Liver Structure And Function

1.

Hepatic lobes are made up of the basic _ unit, the liver __.

Explanation
The hepatic lobes, which are the major divisions of the liver, are composed of the basic functional unit called the liver lobule. The liver lobule is responsible for carrying out the various functions of the liver, such as detoxification, metabolism, and production of bile. Therefore, the correct answer is "functional, lobule."

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2.

The lobule is a ___ shaped unit made up of _, which are _ cells that are arranged in platelike layers radiating from the ______ vein to the edge of each lobule.

Explanation
A lobule is a hexagon-shaped unit made up of hepatocytes, which are liver cells that are arranged in platelike layers radiating from the central vein to the edge of each lobule.

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3.

There are approximately _,000 to __,000 individual lobules that make up the liver.

Explanation
The liver is made up of lobules, which are small structures that perform various functions. The question asks for the approximate number of lobules in the liver. The correct answer is 50,000 to 100,000. This means that the liver is composed of a large number of lobules, highlighting the complexity and importance of this organ in the human body.

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4.

Hepatocytes are _____________ cells of the liver.

Explanation
Hepatocytes are glandular cells of the liver because they are responsible for producing and secreting bile, which is an important function of the liver. These cells are specialized in synthesizing and metabolizing various substances, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Additionally, hepatocytes play a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances and storing essential nutrients. Overall, the glandular nature of hepatocytes allows them to perform vital functions in maintaining the overall health and functioning of the liver.

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5.

Hepatocytes are interspersed with kupffer cells to make up the liver parenchyma.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The statement is true because hepatocytes, which are the main functional cells of the liver, are indeed interspersed with Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are a type of macrophage that reside in the liver and play a role in immune defense and the removal of debris and foreign substances from the bloodstream. Together, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells make up the liver parenchyma, which is the functional tissue of the liver responsible for its various metabolic functions.

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6.

Between the plates of the hepatocytes are _______ and _ __________.

Correct Answer
sinusoids, bile canaliculi

Explanation
The correct answer is sinusoids and bile canaliculi. Sinusoids are a network of blood vessels found between the plates of hepatocytes in the liver. They allow for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and hepatocytes. Bile canaliculi, on the other hand, are small ducts that collect bile from hepatocytes and transport it towards the bile ducts. These structures play a crucial role in the liver's functions, including the detoxification of harmful substances and the production of bile for digestion.

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7.

Small capillaries that run between the plates of the hepatocytes are termed _____________.

Correct Answer
sinusoids

Explanation
Sinusoids are small capillaries that run between the plates of hepatocytes. They play a crucial role in the liver's function by allowing the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and hormones between the blood and hepatocytes. Sinusoids have a unique structure that allows them to accommodate the flow of blood and facilitate the liver's metabolic activities. These capillaries are lined with endothelial cells and have larger diameters compared to regular capillaries, allowing for the passage of larger molecules and cells. Overall, sinusoids are essential for the liver's proper functioning.

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8.

Sinusoids allow incoming ___ arterial blood to mix with the nutrient rich venous blood to then be transported by the _ to the ______ vein.

Correct Answer
hepatic, portal, hepatocytes, central

Explanation
Sinusoids are specialized blood vessels found in the liver. They allow incoming hepatic arterial blood to mix with the nutrient-rich portal venous blood. This mixture of blood is then transported by the sinusoids to the hepatocytes, which are the functional cells of the liver. Finally, the blood is drained from the sinusoids into the central vein, which ultimately leads to the hepatic vein for further circulation in the body.

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9.

The central vein connects the _ venous with the _ venous blood.

Correct Answer
portal, hepatic

Explanation
The central vein connects the portal venous with the hepatic venous blood. The portal vein carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver, while the hepatic vein carries blood from the liver to the heart. Therefore, the central vein serves as a crucial connection between these two types of blood, allowing for the exchange of nutrients, toxins, and other substances between the liver and the rest of the body.

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10.

The sinusoids are partially lined with cells, that destroy bacteria and remove foreign substances by ___.

Correct Answer
kupffer, phagocytosis

Explanation
The sinusoids in the body are partially lined with kupffer cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system by destroying bacteria and removing foreign substances through a process called phagocytosis. Phagocytosis involves engulfing and digesting harmful particles, such as bacteria, to protect the body from infections and maintain overall health.

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11.

Small bile canaliculi lie _________ to the hepatocytes.

Correct Answer
adjacent

Explanation
The correct answer is "adjacent" because bile canaliculi are small ducts that are located in close proximity or next to the hepatocytes, which are the liver cells. The term "adjacent" accurately describes the relationship between the bile canaliculi and hepatocytes, indicating that they are positioned side by side or in immediate proximity to each other.

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12.

Hepatocytes form bile and secrete it into the sinusoids, which carry the bile to the larger bile ducts in the triad regions.

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
secrete it into small canaliculi, which carry bile to the larger bile ducts in the triad regions

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13.

Bile ducts then unite to form the ___ _ duct that emerges from the liver at the _ ________.

Correct Answer
common hepatic, porta hepatis

Explanation
The bile ducts in the liver come together to form the common hepatic duct, which then exits the liver at the porta hepatis.

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14.

Porta hepatis is the "gateway to the liver."

A.

True
B.

False

Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The statement is true because the porta hepatis is a term used to describe the area on the liver where the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct enter and exit. It is considered the "gateway" because these structures carry blood, nutrients, and bile to and from the liver, playing a crucial role in its function.

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15.

The porta hepatis is a ________ where the PV and HA enter the liver, and the hepatic duct leaves it.

Correct Answer
fissure

Explanation
The porta hepatis is a fissure where the portal vein and hepatic artery enter the liver, and the hepatic duct leaves it.

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16.

The PV, HA, and the hepatic duct travel within portal triads _________ throughout the liver.

Correct Answer
intrasegmentally

Explanation
The PV, HA, and hepatic duct travel within portal triads intrasegmentally throughout the liver. This means that they are located within the same liver segment as the portal triads. The portal triads consist of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct, and they are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood, nutrients, and bile to the liver. By traveling intrasegmentally, these structures ensure efficient delivery of their respective substances to the liver cells within each segment.

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17.

Select all of the following that apply to hepatic functions:

A.

Bile formation and secretion
B.

Carbohydrate metabolism
C.

Fat metabolism
D.

Protein metabolism
E.

Reticuloendothelial tissue activity
F.

Storage depot
G.

Blood reservoir
H.

Heat production
I.

Detoxification
J.

Lymph formation
K.

Conjucates bilirubin

Correct Answer(s)
A. Bile formation and secretion
B. Carbohydrate metabolism
C. Fat metabolism
D. Protein metabolism
E. Reticuloendothelial tissue activity
F. Storage depot
G. Blood reservoir
H. Heat production
I. Detoxification
J. LympH formation
K. Conjucates bilirubin

Explanation
The hepatic functions include bile formation and secretion, carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, protein metabolism, reticuloendothelial tissue activity, storage depot, blood reservoir, heat production, detoxification, lymph formation, and conjugates bilirubin. The liver is responsible for producing and secreting bile, which aids in digestion and the absorption of fats. It also plays a role in metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as well as storing nutrients and vitamins. The liver is involved in detoxifying harmful substances, producing lymph, and conjugating bilirubin, a waste product of red blood cell breakdown. Additionally, it acts as a blood reservoir and has reticuloendothelial tissue activity, which helps in immune response.

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Liver Structure And Function

Hepatic lobes are made up of the basic _________ unit, the liver __________.

The lobule is a _________ shaped unit made up of ___________, which are _______ cells that are arranged in platelike layers radiating from the ________ vein to the edge of each lobule.

There are approximately ___,000 to ____,000 individual lobules that make up the liver.

Hepatocytes are _____________ cells of the liver.

Hepatocytes are interspersed with kupffer cells to make up the liver parenchyma.

Between the plates of the hepatocytes are _________ and _____ ____________.

Small capillaries that run between the plates of the hepatocytes are termed _____________.

Sinusoids allow incoming _________ arterial blood to mix with the nutrient rich ________ venous blood to then be transported by the ___________ to the __________ vein.

The central vein connects the _______ venous with the _______ venous blood.

The sinusoids are partially lined with ________ cells, that destroy bacteria and remove foreign substances by ___________.

Small bile canaliculi lie _________ to the hepatocytes.

Hepatocytes form bile and secrete it into the sinusoids, which carry the bile to the larger bile ducts in the triad regions.

Bile ducts then unite to form the _______ _________ duct that emerges from the liver at the _______ __________.

Porta hepatis is the "gateway to the liver."

The porta hepatis is a ________ where the PV and HA enter the liver, and the hepatic duct leaves it.

The PV, HA, and the hepatic duct travel within portal triads _________ throughout the liver.

Select all of the following that apply to hepatic functions:

Hepatic lobes are made up of the basic _ unit, the liver __.

The lobule is a ___ shaped unit made up of _, which are _ cells that are arranged in platelike layers radiating from the ______ vein to the edge of each lobule.

There are approximately _,000 to __,000 individual lobules that make up the liver.

Between the plates of the hepatocytes are _______ and _ __________.

Sinusoids allow incoming ___ arterial blood to mix with the nutrient rich venous blood to then be transported by the _ to the ______ vein.

The central vein connects the _ venous with the _ venous blood.

The sinusoids are partially lined with cells, that destroy bacteria and remove foreign substances by ___.

Bile ducts then unite to form the ___ _ duct that emerges from the liver at the _ ________.