Matter And Energy Unit Test 701
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
The tiny particles that make up all matter are called
- A.
Genes
- B.
Atoms
- C.
Minerals
- D.
Cells
Correct Answer
B. AtomsExplanation
Atoms are the correct answer because they are the smallest particles that make up all matter. Genes are specific segments of DNA that carry genetic information, cells are the basic structural units of living organisms, and minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances. Therefore, atoms are the most appropriate answer as they are universally recognized as the fundamental building blocks of matter.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?
- A.
A Punnett square
- B.
The Periodic Table
- C.
A pedigree chart
- D.
The rock cycle
Correct Answer
B. The Periodic TableExplanation
The Periodic Table is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements. It is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The table provides information about each element's atomic mass, symbol, and atomic number, as well as its chemical behavior and properties. By using the Periodic Table, scientists can easily access and analyze the characteristics and trends of different elements, helping them understand and predict their behavior in various chemical reactions and processes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Some common substances and their chemical formulas are listed in the chart below. Which of these substances are elements?
- A.
Hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid
- B.
Carbon dioxide and water
- C.
Oxygen and water
- D.
Helium and oxygen
Correct Answer
D. Helium and oxygenExplanation
The substances helium and oxygen are elements because they cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), carbonic acid (H2CO3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) are all compounds made up of different elements.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which statement is true about the charges assigned to an electron and a proton?
- A.
Both an electron and a proton are positive
- B.
An electron is positive and a proton is negative
- C.
An electron is negative and a proton is positive
- D.
Both an electron and a proton are negative
Correct Answer
C. An electron is negative and a proton is positiveExplanation
An electron is negatively charged because it carries a negative charge. A proton, on the other hand, is positively charged because it carries a positive charge. This is based on the fundamental properties of these particles and their interactions in electromagnetic fields.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
- A.
Atomic number
- B.
Mass number
- C.
Number of isotopes
- D.
Number of moles
Correct Answer
A. Atomic numberExplanation
The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines its identity as a specific element. Therefore, arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic number allows for a systematic organization of the elements based on their fundamental properties and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O). What do the symbols and represent in the model?
- A.
Genetic material
- B.
Chemical bonds
- C.
Cells
- D.
Atoms
Correct Answer
D. AtomsExplanation
The symbols in the model represent atoms. In the diagram, the symbols "H" and "O" represent the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen respectively. The diagram shows the arrangement of these atoms in a molecule of water (H2O), where two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The table below shows the chemical symbols for some common elements. Based on the information in the table, which of the four substance below is a compound?
- A.
CO
- B.
Si
- C.
Fe
- D.
He
Correct Answer
A. COExplanation
The chemical symbol CO represents the compound carbon monoxide. A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. In this case, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are chemically bonded to form carbon monoxide. Therefore, CO is a compound.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which diagram best represents molecules of matter in the solid phase?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2 -
- 9.
Which substance is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas?
- A.
Water
- B.
Rock
- C.
Metal
- D.
Glass
Correct Answer
A. WaterExplanation
Water is usually found in nature as a liquid, solid, and gas due to its unique properties. At normal temperature and pressure, water exists as a liquid, which is the most common form of water on Earth. However, at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, water freezes and becomes a solid, commonly known as ice. On the other hand, at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius, water boils and turns into a gas, known as steam or water vapor. These different states of water make it a versatile substance that can exist in various forms in nature.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A wet shirt is put on a clothesline to dry on a sunny day. The shirt dries because water molecules
- A.
Gain heat energy and condense
- B.
Gain heat energy and evaporate
- C.
Lose heat energy and condense
- D.
Lose heat energy and evaporate
Correct Answer
B. Gain heat energy and evaporateExplanation
On a sunny day, the shirt dries because the water molecules in the wet shirt gain heat energy from the sun. This increased heat energy causes the water molecules to evaporate, turning from a liquid state to a gaseous state. As the water molecules evaporate, they leave the shirt, resulting in the shirt drying. Therefore, the correct answer is "gain heat energy and evaporate".Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
C. 3Explanation
Graph 3 correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter. As heat energy is added, the molecules gain kinetic energy and move faster. This is represented by the increasing speed of the molecules shown in graph 3.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which observation would be evidence that the water is undergoing a phase change?
- A.
Waves form on the top of the pond.
- B.
Water soaks into the wet sand.
- C.
The water splashes out of the swimming pool.
- D.
The water level in the glass of water decreases.
Correct Answer
D. The water level in the glass of water decreases.Explanation
The water level in the glass of water decreases. This is evidence of a phase change because when water undergoes a phase change from liquid to gas, it evaporates and the water level decreases.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How is heat energy transferred within the liquid water in the pond?
- A.
Compound formation
- B.
Convection currents
- C.
Chemical reactions
- D.
Nuclear reactions
Correct Answer
B. Convection currentsExplanation
Heat energy is transferred within the liquid water in a pond through convection currents. Convection is the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of a fluid. In this case, as the sun heats up the water in the pond, the warmer water rises to the top while the cooler water sinks to the bottom. This creates a continuous cycle of warm water rising and cool water sinking, known as convection currents, which helps distribute the heat energy throughout the pond.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The four diagrams below model the results of mixing atoms of different substances. Each atom is represented by a different symbol. Which diagram correctly models a chemical change?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
Diagram 2 correctly models a chemical change because it shows the atoms of different substances combining and rearranging to form new molecules. This indicates a chemical reaction taking place, which is characteristic of a chemical change. In contrast, the other diagrams show atoms of different substances simply mixed together without any indication of a chemical reaction occurring.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The diagram below shows a boy observing a fish located at position B below the surface of the water. The boy sees the fish at position A. The apparent position of the fish is different from the actual position of the fish. What has happened to the light passing through the water to cause this difference?
- A.
Reflection
- B.
Absorption
- C.
Compression
- D.
Refraction
Correct Answer
D. RefractionExplanation
The correct answer is refraction. When light passes from one medium to another with a different optical density, such as from air to water, it changes direction. This change in direction is called refraction. In this case, as light travels from water to air, it bends away from the normal line, causing the fish to appear at a different position than its actual location.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Hydrochloric acid is added to a beaker containing a piece of zinc. As a result, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is released. This is an example of
- A.
A chemical reaction
- B.
A physical change
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Evaporation
Correct Answer
A. A chemical reactionExplanation
When hydrochloric acid is added to zinc, a chemical reaction occurs. This is because the hydrochloric acid reacts with the zinc to form zinc chloride, which is a new substance with different properties than the reactants. Additionally, hydrogen gas is released as a product of the reaction. This indicates that a chemical change has taken place, as the composition and properties of the substances involved have been altered. Therefore, the given scenario is an example of a chemical reaction.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which form of energy is needed to change water from a liquid to a gas?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Mechanical
- C.
Chemical
- D.
Sound
Correct Answer
A. HeatExplanation
Heat is the form of energy needed to change water from a liquid to a gas. When heat is added to water, the molecules gain energy and move faster, causing the bonds between them to break and allowing the water to change from a liquid to a gas state, known as vaporization or evaporation.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
- A.
Color
- B.
Mass
- C.
State
- D.
Shape
Correct Answer
D. ShapeExplanation
The correct answer is shape. When the student crumples up the sheet of paper, its physical appearance changes from being flat and smooth to being wrinkled and folded, altering its shape. The other properties mentioned, such as color, mass, and state, remain the same.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Sound will not travel in a
- A.
Solid
- B.
Gas
- C.
Liquid
- D.
Vacuum
Correct Answer
D. VacuumExplanation
Sound requires a medium to travel through, such as air, water, or solids. In a vacuum, there is no medium for sound waves to propagate. This is because a vacuum is a space devoid of matter, including air molecules, which are necessary for sound to travel. Without molecules to vibrate and transmit the sound waves, there is no medium for sound to travel in a vacuum. Therefore, sound will not be able to travel in a vacuum.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?
- A.
Some materials absorb light waves
- B.
Some materials reflect light waves
- C.
Light waves are refracted by some materials
- D.
Light waves are emitted by some materials
Correct Answer
C. Light waves are refracted by some materialsExplanation
The diagram likely shows a ray of light passing through a material and changing direction. This phenomenon is known as refraction, which occurs when light waves travel from one medium to another with a different refractive index. Some materials can cause light waves to bend or change direction when they pass through them, demonstrating the property of refraction.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
B. BExplanation
Diagram B represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength. This is because the wavelength of electromagnetic waves is inversely proportional to their frequency, and diagram B has the highest frequency among the given options. Higher frequency corresponds to shorter wavelength, so diagram B represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The picture below shows a ringing bell inside a vacuum jar. As air is pumped from the vacuum jar, the sound level of the ringing bell will decrease until it can no longer be heard. This happens because air must be present in the jar in order for
- A.
Sound to be transferred
- B.
Electricity to flow through the wires
- C.
The rubber to seal the jar
- D.
The bell clanger to vibrate
Correct Answer
A. Sound to be transferredExplanation
The correct answer is "sound to be transferred". Sound waves require a medium, such as air, to travel through. In a vacuum, there is no air or any other medium for the sound waves to travel through, resulting in the sound level decreasing until it can no longer be heard.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A common characteristic of sound waves is that they
- A.
Are created by vibrations
- B.
Travel in straight lines toward the source
- C.
Travel fastest through empty space
- D.
Move at the speed of light
Correct Answer
A. Are created by vibrationsExplanation
Sound waves are created by vibrations. When an object vibrates, it causes the surrounding air particles to also vibrate, creating a disturbance that propagates as a sound wave. This is why we can hear sounds produced by vibrating objects. Therefore, the correct answer is that sound waves are created by vibrations.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Light
- C.
Electrical
- D.
Chemical
Correct Answer
C. ElectricalExplanation
When a person speaks into a telephone, the sound energy is converted mostly into electrical energy. This is because the sound waves produced by the person's voice cause vibrations in the microphone of the telephone, which then converts these vibrations into electrical signals. These electrical signals are then transmitted through the telephone wires and converted back into sound waves at the receiving end, allowing the person on the other end to hear the sound.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Chemical and physical changes are a part of everyday life. What are 2 ways that humans use chemical changes and physical changes to their advantage? (Use RAFFT or any short response technique to answer this quesiton in the space provided)
.png "The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O).
What do the symbols and represent in the model?")
.png "Which graph correctly shows the effect of heat energy on the motion of molecules of matter?")
.jpg "How is heat energy transferred within the liquid water in the pond?")
.png "Which statement best describes the property of light waves illustrated in the diagram below?")
.png "Which diagram represents electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength?")
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