MCQ Set 1 - Transistor Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of the collector current to the
- A.
Base current
- B.
Emitter current
- C.
Supply current
- D.
Collector current
Correct Answer
A. Base currentExplanation
The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of the collector current to the base current. This means that the base current is used to control or modulate the collector current in a transistor. By adjusting the base current, the collector current can be amplified or controlled, making the base current an important factor in determining the overall performance of the transistor.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The graph of current gain versus collector current indicates that the current gain
- A.
Is constant
- B.
Varies slightly
- C.
Varies significantly
- D.
Equals the collector current divided by the base current
Correct Answer
B. Varies slightlyExplanation
The graph of current gain versus collector current indicates that the current gain varies slightly. This means that the current gain does not remain constant but instead shows a small amount of variation as the collector current changes. This could be due to factors such as temperature variations or manufacturing tolerances. However, the variation is not significant enough to classify it as varying significantly. Additionally, the statement that the current gain equals the collector current divided by the base current is not supported by the given information.Rate this question:
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- 3.
When the collector current increases, what does the current gain do?
- A.
Decreases
- B.
Stays the same
- C.
Increases
- D.
Any of the above
Correct Answer
D. Any of the aboveExplanation
The current gain, also known as the beta (β) of a transistor, represents the ratio of the collector current to the base current. It is a measure of how effectively the transistor amplifies the input signal. When the collector current increases, the current gain can either decrease, stay the same, or increase. This depends on various factors such as the type of transistor, the biasing conditions, and the operating region of the transistor. Therefore, any of the given options can be true depending on the specific circumstances.Rate this question:
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- 4.
As the temperature increases, the current gain
- A.
Decreases
- B.
Remains the same
- C.
Increases
- D.
Can be any of the above
Correct Answer
D. Can be any of the aboveExplanation
The current gain of a device can be affected by various factors, including temperature. Depending on the specific characteristics of the device and its design, the current gain can either decrease, remain the same, or increase as the temperature increases. Therefore, it is possible for the current gain to be any of the above options.Rate this question:
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- 5.
When the base resistor increases, the collector voltage will probably
- A.
Decrease
- B.
Stay the same
- C.
Increase
- D.
Do all of the above
Correct Answer
C. IncreaseExplanation
As the base resistor increases, the base current decreases, which in turn reduces the collector current in a common emitter configuration. This leads to an increase in the collector voltage Vc​ due to less voltage being dropped across the collector resistor Rc​.Rate this question:
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- 6.
If the base resistor is very small, the transistor will operate in the
- A.
Cutoff region
- B.
Active region
- C.
Saturation region
- D.
Do all of the above
Correct Answer
C. Saturation regionExplanation
If the base resistor is very small, it means that the base current will be large. In the saturation region of a transistor, both the base-emitter junction and the base-collector junction are forward-biased. This means that a large base current will allow a large collector current to flow, resulting in the transistor being in saturation. Therefore, if the base resistor is very small, the transistor will operate in the saturation region.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Ignoring the bulk resistance of the collector diode, the collector-emitter saturation voltage is
- A.
0V
- B.
A few tenths of a volt
- C.
1V
- D.
Supply voltage
Correct Answer
A. 0VExplanation
The collector-emitter saturation voltage refers to the voltage drop across the collector-emitter junction when the transistor is in saturation mode. In this case, the question states that the bulk resistance of the collector diode is being ignored. This means that there is no resistance in the collector diode, resulting in a negligible voltage drop across it. Therefore, the collector-emitter saturation voltage is 0V.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Three different Q points are shown on a load line. The upper Q point represents the
- A.
Minimum current gain
- B.
Intermediate current gain
- C.
Maximum current gain
- D.
Cutoff point
Correct Answer
C. Maximum current gainExplanation
The upper Q point on the load line represents the maximum current gain. This is because the load line represents the relationship between the collector current and collector-emitter voltage in a transistor circuit. The upper Q point indicates the highest current gain that can be achieved in the circuit, meaning that the transistor is operating at its maximum amplification capability.Rate this question:
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- 9.
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, a decrease in the base resistance will move the Q point
- A.
Down
- B.
Up
- C.
Nowhere
- D.
Off the load line
Correct Answer
B. UpExplanation
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, it means that the Q point is already balanced and stable. When the base resistance decreases, it allows more current to flow through the base-emitter junction. This increase in current causes the Q point to move upwards along the load line, towards the saturation region. Therefore, the correct answer is "Up".Rate this question:
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- 10.
If the base supply voltage increase, the Q point moves
- A.
Down
- B.
Up
- C.
Nowhere
- D.
Off the load line
Correct Answer
B. UpExplanation
When the base supply voltage increases, it causes an increase in the collector current. This, in turn, shifts the Q point of the transistor upwards along the load line. As the Q point moves up, the operating point of the transistor shifts towards saturation, resulting in a higher output voltage and a lower output current. Therefore, the correct answer is "Up".Rate this question:
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- 11.
Suppose the base resistor is open. The Q point will be
- A.
In the middle of the load line
- B.
At the upper end of the load line
- C.
At the lower end of the load line
- D.
Off the load line
Correct Answer
C. At the lower end of the load lineExplanation
If the base resistor is open, it means that there is no current flowing through the base of the transistor. As a result, the transistor will not be biased and will not operate in the active region. Without biasing, the Q point (or operating point) of the transistor will be at the lower end of the load line. This is because the lower end of the load line corresponds to zero collector current and maximum collector voltage, indicating that the transistor is not conducting and is in an off state.Rate this question:
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- 12.
If the base supply voltage is disconnected, the collector-emitter voltage will equal
- A.
0V
- B.
6V
- C.
10.5V
- D.
Collector supply voltage
Correct Answer
D. Collector supply voltageExplanation
If the base supply voltage is disconnected, it means that there is no voltage being applied to the base of the transistor. In this case, the transistor will be in cutoff mode and will not conduct any current. When the transistor is in cutoff mode, the collector-emitter voltage will be equal to the collector supply voltage. Therefore, the correct answer is "Collector supply voltage."Rate this question:
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- 13.
If the base resistor has zero resistance, the transistor will probably be
- A.
Saturated
- B.
In cutoff
- C.
Destroyed
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. DestroyedExplanation
If the base resistor has zero resistance, it means that there is no resistance between the base terminal of the transistor and the input signal. This can lead to a high current flowing into the base terminal, which can potentially damage or destroy the transistor. Therefore, the correct answer is "Destroyed".Rate this question:
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- 14.
If the collector resistor opens in a base-biased circuit, the load line will become
- A.
Horizontal
- B.
Vertical
- C.
Useless
- D.
Flat
Correct Answer
A. HorizontalExplanation
If the collector resistor opens in a base-biased circuit, it means that there is no resistance in the collector circuit. This will result in a maximum current flowing through the collector, causing the load line to become horizontal. This is because the voltage across the collector resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, and without any resistance, the voltage will remain constant regardless of the current. Therefore, the load line will be a horizontal line on the voltage-current graph.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The collector current is 1.5mA. If the current gain is 50, the base current is
- A.
3uA
- B.
30uA
- C.
150uA
- D.
3mA
Correct Answer
B. 30uAExplanation
The collector current is determined by the product of the base current and the current gain (hfe) of the transistor. In this case, the collector current is given as 1.5mA and the current gain is 50. To find the base current, we can rearrange the formula: collector current = base current * current gain. Plugging in the given values, we can solve for the base current: 1.5mA = base current * 50. Rearranging the equation, we find that the base current is 30uA.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The base current is 50uA. If the current gain is 100, the collector current is closest in value to
- A.
50uA
- B.
500uA
- C.
2mA
- D.
5mA
Correct Answer
D. 5mAExplanation
The base current is multiplied by the current gain to determine the collector current in a transistor. In this case, the base current is 50uA and the current gain is 100. Therefore, the collector current can be calculated by multiplying the base current by the current gain: 50uA * 100 = 5000uA, which is equivalent to 5mA.Rate this question:
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- 17.
When the Q point moves along the load line, VCE decreases when the collector current
- A.
Decreases
- B.
Stays the same
- C.
Increases
- D.
Does none of the above
Correct Answer
C. IncreasesExplanation
As the Q point moves along the load line, VCE (voltage between collector and emitter) decreases when the collector current increases. This is because the load line represents the relationship between VCE and IC (collector current) for a given circuit. As the collector current increases, the voltage drop across the load resistance also increases, causing VCE to decrease. Conversely, when the collector current decreases, the voltage drop across the load resistance decreases, leading to an increase in VCE. Therefore, the correct answer is "Increases".Rate this question:
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- 18.
When there is no base current in a transistor switch, the output voltage from the transistor is
- A.
Low
- B.
High
- C.
Unchanged
- D.
Unknown
Correct Answer
B. HighExplanation
When there is no base current in a transistor switch, the transistor is in the cutoff region. In this state, the transistor is turned off and does not conduct current. As a result, the output voltage from the transistor is high, indicating an "off" state.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A circuit with a fixed emitter current is called
- A.
Base bias
- B.
Emitter bias
- C.
Transistor bias
- D.
Two-supply bias
Correct Answer
B. Emitter biasExplanation
Emitter bias is a type of circuit configuration where the emitter current is kept constant. In this configuration, a resistor is connected in series with the emitter terminal of a transistor, which helps to stabilize the current flowing through the emitter. This biasing technique is commonly used in transistor amplifiers to ensure a stable and predictable operation of the transistor. By keeping the emitter current fixed, the circuit can provide consistent amplification of the input signal.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The first step in analyzing emitter-based circuits is to find the
- A.
Base current
- B.
Emitter current
- C.
Supply current
- D.
Collector current
Correct Answer
B. Emitter currentExplanation
In emitter-based circuits, the emitter current is the first step to analyze. The emitter current is the total current flowing into the emitter terminal of the transistor. By finding the emitter current, we can determine the current flowing through the base and collector terminals as well. This information is crucial in understanding the behavior and characteristics of the transistor circuit. Therefore, analyzing the emitter current is the initial step in studying emitter-based circuits.Rate this question:
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- 21.
If the current gain is unknown in an emitter-biased circuit, you cannot calculate the
- A.
Emitter voltage
- B.
Emitter current
- C.
Collector current
- D.
Base current
Correct Answer
D. Base currentExplanation
In an emitter-biased circuit, the base current is determined by the emitter current and the current gain of the transistor. If the current gain is unknown, it becomes impossible to accurately calculate the base current. The base current is crucial for determining the overall performance and characteristics of the transistor circuit. Therefore, without knowing the current gain, it is not possible to calculate the base current accurately.Rate this question:
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- 22.
If the emitter resistor is open, the collector voltage is
- A.
Low
- B.
High
- C.
Unchanged
- D.
Unknown
Correct Answer
B. HighExplanation
If the emitter resistor is open, it means that there is no resistor connected to the emitter terminal of the transistor. In this case, the emitter current will be very small or zero, and the collector current will also be very small or zero. As a result, the voltage at the collector terminal will be close to the supply voltage, which is typically high. Therefore, the correct answer is high.Rate this question:
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- 23.
If the collector resistor is open, the collector voltage is
- A.
Low
- B.
High
- C.
Unchanged
- D.
Unknown
Correct Answer
A. LowExplanation
If the collector resistor is open, it means that there is no path for current to flow through the collector. As a result, the collector voltage will be low because there is no voltage drop across the resistor.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When the current gain increases from 50 to 300 in an emitter-biased circuit, the collector current
- A.
Remains almost the same
- B.
Decreases by a factor of 6
- C.
Increases by a factor of 6
- D.
Is zero
Correct Answer
A. Remains almost the sameExplanation
In an emitter-biased circuit, the collector current is determined by the emitter current and the current gain. When the current gain increases from 50 to 300, it means that the transistor is more efficient in amplifying the current. However, the emitter current remains almost the same because the circuit is emitter-biased, which means the biasing conditions are set to keep the emitter current constant. As a result, the collector current will also remain almost the same.Rate this question:
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- 25.
If the emitter resistance increases, the collector voltage
- A.
Decreases
- B.
Stays the same
- C.
Increases
- D.
Breaks down the transistor
Correct Answer
C. IncreasesExplanation
When the emitter resistance increases, it reduces the amount of current flowing through the emitter, which in turn reduces the voltage drop across the emitter resistor. As a result, the voltage at the collector terminal increases. This is because the collector voltage is determined by the difference between the supply voltage and the voltage drop across the emitter resistor. Therefore, when the emitter resistance increases, the collector voltage increases.Rate this question:
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- 26.
If the emitter resistance decreases, the
- A.
Q point moves up
- B.
Collector current decreases
- C.
Q point stays where it is
- D.
Current gain increases
Correct Answer
A. Q point moves upExplanation
When the emitter resistance decreases, it means that the emitter current increases. This increase in emitter current causes the Q point, which represents the operating point of a transistor, to move up on the load line. As a result, the collector current decreases because the transistor is operating at a higher voltage and closer to saturation. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Q point moves up.Rate this question:
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- 27.
When using a DMM (Digital Multimeter) to test a transistor, an approximate reading of 0.7V will be found with how many polarity connections?
- A.
One
- B.
Two
- C.
Three
- D.
None
Correct Answer
B. TwoExplanation
When using a DMM to test a transistor, an approximate reading of 0.7V will be found with two polarity connections. This is because a transistor has two junctions - the base-emitter junction and the base-collector junction. The base-emitter junction typically has a forward voltage drop of around 0.7V, which can be measured using the DMM. The base-collector junction does not have a significant voltage drop, so it does not affect the reading. Therefore, the DMM will show a reading of approximately 0.7V when testing a transistor with two polarity connections.Rate this question:
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- 28.
What DMM polarity connection is needed on an npn transistor's base to get a 0.7V reading?
- A.
Positive
- B.
Negative
- C.
Either positive or negative
- D.
Unknown
Correct Answer
A. PositiveExplanation
When measuring the voltage on an npn transistor's base, a DMM (Digital Multimeter) will show a 0.7V reading when the positive lead of the DMM is connected to the base of the transistor. This is because the base-emitter junction of an npn transistor typically has a forward voltage drop of around 0.7V. Therefore, connecting the positive lead of the DMM to the base will result in a 0.7V reading.Rate this question:
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- 29.
When testing an npn transistor using an ohmmeter, the collector-emitter resistance will be low when
- A.
The collector is positive in respect to the emitter
- B.
The emitter is positive in respect to the collector
- C.
The transistor is normal
- D.
The transistor is defective
Correct Answer
D. The transistor is defectiveExplanation
When testing an npn transistor using an ohmmeter, the collector-emitter resistance will be low when the transistor is defective. This is because a low resistance indicates a short circuit between the collector and emitter terminals, which is an abnormal behavior for a properly functioning transistor.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The major advantage of a phototransistor as compared to a photodiode is its
- A.
Response to higher frequencies
- B.
AC operation
- C.
Increased sensitivity
- D.
Durability
Correct Answer
C. Increased sensitivityExplanation
A phototransistor has a higher sensitivity compared to a photodiode. This means that it is more responsive to light and can detect even small amounts of light more accurately. The increased sensitivity of a phototransistor allows for better performance in low-light conditions and enhances its ability to detect and convert light into electrical signals. This advantage makes phototransistors suitable for applications where high sensitivity and accuracy are required, such as in optical communication systems, light sensors, and imaging devices.Rate this question:
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- 31.
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, a decrease in the current gain will move the Q pointÂ
- A.
Down
- B.
Up
- C.
Nowhere
- D.
Off the load line
Correct Answer
A. DownExplanation
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, it means that it is operating at a point where the collector current is halfway between its maximum and minimum values. If the current gain of the transistor decreases, it means that the transistor becomes less efficient in amplifying the input signal. As a result, the collector current will decrease, causing the Q point (the operating point of the transistor) to move downwards along the load line.Rate this question:
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