Matter And Energy Unit Test 701

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Water is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas due to its unique properties. At normal temperature and pressure, water exists as a liquid, which is the most common form of water on Earth. However, at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, water freezes and becomes a solid, commonly known as ice. On the other hand, at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius, water boils and turns into a gas, known as steam or water vapor. These different states of water make it a versatile substance that can exist in various forms in nature.

Atoms are the correct answer because they are the smallest particles that make up all matter. Genes are specific segments of DNA that carry genetic information, cells are the basic structural units of living organisms, and minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances. Therefore, atoms are the most appropriate answer as they are universally recognized as the fundamental building blocks of matter.

The Periodic Table is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements. It is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The table provides information about each element's atomic mass, symbol, and atomic number, as well as its chemical behavior and properties. By using the Periodic Table, scientists can easily access and analyze the characteristics and trends of different elements, helping them understand and predict their behavior in various chemical reactions and processes.

When a person speaks into a telephone, the sound energy is converted mostly into electrical energy. This is because the sound waves produced by the person's voice cause vibrations in the microphone of the telephone, which then converts these vibrations into electrical signals. These electrical signals are then transmitted through the telephone wires and converted back into sound waves at the receiving end, allowing the person on the other end to hear the sound.

The correct answer is shape. When the student crumples up the sheet of paper, its physical appearance changes from being flat and smooth to being wrinkled and folded, altering its shape. The other properties mentioned, such as color, mass, and state, remain the same.

When hydrochloric acid is added to zinc, a chemical reaction occurs. This is because the hydrochloric acid reacts with the zinc to form zinc chloride, which is a new substance with different properties than the reactants. Additionally, hydrogen gas is released as a product of the reaction. This indicates that a chemical change has taken place, as the composition and properties of the substances involved have been altered. Therefore, the given scenario is an example of a chemical reaction.

Diagram B represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength. This is because the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is inversely proportional to their frequency, and diagram B has the highest frequency among the given options. Higher frequency corresponds to shorter wavelength, so diagram B represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength.

The water level in the glass of water decreases. This is evidence of a phase change because when water undergoes a phase change from liquid to gas, it evaporates and the water level decreases.

The substances helium and oxygen are elements because they cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbonic acid (H2CO3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) are all compounds made up of different elements.

The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines its identity as a specific element. Therefore, arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic number allows for a systematic organization of the elements based on their fundamental properties and characteristics.

The symbols in the model represent atoms. In the diagram, the symbols "H" and "O" represent the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen respectively. The diagram shows the arrangement of these atoms in a molecule of water (H2O), where two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom.

Heat is the form of energy needed to change water from a liquid to a gas. When heat is added to water, the molecules gain energy and move faster, causing the bonds between them to break and allowing the water to change from a liquid to a gas state, known as vaporization or evaporation.

Sound requires a medium to travel through, such as air, water, or solids. In a vacuum, there is no medium for sound waves to propagate. This is because a vacuum is a space devoid of matter, including air molecules, which are necessary for sound to travel. Without molecules to vibrate and transmit the sound waves, there is no medium for sound to travel in a vacuum. Therefore, sound will not be able to travel in a vacuum.

Diagram 2 correctly models a chemical change because it shows the atoms of different substances combining and rearranging to form new molecules. This indicates a chemical reaction taking place, which is characteristic of a chemical change. In contrast, the other diagrams show atoms of different substances simply mixed together without any indication of a chemical reaction occurring.

The chemical symbol CO represents the compound carbon monoxide. A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. In this case, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are chemically bonded to form carbon monoxide. Therefore, CO is a compound.

Graph 3 correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter. As heat energy is added, the molecules gain kinetic energy and move faster. This is represented by the increasing speed of the molecules shown in graph 3.

The correct answer is "sound to be transferred". Sound waves require a medium, such as air, to travel through. In a vacuum, there is no air or any other medium for the sound waves to travel through, resulting in the sound level decreasing until it can no longer be heard.

On a sunny day, the shirt dries because the water molecules in the wet shirt gain heat energy from the sun. This increased heat energy causes the water molecules to evaporate, turning from a liquid state to a gaseous state. As the water molecules evaporate, they leave the shirt, resulting in the shirt drying. Therefore, the correct answer is "gain heat energy and evaporate".

The correct answer is refraction. When light passes from one medium to another with a different optical density, such as from air to water, it changes direction. This change in direction is called refraction. In this case, as light travels from water to air, it bends away from the normal line, causing the fish to appear at a different position than its actual location.

Sound waves are created by vibrations. When an object vibrates, it causes the surrounding air particles to also vibrate, creating a disturbance that propagates as a sound wave. This is why we can hear sounds produced by vibrating objects. Therefore, the correct answer is that sound waves are created by vibrations.

Heat energy is transferred within the liquid water in a pond through convection currents. Convection is the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid. In this case, as the sun heats up the water in the pond, the warmer water rises to the top while the cooler water sinks to the bottom. This creates a continuous cycle of warm water rising and cool water sinking, known as convection currents, which helps distribute the heat energy throughout the pond.

An electron is negatively charged because it carries a negative charge. A proton, on the other hand, is positively charged because it carries a positive charge. This is based on the fundamental properties of these particles and their interactions in electromagnetic fields.

The diagram likely shows a ray of light passing through a material and changing direction. This phenomenon is known as refraction, which occurs when light waves travel from one medium to another with a different refractive index. Some materials can cause light waves to bend or change direction when they pass through them, demonstrating the property of refraction.