1.
Improperly sanitized pedicure basins may cause:
Correct Answer
D. Tinea pedis
Explanation
Improperly sanitized pedicure basins may cause tinea pedis. Tinea pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection that affects the feet. It is commonly spread in environments where there is moisture and warmth, such as pedicure basins that have not been properly cleaned. This infection can cause symptoms such as itching, redness, and peeling of the skin on the feet. It is important to maintain proper hygiene and sanitation in pedicure settings to prevent the spread of tinea pedis and other infections.
2.
Which one of the following should be the last step in fiberglass application?
Correct Answer
D. Buffing
Explanation
Buffing should be the last step in fiberglass application because it helps to smooth out any imperfections or rough edges on the surface. It involves using a buffing wheel or pad to gently polish the fiberglass, resulting in a smooth and glossy finish. This step is important for achieving a professional and refined look, as well as enhancing the overall durability of the fiberglass.
3.
What is the appearance of contaminated primer?
Correct Answer
D. Cloudy
Explanation
The appearance of a contaminated primer is described as cloudy.
4.
Careless filing an beviling of the fingernails may cause nails to:
Correct Answer
A. Split
Explanation
Careless filing and beveling of the fingernails can cause the nails to split. When nails are filed incorrectly, it can weaken the structure of the nail, making it more prone to splitting. This can occur when the nail is filed in a back-and-forth motion or when too much pressure is applied during filing. Splitting nails can be painful and can also make the nails more susceptible to further damage or infection. Therefore, it is important to file nails carefully and in one direction to maintain their strength and prevent splitting.
5.
Which medical problem would prevent a massage from being performed during a manicure?
Correct Answer
D. A thyroid condition
Explanation
A thyroid condition can prevent a massage from being performed during a manicure because certain thyroid conditions can cause sensitivity and inflammation in the muscles and joints. Massage involves applying pressure and manipulating the muscles, which can exacerbate these symptoms and potentially cause discomfort or harm to the individual. Therefore, it is important to avoid massage in individuals with thyroid conditions to ensure their safety and well-being during a manicure.
6.
What is the purpose of a paper wrap?
Correct Answer
D. Quick repairs on natural nails
Explanation
A paper wrap is used for quick repairs on natural nails. When a nail breaks or chips, a paper wrap can be applied to strengthen and support the damaged area. The paper wrap acts as a temporary fix, providing stability to the nail until it can be properly repaired or grown out. This method is commonly used in nail salons to quickly address nail damage and prevent further breakage.
7.
When clean the nail during a manicure, brush strokes should be directed:
Correct Answer
A. Upward
Explanation
During a manicure, it is important to direct the brush strokes upward when cleaning the nail. This is because brushing upward helps to remove any dirt, debris, or excess product from the nail surface effectively. It also helps to prevent any potential damage to the nail bed or cuticles that could occur if the brush strokes were directed in other directions. By brushing upward, the nail is left clean and ready for further treatment or polish application.
8.
Some no-light gels may be cured by:
Correct Answer
A. Spraying with an activator
Explanation
Some no-light gels can be cured by spraying them with an activator. This activator helps to initiate the curing process and harden the gel. It is an alternative method to using UV light, which is commonly used to cure other types of gel. Soaking in acetone is a method used to remove gel, not cure it. Applying nail polish is also not a method of curing gel.
9.
Nail forms should be used when applying:
Correct Answer
B. Acrylic nails
Explanation
Nail forms should be used when applying acrylic nails because they provide a template for shaping and extending the nails. By placing the form under the natural nail, the technician can create a customized shape and length for the acrylic overlay. This helps to achieve a more natural and seamless look, as well as providing support and structure to the artificial nails. Using nail forms also allows for easier application and better control of the acrylic product, resulting in a more professional and long-lasting result.
10.
What is study of healthy skin and skin disorders called?
Correct Answer
B. Dermatology
Explanation
Dermatology is the study of healthy skin and skin disorders. It focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conditions affecting the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Dermatologists are medical professionals who specialize in this field and are trained to identify and treat various skin conditions, such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, and skin cancer. They may also perform cosmetic procedures, such as Botox injections and laser treatments, to improve the appearance of the skin.
11.
What stops the growth of microorganisms on non-living surfaces?
Correct Answer
C. Antiseptics
Explanation
Antiseptics are substances that prevent the growth of microorganisms on living tissues. While they are not typically used on non-living surfaces, they can still be effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Antiseptics work by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, thereby killing them or preventing their growth. This makes antiseptics a suitable option for preventing the growth of microorganisms on non-living surfaces as well.
12.
When applying polish, which one of the following can be used to correct a smudge before applying more polish:
Correct Answer
C. Polish remover
Explanation
Polish remover can be used to correct a smudge before applying more polish. Polish remover contains acetone or other solvents that can dissolve and remove the polish, allowing for a clean surface to reapply the polish. Alcohol may not be as effective in removing the smudge, while cuticle oil and primer do not have the same properties to remove polish. Therefore, polish remover is the most suitable option for correcting a smudge before applying more polish.
13.
Alcohol, quats, and phenols are known as:
Correct Answer
B. Ultraviolet rays
14.
What is the function of the adductor muscles?
Correct Answer
B. Draw the fingers together
Explanation
The adductor muscles are responsible for bringing the fingers together. These muscles are located in the hand and are responsible for the movement that allows us to grip objects or make a fist. When these muscles contract, they pull the fingers towards the center of the hand, allowing them to come closer together. This action is essential for various activities that require a strong grip or precise finger movements, such as holding a pen or gripping a tool.
15.
What can be used by the nail technician to strengthen weak natural nails?
Correct Answer
A. Fabric wrap
Explanation
Fabric wrap can be used by a nail technician to strengthen weak natural nails. Fabric wrap is a thin material that is applied to the nail surface with an adhesive. It provides support and reinforcement to the natural nails, helping to prevent them from breaking or splitting. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with weak or brittle nails, as the fabric wrap adds strength and durability. Nail primer, acetone, and acrylic liquid are not specifically designed for strengthening weak natural nails.
16.
What is another name for monomer used in the application of acrylic nails?
Correct Answer
D. Liquid
Explanation
The correct answer is "liquid" because in the application of acrylic nails, the monomer is typically in liquid form. The liquid monomer is mixed with a powdered polymer to create a paste-like substance that can be applied to the nails. Once applied, the liquid monomer undergoes a chemical reaction with the polymer, resulting in a hardened and durable acrylic nail.
17.
Effleurage druing a pedicure is:
Correct Answer
B. Smooth, continuous strokes
Explanation
Effleurage during a pedicure refers to the technique of using smooth, continuous strokes on the foot. This technique involves using gentle, gliding movements with the hands or fingers to apply pressure and create a relaxing and soothing effect. It helps to improve blood circulation, relax muscles, and promote overall relaxation and well-being. By using smooth, continuous strokes, the therapist can provide a seamless and uninterrupted flow of pressure, enhancing the therapeutic benefits of the pedicure.
18.
What type of polish remover should be used if the client is wearing nail wraps?
Correct Answer
D. Non-acetone remover
Explanation
Nail wraps are a type of artificial nail enhancement that is typically made of fabric or silk. Acetone polish remover is known to be harsh and can potentially damage or dissolve nail wraps. Therefore, it is recommended to use a non-acetone remover, which is gentler and safer for removing nail wraps without causing any damage.
19.
When applying acrylic over bitten nails, which one of the following should not be done?
Correct Answer
C. Apply primer to exposed skin
Explanation
When applying acrylic over bitten nails, it is important not to apply primer to exposed skin. Primer is typically used to promote adhesion between the natural nail and the acrylic, but applying it to exposed skin can cause irritation and discomfort. It is recommended to only apply primer to the natural nail surface to ensure a proper and comfortable application of the acrylic.
20.
If a client has swelling of the nail, which one of the following conditions is present?
Correct Answer
A. Onychohelcosis
Explanation
Onychohelcosis refers to a condition characterized by swelling of the nail. This condition is often caused by a fungal infection, which can lead to thickening and discoloration of the nail. It can also cause pain and discomfort. Treatment for onychohelcosis typically involves antifungal medications or, in severe cases, surgical removal of the affected nail.
21.
In which one of the follwoing conditions do bacteria grow and multiply best?
Correct Answer
A. Warm
Explanation
Bacteria grow and multiply best in warm conditions because higher temperatures provide an optimal environment for their metabolic processes. Warmer temperatures increase the rate of enzymatic reactions, allowing bacteria to efficiently break down nutrients and reproduce rapidly. Cold and light conditions may slow down bacterial growth, while cool and dry conditions may inhibit their growth altogether. Therefore, warm conditions provide the ideal conditions for bacteria to thrive and multiply.
22.
Which one of the following results in poor adhesion of polish?
Correct Answer
B. Oil traces on the nail plate
Explanation
Oil traces on the nail plate can result in poor adhesion of polish because oil creates a barrier between the nail plate and the polish, preventing it from adhering properly. When there are oil traces on the nail plate, the polish may not dry or bond correctly, leading to a shorter lifespan of the manicure and a higher chance of chipping or peeling. To ensure good adhesion, it is important to properly cleanse and prep the nail plate, removing any oil or residue before applying polish.
23.
Which one of the following is not a function of a muscle?
Correct Answer
D. Secretion
Explanation
Muscles are responsible for various functions in the body, including movement, maintaining shape, and providing support. However, secretion is not a function of muscles. Secretion refers to the release of substances such as hormones, enzymes, or fluids by specific glands or organs, not by muscles. Muscles primarily function in contraction and relaxation to generate movement, maintain body posture, and provide support to the skeletal system.
24.
Where should disinfected manicure implements be stored?
Correct Answer
D. In a closed dry sanitizer
Explanation
Disinfected manicure implements should be stored in a closed dry sanitizer to maintain their cleanliness and prevent contamination. Storing them in a closed container helps to protect them from dust, dirt, and other potential sources of contamination. Additionally, a dry sanitizer ensures that the implements remain dry, which is important for preventing the growth of bacteria or fungi.
25.
The vascular system is also known as the:
Correct Answer
A. Muscular system
Explanation
The correct answer is circulatory system. The vascular system refers to the network of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, that transport blood throughout the body. This system is responsible for circulating oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from the body's cells. The muscular system, on the other hand, is responsible for movement and includes muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. The skeletal system provides structural support and protection for the body.
26.
When polymer is mixed with monomer and shaped, the result is:
Correct Answer
A. An acrylic nail
Explanation
When a polymer is mixed with a monomer and shaped, it forms an acrylic nail. Acrylic nails are artificial nails made by combining a liquid monomer with a powder polymer to create a dough-like substance that can be molded into the desired shape and then hardened. This process allows for the creation of durable and long-lasting artificial nails that can be customized in terms of length, shape, and color.
27.
How should the technician reduce furrows in the nail plate?
Correct Answer
C. Buff nails lightly
Explanation
Buffing the nails lightly can help reduce furrows in the nail plate. Buffing the nails helps to smooth out any ridges or unevenness on the surface of the nails, which can help to minimize the appearance of furrows. It is a gentle and non-invasive method that can be done regularly to maintain the overall health and appearance of the nails. Buffing also helps to improve blood circulation to the nail bed, promoting healthier nail growth.
28.
When applying acrylic nails, what will help the acrylic adhere to the natural nail?
Correct Answer
C. Primer
Explanation
Primer is used in the application of acrylic nails to help the acrylic adhere to the natural nail. It acts as a bonding agent and prepares the nail surface for the acrylic application. Without a primer, the acrylic may not adhere properly to the natural nail, resulting in lifting or chipping of the acrylic nails. Monomer is the liquid used to mix with the acrylic powder to create the acrylic substance. Catalyst is used to speed up the drying process of the acrylic. Lotion is not used in the application of acrylic nails and does not aid in the adhesion process.
29.
What is the main purpose of soap bath?
Correct Answer
B. Softens the cuticles
Explanation
The main purpose of a soap bath is to soften the cuticles. Cuticles are the thin layer of skin at the base of the nails, and they can become dry and tough. By soaking the nails in a soap bath, the cuticles are moisturized and softened, making it easier to push them back or remove them. Shining the nails, shaping the nails, and removing polish are not the main purposes of a soap bath.
30.
Where is the hyponychium found?
Correct Answer
A. Under the free edge
Explanation
The hyponychium is found under the free edge of the nail. It is the area of skin that lies between the free edge and the fingertip. The hyponychium acts as a barrier, preventing dirt and bacteria from entering the nail bed. It also helps to support the nail plate and provide protection to the underlying tissues.
31.
Which one of the following is used to remove nail stains?
Correct Answer
D. Hydrogen peroxide
Explanation
Hydrogen peroxide is used to remove nail stains because it is a powerful oxidizing agent that can break down and remove pigments or stains from the nails. It acts as a bleaching agent and can effectively remove discoloration caused by nail polish or other substances. Its bubbling action also helps to lift and remove dirt or debris from the surface of the nails. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide has antiseptic properties, which can help to clean and disinfect the nails, promoting overall nail health.
32.
To eliminate trapping air bubbles in the adhesive, the adhesive should be applied to the:
Correct Answer
A. Well of the tip
Explanation
To eliminate trapping air bubbles in the adhesive, it should be applied to the well of the tip. The well is the concave area on the underside of the tip that fits over the natural nail. Applying the adhesive to the well ensures that it spreads evenly and smoothly, minimizing the chances of air bubbles being trapped. Applying the adhesive to other areas such as the seam, back, or sides of the natural nail may result in uneven application and the formation of air bubbles.
33.
What is the techical term for the nail?
Correct Answer
A. Onyx
Explanation
The technical term for the nail is "onyx".
34.
What must the manicurist not do when massaging arthritic hands?
Correct Answer
A. Vigorous massage of joints
Explanation
The manicurist must not perform a vigorous massage of joints when massaging arthritic hands. Vigorous massage can potentially aggravate the arthritic condition and cause discomfort or pain to the client. It is important to use gentle and soothing techniques when massaging arthritic hands to provide relief and relaxation without causing any harm or discomfort.
35.
What should be used to remove product from a jar?
Correct Answer
A. Spatula
Explanation
A spatula should be used to remove product from a jar because it is a flat, thin tool with a broad and flexible blade that can easily slide under the product and scrape it out without causing any damage to the jar or wasting any of the product. Fingertips can be unhygienic and may not have enough precision to remove the product effectively. The end of a towel may not be thin enough to fit into the jar and may leave behind fibers. A mail brush is not suitable for this task as it is designed for cleaning purposes and may not be able to effectively remove product from a jar.
36.
Which one of the following protects nail polish from chipping?
Correct Answer
A. Top coat
Explanation
A top coat is a clear protective layer applied over nail polish to prevent chipping. It acts as a barrier, providing a hard and durable surface that helps to seal and protect the underlying nail polish. The top coat also adds shine and extends the longevity of the manicure by preventing the nail polish from peeling or wearing off easily. By creating a protective shield, the top coat helps to maintain the color and integrity of the nail polish, keeping it intact for a longer period of time.
37.
How does the nail technician dispose of used monomer?
Correct Answer
B. Pour onto absorbent material and bag
Explanation
The correct answer is to pour the used monomer onto absorbent material and bag it. This is the proper way to dispose of used monomer as it helps to prevent any potential environmental contamination. Pouring it onto absorbent material helps to solidify the liquid and make it easier to handle, while bagging it ensures that it is contained and can be disposed of properly. This method is safer and more responsible compared to flushing it down the drain or pouring it into a trash receptacle.
38.
To avoid ingrown toenails, it is best to file the nails in which of the following manners?
Correct Answer
C. Straight across, rounding slightly at corners
Explanation
To avoid ingrown toenails, it is best to file the nails straight across, rounding slightly at the corners. This helps to prevent the nails from growing into the skin on the sides of the toe. Filing the nails in a rounded or oval shape can increase the risk of ingrown toenails as it encourages the nails to curve and grow into the skin. Starting at the corners and filing in a straight line helps to maintain the shape of the nails and prevent them from becoming ingrown.
39.
Which one of the following is an example of sanitizing?
Correct Answer
C. Washing hands with soap and water
Explanation
Sanitizing refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level. Washing hands with soap and water is a common example of sanitizing as it helps to remove dirt, germs, and bacteria from the hands, reducing the risk of spreading infection.
40.
Which one of the following will help soften the skin around the nails?
Correct Answer
B. Cuticle oil
Explanation
Cuticle oil is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to soften and moisturize the skin around the nails. It helps to nourish the cuticles, making them more pliable and less prone to dryness and cracking. Regular use of cuticle oil can improve the overall health and appearance of the nails and surrounding skin. Acetone is a harsh chemical that is typically used as a nail polish remover and can actually dry out the skin. Pumice powder is an abrasive substance used for exfoliation and is not suitable for softening the skin around the nails. Cuticle remover is a product used to remove excess cuticle, but it does not provide the same moisturizing benefits as cuticle oil.
41.
What is melanin?
Correct Answer
C. Color pigment
Explanation
Melanin is a color pigment. It is responsible for giving color to our skin, hair, and eyes. The amount and type of melanin in our body determine our skin tone. Melanin also helps protect our skin from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays by absorbing and dissipating the UV radiation. The production of melanin is regulated by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
42.
Which one of the following is not a type of nail form?
Correct Answer
C. Metal
Explanation
Metal is not a type of nail form because nail forms are typically made of materials like wood, paper, or plastic. Metal is not commonly used as a material for nail forms because it is not flexible enough to create the desired shape and structure for artificial nails.
43.
What should be done with paper wraps at every manicure?
Correct Answer
D. Replaced
Explanation
Paper wraps are typically used during a manicure to strengthen and protect the natural nails. However, they are not meant to be reused as they can become damaged or contaminated with bacteria and other debris. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the paper wraps after each manicure to maintain hygiene and ensure the effectiveness of the nail treatment.
44.
A client with a disease of the fingernails should be referred to a:
Correct Answer
A. pHysician
Explanation
A client with a disease of the fingernails should be referred to a physician because they are medical professionals who are trained to diagnose and treat various diseases and conditions. Unlike a manicurist, cosmetologist, or desairologist, a physician has the knowledge and expertise to identify the underlying cause of the nail disease and provide appropriate medical treatment or refer the client to a specialist if needed.
45.
All of the following are benefits of a hand and arm massage Except:
Correct Answer
B. It decreases nail growth
Explanation
A hand and arm massage has several benefits, including relaxation, increased blood circulation, and softened skin. However, it does not have an effect on nail growth. Nail growth is primarily determined by factors such as genetics, overall health, and nutrition. Massaging the hand and arm may improve the condition of the nails indirectly by promoting blood flow and moisturizing the surrounding skin, but it does not directly affect the rate of nail growth.
46.
Hangnails may be caused by a dryness of the:
Correct Answer
C. Cuticle
Explanation
Hangnails are small pieces of torn or broken skin around the nails. They are often caused by dryness and lack of moisture in the cuticle, which is the thin layer of skin that covers the base of the nail. When the cuticle becomes dry, it can crack and peel, leading to the formation of hangnails. Therefore, the correct answer is cuticle.
47.
Why is smoking prohibited during the application of artification nails?
Correct Answer
A. Products may cause fire
Explanation
Smoking is prohibited during the application of artificial nails because the products used in the process may cause fire. Smoking involves the use of a lit cigarette or other smoking materials, which can easily ignite flammable substances. The chemicals and solvents present in nail products are highly flammable, and any accidental contact with a lit cigarette can lead to a fire hazard. To ensure the safety of both the technician and the client, it is important to avoid smoking in the vicinity of nail products.
48.
Which muscle is used to bend the wrist, draw the hand upward, and close the fingers toward the forearm?
Correct Answer
C. Flexor
Explanation
The flexor muscle is used to bend the wrist, draw the hand upward, and close the fingers toward the forearm. This muscle is responsible for these movements by contracting and pulling the wrist and fingers towards the forearm, creating flexion. The pronator muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm, the supinator muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm, and the extensor muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers. Therefore, the correct answer is flexor.
49.
Nails are appendages of the:
Correct Answer
B. Skin
Explanation
Nails are appendages of the skin. The skin produces a protein called keratin, which is also found in nails. Nails are formed by specialized cells in the nail matrix, which is located at the base of the nail. As these cells divide and grow, they push older cells forward, forming the nail plate. The nail plate is attached to the nail bed, which is made up of skin tissue. Therefore, nails are considered as appendages of the skin.
50.
Onychocryptosis is defined as:
Correct Answer
B. An overgrowth of nails
Explanation
Onychocryptosis is not an overgrowth of nails, but rather an ingrown nail. It occurs when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, inflammation, and potential infection. An overgrowth of nails refers to a condition called onychogryphosis, where the nails become thickened and curved, often resembling claws.