Massage Therapy Anatomy And Technique - Hip And Thigh, Part 1
This is a quiz for massage therapists in training. However, anyone can benefit from this including med students, nurses, personal trainers, fitness enthusiasts or anybody else interested in learning about human anatomy. This particular quiz is on the hip and thigh region, with an emphasis on origin, insertion, and action of various muscles and muscle groups. Note that for short answer questions you must type in the complete name for anatomical structures - abbreviations will be marked wrong!
- 1.
This is a superficial sheet of fascia with vertical fibers that run along the lateral thigh.
Explanation
The correct answer is iliotibial tract, iliotibial band. The iliotibial tract is a superficial sheet of fascia that runs along the lateral thigh. It contains vertical fibers that provide stability and support to the knee joint. The iliotibial band refers to the thickened portion of the iliotibial tract that extends from the hip to the knee. It plays a crucial role in stabilizing the knee during activities such as running and walking.Rate this question:
- 2.
What is the small, superficial muscle located on the lateral side of the upper thigh which attaches to the iliotibial tract?
Explanation
The correct answer is "tensor fasciae latae," "tensor fascia lata," and "tensor fascia latae." The tensor fasciae latae is a small muscle located on the lateral side of the upper thigh. It attaches to the iliotibial tract, which is a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh.Rate this question:
- 3.
This is the only muscle in the quadriceps femoris group that crosses two joints:
Explanation
The rectus femoris is the only muscle in the quadriceps femoris group that crosses two joints. It crosses both the hip joint and the knee joint. The other three muscles in the quadriceps femoris group (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius) only cross the knee joint. Therefore, the rectus femoris is unique in its ability to contribute to both hip flexion and knee extension.Rate this question:
- 4.
What are the muscles that comprise the hamstrings group?
- A.
Rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
- B.
Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis.
- C.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
- D.
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.
- E.
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis.
Correct Answer
C. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus.Explanation
The correct answer is Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. These three muscles make up the hamstrings group. The rectus femoris is actually a part of the quadriceps group, which is located on the front of the thigh. The vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis are also part of the quadriceps group. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis are muscles of the rotator cuff in the shoulder. The adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and gracilis are muscles of the inner thigh.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Give the origin(s) for gluteus minimus:
- A.
Inferior ramus of pubis.
- B.
Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
- C.
Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle.
- D.
Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera.
- E.
Superior ramus of pubis.
Correct Answer
B. Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines. -
- 6.
This muscle is sometimes known as the "sciatica mimicker":
Correct Answer
gluteus minimusExplanation
The gluteus minimus muscle is sometimes referred to as the "sciatica mimicker" because it can cause symptoms that mimic sciatica. The gluteus minimus muscle is located in the buttocks and is responsible for hip abduction and stabilization of the hip joint. When this muscle becomes tight or irritated, it can compress the sciatic nerve, leading to pain, tingling, and numbness that radiates down the leg. These symptoms are similar to those experienced in sciatica, hence the nickname "sciatica mimicker."Rate this question:
- 7.
The hip/coxal joint is known by this anatomical name:
Correct Answer
acetabulofemoral joint
acetabulofemoral articulation
acetabulofemoralExplanation
The correct answer is "acetabulofemoral joint" or "acetabulofemoral articulation". This is the anatomical name for the hip/coxal joint, which is the joint where the acetabulum of the pelvis articulates with the femur.Rate this question:
- 8.
Give the insertion(s) for gluteus medius:
Correct Answer
greater trochanter
greater trochanter of femur
greater trochanter of the femurExplanation
The insertion(s) for gluteus medius is the greater trochanter of the femur. This is the bony prominence on the upper part of the femur, where the gluteus medius muscle attaches.Rate this question:
- 9.
Which of the following are muscles in the adductor group?
- A.
Adductor magnus
- B.
Adductor longus
- C.
Adductor brevis
- D.
Pectineus
- E.
Gracilis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Adductor magnus
B. Adductor longus
C. Adductor brevis
D. Pectineus
E. GracilisExplanation
The adductor group consists of the adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and gracilis muscles. These muscles are responsible for adduction, which is the movement of bringing a body part closer to the midline of the body. Each of these muscles plays a role in different aspects of adduction. The adductor magnus is the largest muscle in the group and helps with both adduction and extension of the hip. The adductor longus and adductor brevis are smaller muscles that also assist in adduction. The pectineus and gracilis muscles are located more towards the front of the thigh and also contribute to adduction.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Give the insertion(s) for gluteus minimus:
- A.
Anterior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.
- B.
Iliotibial tract.
- C.
Pectineal line of femur.
- D.
Sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments.
- E.
Gluteal tuberosity of femur.
Correct Answer
A. Anterior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.Explanation
The gluteus minimus inserts on the anterior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What muscles perform flexion of the hip (coxal joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, iliacus.
- B.
Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius*, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, iliacus.
- C.
Rectus femoris, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, iliacus.
- D.
Rectus femoris, vastus intermedius*, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis.
- E.
Rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, iliacus.
Correct Answer
E. Rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, iliacus.Explanation
The muscles that perform flexion of the hip (coxal joint) include rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, and iliacus. These muscles work together to flex the hip joint, allowing for movements such as bringing the thigh towards the chest or lifting the leg upward.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What muscles perform extension of the hip (coxal joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius, adductor magnus.
- B.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), adductor magnus (posterior fibers).
- C.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, popliteus, plantaris (weak)*.
- D.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (posterior fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), adductor magnus (posterior fibers), piriformis (when the hip is flexed)*.
- E.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (posterior fibers).
Correct Answer
B. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), adductor magnus (posterior fibers).Explanation
The correct answer includes the muscles that perform extension of the hip (coxal joint). These muscles are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), and adductor magnus (posterior fibers). These muscles work together to extend the hip joint, allowing for movements such as walking, running, and jumping. The inclusion of the posterior fibers of the gluteus medius and adductor magnus indicates that these muscles assist in hip extension, but they are not the primary muscles responsible for this movement.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What muscles perform medial (internal) rotation of the hip (coxal joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae.
- B.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae.
- C.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae.
- D.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus.
- E.
Semitendinosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae.
Correct Answer
A. Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae.Explanation
The muscles that perform medial (internal) rotation of the hip (coxal joint) include semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, and tensor fasciae latae. These muscles work together to rotate the hip joint inward, towards the midline of the body.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What muscles perform lateral (external) rotation of the hip (coxal joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (lateral fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, iliacus.
- B.
Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, iliacus.
- C.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, tensor fasciae latae.
- D.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, iliacus.
- E.
Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, iliacus.
Correct Answer
B. Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, iliacus.Explanation
The muscles that perform lateral (external) rotation of the hip (coxal joint) include biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, and iliacus. These muscles work together to rotate the hip joint outward, away from the midline of the body.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What muscles perform adduction of the hip (coxal joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, psoas major, iliacus.
- B.
Adductor magnus, adductor radialis longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis psoas major, iliacus, gluteus maximus (lower fibers).
- C.
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, psoas major, iliacus, gluteus maximus (lower fibers).
- D.
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, psoas major, iliacus, gluteus maximus (lower fibers).
- E.
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, vastus medialis, psoas major, iliacus, gluteus maximus (lower fibers).
Correct Answer
D. Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, psoas major, iliacus, gluteus maximus (lower fibers).Explanation
The muscles that perform adduction of the hip (coxal joint) are the adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, psoas major, iliacus, and gluteus maximus (lower fibers). These muscles work together to bring the leg towards the midline of the body.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What muscles perform extension of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, popliteus, plantaris (weak)*.
- B.
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius*.
- C.
Biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius*.
- D.
Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, iliacus.
- E.
Biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, iliacus.
Correct Answer
B. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius*.Explanation
The muscles that perform extension of the knee (tibiofemoral joint) are the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles work together to straighten the leg at the knee joint.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What muscles perform medial rotation of the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.
- B.
Biceps femoris.
- C.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
- D.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.
- E.
Vastus medialis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.
Correct Answer
A. Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.Explanation
The muscles that perform medial rotation of the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) are semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, and popliteus. These muscles work together to rotate the knee medially, with the assistance of the popliteus muscle. Medial rotation of the knee is an important movement that allows for proper functioning and stability of the joint during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What muscles perform lateral rotation of the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint)? An asterisk (*) denotes muscles that assist in the movement.
- A.
Vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.
- B.
Vastus lateralis.
- C.
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.
- D.
Biceps femoris.
- E.
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus*.
Correct Answer
D. Biceps femoris.Explanation
The correct answer is Biceps femoris because it is the only muscle listed that performs lateral rotation of the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint). The other muscles listed either perform other movements or assist in the movement of lateral rotation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What 2 muscles can entrap the sciatic nerve?
- A.
Quadratus femoris.
- B.
Biceps femoris, long head.
- C.
Piriformis.
- D.
Biceps femoris, short head.
- E.
Semitendinosus.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Biceps femoris, long head.
C. Piriformis.Explanation
The sciatic nerve can be entrapped by two muscles: the long head of the biceps femoris and the piriformis. The long head of the biceps femoris is one of the hamstring muscles located at the back of the thigh. The piriformis is a deep muscle in the buttocks that plays a role in hip rotation. Both of these muscles can compress or irritate the sciatic nerve, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, or tingling in the buttocks and down the leg.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run?
- A.
Between the edge of the sacrum and the iliac tuberosity.
- B.
Between the pubic tubercle and the edge of the sacrum.
- C.
Between the edge of the sacrum and the iscial tuberosity.
- D.
Between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine.
- E.
Between the base of the sacrum and the posterior superior iliac spine.
Correct Answer
C. Between the edge of the sacrum and the iscial tuberosity.Explanation
The sacrotuberous ligament runs between the edge of the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Give the origin for piriformis:
- A.
Lateral border of iscial tuberosity.
- B.
Ischial spine.
- C.
Superior and inferior rami of pubis.
- D.
Coccyx.
- E.
Anterior surface of the sacrum.
Correct Answer
E. Anterior surface of the sacrum.Explanation
The correct answer is "Anterior surface of the sacrum." The piriformis muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum. It attaches to the sacrum and then passes through the greater sciatic notch to reach the greater trochanter of the femur. This muscle is important for hip rotation and stability.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Give the actions of piriformis:
- A.
Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint). Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed.
- B.
Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint). Adduct the hip when the hip is flexed.
- C.
Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint). Adduct the hip.
- D.
Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint). Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed.
- E.
Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint).
Correct Answer
D. Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint). Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed.Explanation
The piriformis muscle laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint) and abducts the hip when the hip is flexed. This means that when the hip is flexed, the piriformis muscle moves the thigh bone away from the midline of the body (abduction) and rotates it outward (lateral rotation). This action is important for various movements such as walking, running, and maintaining balance.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Trigger points in _____ refer pain locally in the buttock region. TPs are located in the superior medial portion of the muscle, the lower mid-portion overlying the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosity, and the most medial inferior portion.
- A.
Gluteus medius.
- B.
Gluteus maximus.
- C.
Gluteus minimus.
- D.
Tensor fasciae latae.
- E.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
Correct Answer
B. Gluteus maximus.Explanation
The correct answer is Gluteus maximus. Trigger points in the Gluteus maximus muscle can cause pain in the buttock region. These trigger points are found in specific areas of the muscle, including the superior medial portion, the lower mid-portion overlying the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosity, and the most medial inferior portion.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Referred pain in _____ is often felt as low back pain. Referral zones are along the posterior crest of the ilium, and may involve the sacrum and the buttock. Pain may extend to the upper thigh.
- A.
Gluteus medius.
- B.
Gluteus maximus.
- C.
Gluteus minimus.
- D.
Tensor fasciae latae.
- E.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
Correct Answer
A. Gluteus medius.Explanation
Referred pain in the gluteus medius is often felt as low back pain. The referral zones are along the posterior crest of the ilium, and may involve the sacrum and the buttock. The pain may also extend to the upper thigh.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Trigger points in anterior fibers of _____ refer to the lateral aspect of the buttock, thigh, and knee, and all the way down the leg to the ankle. The referral pattern for the posterior fibers is similar and projects pain over the medial aspect of the buttock and down the back of the thigh and calf.
- A.
Gluteus medius.
- B.
Gluteus maximus.
- C.
Gluteus minimus.
- D.
Tensor fasciae latae.
- E.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
Correct Answer
C. Gluteus minimus.Explanation
The correct answer is Gluteus minimus because trigger points in the anterior fibers of this muscle refer pain to the lateral aspect of the buttock, thigh, and knee, down to the ankle. The referral pattern for the posterior fibers is also similar, causing pain over the medial aspect of the buttock and down the back of the thigh and calf.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Trigger points in _____ may refer pain to the hip and down the thigh. In some cases, pain is reported as far down as the knee. Another affected area is the region around the greater trochanter, where symptoms can mimic a condition known as "trochanter bursitis".
- A.
Piriformis.
- B.
Gluteus minimus.
- C.
Biceps femoris.
- D.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
- E.
Tensor fasciae latae.
Correct Answer
E. Tensor fasciae latae.Explanation
Trigger points in the tensor fasciae latae muscle may refer pain to the hip and down the thigh, sometimes even as far down as the knee. The region around the greater trochanter can be affected, causing symptoms that resemble trochanter bursitis.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Trigger points in _____ have a primary referral pattern going downward to the back of the knee. Spillover patterns may go farther down into the calf and upward into the thigh. Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
- A.
Gluteus maximus.
- B.
Gluteus minimus.
- C.
Piriformis.
- D.
Biceps femoris.
- E.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
Correct Answer
D. Biceps femoris.Explanation
Trigger points in the Biceps femoris muscle have a primary referral pattern going downward to the back of the knee. Spillover patterns may go farther down into the calf and upward into the thigh.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Trigger points in _____ refer pain primarily upward to the gluteal fold. The secondary pattern is downward to the posterior thigh and back of the knee, and occasionally further down into the calf.
- A.
Biceps femoris.
- B.
Gluteus maximus.
- C.
Gluteus minimus.
- D.
Piriformis.
- E.
Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.
Correct Answer
E. Semitendinosus/semimembranosus.Explanation
The correct answer is Semitendinosus/semimembranosus. Trigger points in these muscles can cause pain that primarily radiates upward to the gluteal fold. The secondary pattern of pain is downward to the posterior thigh and back of the knee, and occasionally further down into the calf.Rate this question:
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