nofiles > report

Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in the package with information about the files taken from the package metadata
stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5
sum, permissions, type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are
displayed.
To verify the package:
rpm -Va or -verify -a packagename

Explanation

Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in the package with information about the files taken from the package metadata
stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5
sum, permissions, type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are
displayed.
To verify the package:
rpm -Va or -verify -a packagename

50. How do you get a list of files that have been installed from a dpkg package?

Dpkg -l pkgname

Dpkg -C pkgname

Dpkg -s pkgname

Dpkg -S pkgname

Dpkg -L pkgname

To list the files installed from a specified package, issue the command: dpkg --listfiles package or dpkg -L package

Explanation

To list the files installed from a specified package, issue the command: dpkg --listfiles package or dpkg -L package

51. What are the default permissions on the Debian /etc/passwd file?

644

640

777

700

400

The default permission of /etc/passwd file is:
-rw-r--r--
In Here read and write to owner user, read only to group member and others.
Numerical value of Read 4
Numerical value of Write 2
Numerical value of Execute 1
So default permission is 644

Explanation

The default permission of /etc/passwd file is:
-rw-r--r--
In Here read and write to owner user, read only to group member and others.
Numerical value of Read 4
Numerical value of Write 2
Numerical value of Execute 1
So default permission is 644

52. You need to remove the rpm package Certkiller regardless of dependencies, type the
command with switches that will do this?

To remove the package we can use the -e or --erase option. To remove
or install or upgrade the package without checking the dependencies -nodeps option
is used.
So,
rpm -e --nodeps Certkiller
rpm -erase nodeps Certkiller

Explanation

To remove the package we can use the -e or --erase option. To remove
or install or upgrade the package without checking the dependencies -nodeps option
is used.
So,
rpm -e --nodeps Certkiller
rpm -erase nodeps Certkiller

Submit

53. How do you use dpkg to verify the status of an installed package Certkiller pkg? Select
two.

Dpkg -s Certkiller pkg

Dpkg -S Certkiller pkg

Dpkg -stat Certkiller pkg

Dpkg --stat Certkiller pkg

Dpkg --status Certkiller pkg

To verify the install packages on debian linux either -s or --status
options is used.

Explanation

To verify the install packages on debian linux either -s or --status
options is used.

Submit

54. What are the default permissions on the Debian /etc/shadow file?

654

640

400

644

540

The default permission of /etc/shadow file is:
-r--------
In Here read only to owner user and no permission to others.
Numerical value of Read 4
Numerical value of Write 2
Numerical value of Execute 1
So default permission is 400

Explanation

The default permission of /etc/shadow file is:
-r--------
In Here read only to owner user and no permission to others.
Numerical value of Read 4
Numerical value of Write 2
Numerical value of Execute 1
So default permission is 400

55. How can you update a package only if an earlier version is currently installed on the
system?

Rmp -- update rpmname

Rpm -U rpmname

Rpm -F rpmname

Rpm -- force rpmname

Rpm -u rpmname

Upgrades, but only if the package installed.

Explanation

Upgrades, but only if the package installed.

56. You want to add information to a previously created tar file. How would you do
this?

Use the tar command with the -a switch

Use the append command

Use the add command

Use the tar command with the -r switch

To append the new file at the end of existing tar file use either -r or
--append option.
Example:
tar -r tarfilename.tar newfilename

Explanation

To append the new file at the end of existing tar file use either -r or
--append option.
Example:
tar -r tarfilename.tar newfilename

57. Which pair of dpkg options are equivalent and what do they do?

-C and --configure they reconfigure an unpackaged package

-C and --clear-avail they erase exisiting information about what packages are available

-A and --audit they update information about what packages are available

-C and --audit they provide resource consumption information on installed packages

-C and --audit they search for partially installed packages

To check the partially installed packages: package -C or --audit packagename

Explanation

To check the partially installed packages: package -C or --audit packagename

58. You want to examine the changelog for the installed package "postfix".
Which command will display the changelog?

Rpm -Vc postfix

Rpm -qpil postfix

Rpm --changelog postfix

Rpm -q --changelog postfix

Rpm -qa --changelog postfix

To query the changelog of installed package:
rpm -q --changelog packagename

Explanation

To query the changelog of installed package:
rpm -q --changelog packagename

59. You have not run apt-get, on a system for some time, but it has been
run on the system before. What apt-get command would you run to
download the latest list of packages, but not the packages themselves?

Apt-get build-dep

Apt-get mirror-select

Apt-get update

Apt-get upgrade

Apt-get dist-upgrade

To automatically upgrade all installed packages to the latest available
version, issue the following command:
apt-get upgrade

Explanation

To automatically upgrade all installed packages to the latest available
version, issue the following command:
apt-get upgrade

60. Type the simplest RPM command to list where the package file Certkiller.rpm will
install its files

Some common options of rpm command
-i or --install à Install the New package
-U or --upgrade à Upgrade the Package
-e or --erase à Remove the package
-q or --query à Query the package
-qi à Query the information of package
-ql àQuery and list all files belongs to package. Multiple options can be combined on single - and order can be different.

Explanation

Some common options of rpm command
-i or --install à Install the New package
-U or --upgrade à Upgrade the Package
-e or --erase à Remove the package
-q or --query à Query the package
-qi à Query the information of package
-ql àQuery and list all files belongs to package. Multiple options can be combined on single - and order can be different.

Submit