MCQs 206 Phamacology General 5dd 2019

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The correct answer is "អាយុពី ៦៧ឆ្នាំ" (From 67 years old). This answer is correct because the question is asking for the minimum age at which someone can become a painter. The other options are all ages above 67, so they are not relevant to the question. Therefore, the correct answer is the only option that meets the criteria of being at or above 67 years old.

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The answer is ៣៨ក្រ/ល because it is the only option that falls within the given range of "ចំនួនអាល់ប៊ុយមីនមនុស្សចាស់ជរា ក្នុង១លីត្រឈាម". The other options are either too high or too low.

The answer "សួត ឬបេះដូង១១%" suggests that for an 80-year-old person, the weight gain is attributed to an increase in body fat by 11%. This means that the person has gained weight primarily due to an increase in fat mass rather than muscle mass or other factors.

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The correct answer states that there are diseases and hormonal imbalances associated with connecting with aluminum. This suggests that there may be negative health effects or risks when interacting with aluminum.

In order to diagnose and treat the woman's abdominal pain, it is necessary to gather information about her medical history, including any previous illnesses or surgeries, as well as any current symptoms she may be experiencing. By obtaining this information, the doctor can make a more accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment options. Additionally, it is important to assess the effectiveness of any previous treatments and to provide the woman with relevant advice and information to manage her condition.

The answer states that in order to prevent waterborne diseases, it is necessary to treat water before consuming it. This is because untreated water can contain harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause illness. Water treatment methods, such as filtration, disinfection, and boiling, can effectively remove or kill these pathogens, making the water safe to drink. Therefore, it is important to take precautions and ensure that water is properly treated before consumption to protect against waterborne diseases.

The given answer options are pH values. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while a pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity. The answer options provided, 6, 6.7, and 2, fall within the acidic range of pH values. Therefore, these values can be considered as possible pH values for the given question.

បំបៅនៅពេលកំហាប់របស់ឱសថធ្លាក់ជិតដល់ក្រោម means "The boiling point of water decreases at high altitude". This is because as altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. Since boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor, lower atmospheric pressure at higher altitude means that the vapor pressure required for boiling to occur is reached at a lower temperature. Therefore, water boils at a lower temperature at higher altitudes.

The answer is ៧៥០ម.ល១០០០ ម.ល because it is the option that matches the given age range of "៣៤ខែ" (34 months) within one day. The other options do not fall within this age range.

The correct answer is ឱសថ ឬតមជាតិស្ករ ឬតមប្រៃ. This answer suggests that the question is asking about the different types of traditional healers or practitioners in Cambodia, specifically mentioning the "Austroasiatic" or "Mon-Khmer" ethnic group, which includes the majority of the Cambodian population. These traditional healers or practitioners are known for their knowledge and skills in traditional medicine and healing practices.

The explanation for the given answer is that providing clear explanations about the diagnosis and treatment options to the patient is important. This helps the patient understand their condition and make informed decisions about their healthcare. Additionally, it is crucial to ensure that the prescribed medication is appropriate and safe for the patient, taking into consideration any potential allergies or contraindications.

This answer suggests that in order to ensure accurate patient identification, the healthcare provider should collect and record the patient's name, gender, age, and address. Additionally, the answer states that it is important to use standardized terminology and follow proper procedures when entering this information into the system. The answer also emphasizes the importance of regularly reviewing and updating this information, but does not provide any specific instructions or details on how to do so.

The correct answer is "១ខែ ឬតិចជាង" which means "less than 1 month". This answer is based on the information provided in the question, which states that the maximum duration for a hypnotic sleep is less than 1 month.

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This answer states that the comparison between products can be made by using the level and quality of instructions for use, and by following the guidelines for safe usage. It also mentions that in some cases, the comparison may not be possible because the product may not have been tested or approved by a healthcare professional, based on the guidelines for safe usage.

ក្រុមប្រឆាំងនឹងឈាមកកនិងធ្វើឲ្យមានការហូរឈាម។ ករណីខ្លះផលរំខានធ្ងន់ធ្ងរកើតឡើងដោយដឹងខ្លួនជាមុន។ កើតឡើងលើមនុស្សយ៉ាងច្រើន។

Paracetamol 0,5g can be used up to 5 tablets without any problems.

Ibuprofen 400mg is a medication that can be used in different dosages depending on the severity of the condition. The dosage of 0.2, 0.4, or 4 grams is recommended for mild to moderate pain relief. It is important to follow the recommended dosage to avoid any potential side effects or complications.

Toxicose refers to the condition of being toxic, which can occur due to the presence of harmful substances or toxins in the body. This can result from various factors, including exposure to environmental toxins, ingestion of toxic substances, or the body's inability to properly eliminate toxins. The presence of toxins can lead to various symptoms and health problems in individuals.

The correct answer is that the employee's salary increases every year or they receive a yearly bonus.

The correct answer is that the presence of a benign tumor or a blocked airway can prevent proper management of asthma. This means that if there is a tumor or blockage in the airway, it can interfere with the airflow and make it difficult for the person with asthma to breathe properly.

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The correct answer is "ម័រហ្វីន ឬហេរ៉ូអ៊ីន" because these terms refer to medical equipment and techniques used for anesthesia. "ម័រហ្វីន" (morphine) and "ហេរ៉ូអ៊ីន" (heroin) are both opioids that can be used as pain relievers and sedatives. These drugs are commonly used in anesthesia to induce and maintain a state of unconsciousness during surgery.

The correct answer is "អំហ្វេតាមីន ឬមេតំហ្វេតាមីន" because it is a type of excitant substance. The given options are different types of substances, and "អំហ្វេតាមីន ឬមេតំហ្វេតាមីន" is the only option that fits the category of an excitant substance.

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This answer states that the external pressure applied by the air on the surface of the mosquito causes the mosquito to be unable to fly when it is landing. This is because the air pressure outside the mosquito is higher than the air pressure inside its body, causing the mosquito to be pushed down and preventing it from taking off.

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The correct answer is "ជំងឺធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ ហើយត្រូវប្រើកំរិតខ្ពស់" which means "Kidney disease and requires high-level treatment." This answer is correct because the question is asking about the appropriate treatment for a certain disease, and the answer states that kidney disease requires high-level treatment.

The correct answer is 48M/24h because the question is asking for the rate at which the enzyme cellulase G decomposes cellulose, which is measured in milligrams (M) per 24 hours (24h). The given answer of 48M/24h indicates that 48 milligrams of cellulose are decomposed by cellulase G in a 24-hour period.

The correct answer is "១៤អាទិត្យចាក់ម្តង" which means "once every 14 days". This answer indicates that the medication, Benzathine PNC 2,4M, should be administered every 14 days.

Benzathine PNC 2.4M is used to treat and prevent recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis (sore throat) and rheumatic fever. It is effective in treating and preventing streptococcal infections, which can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever can cause inflammation and damage to the heart, joints, and other organs. By using Benzathine PNC 2.4M, the severity and recurrence of streptococcal infections can be reduced, thereby preventing the development of rheumatic fever and its associated complications.

The correct answer suggests that the treatment for choc anaphylactique caused by PNC is to administer 0.5mg of adrenaline IM or SC, wait for 15 minutes before administering another dose of adrenaline, and then administer salbutamol or terbutaline and corticosteroids.

The given answer states that the evaporation rate is 23 millimeters per 24 hours. This means that in a span of 24 hours, 23 millimeters of water evaporates.

The explanation for the given answer is that it states the common infections caused by the bacteria staphylococcus, which include skin infections, respiratory tract infections, and infections in the throat and tonsils. The answer also mentions the presence of gonococcal infections, which are caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae and commonly affect the genital and urinary tracts. Additionally, the answer includes the occurrence of infections in the intestines and the nasal cavity, as well as on wounds and burns.

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This answer is likely correct because it is the highest amount of usage per day compared to the other options.

Amoxicilline+Acide clavulanique is more effective in treating infections compared to the other options. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid enhances the activity of amoxicillin by inhibiting the enzymes that can inactivate it. This combination is commonly used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and oxacillin are also antibiotics but may not have the same level of effectiveness against certain bacteria or may have a higher risk of resistance.

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The correct answer is "ជំងឺរបេងសួត និងរបេងក្រៅសួត" which translates to "Tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis". This answer is correct because the given statement mentions "គុណភាពព្យាបាលចំបងរបស់ Streptomycine" which means "the overall effectiveness of Streptomycin". Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) as well as other parts of the body (extrapulmonary tuberculosis). Therefore, the correct answer includes both types of tuberculosis.

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The correct answer states that the person has both diarrhea and constipation. This means that the person experiences alternating episodes of loose and watery stools, as well as difficulty passing stools or having infrequent bowel movements. This can be indicative of a condition called irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

The correct answer is "Néomycine" because it is a local antibiotic used for the treatment of infections.

The correct answer states that leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy blood cells and impair the immune system's ability to fight infections. Leukemia can also cause symptoms such as fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding, and frequent infections.

The answer states that the blender should be used for 2 hours before or after eating.

The correct answer is that the use of insecticides, such as aerosols or mosquito coils, can help to repel mosquitoes and prevent them from biting. This is important for people who live in areas where mosquitoes are common, as they can transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus. By using insecticides, individuals can protect themselves and their families from mosquito bites and reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.

This answer suggests that the product of the company is related to providing food, especially for employees and workers, as well as catering services for events and weddings. The answer also mentions that the product is associated with health and hygiene.

The correct answer is the first option, which states that the dosage of the medication should be increased from 600mg to 2400mg per 24 hours.

The correct answer is that the use of hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills or hormonal IUDs, is effective for women who do not want to get pregnant or for those who are under 6 years old. It is also effective for women with acne or menstrual cramps.

Chlorhexidine is not a phenolic compound. It is a bisbiguanide antiseptic that is commonly used for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. While phenol, triclosan, and orthocresol are all phenolic compounds that have antiseptic properties, chlorhexidine is not classified as a phenolic.

Formalin is not a halogen of antiseptics. Halogens of antiseptics typically include chlorine, iodine, and bromine. Formalin, also known as formaldehyde, is a disinfectant and preservative but does not belong to the halogen group.

Phenol is not considered a heavy metal, as it is an organic compound derived from benzene. Heavy metals typically refer to metallic elements with high atomic weights, such as zinc, copper, and silver. Therefore, the correct answer is Phenol.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of antiseptics commonly used in disinfectants and antiseptic products. They are effective against a wide range of microorganisms. However, formaldehyde is not a quaternary ammonium compound. It is a different chemical compound used as a disinfectant and preservative. Therefore, formaldehyde is not included in the list of quaternary ammonium compounds of antiseptics.

Chlorhexidine is not an oxidizing agent of antiseptics. While hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and potassium permanganate are all known for their oxidizing properties, chlorhexidine works by disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms, leading to their death. It is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that is commonly used in healthcare settings for disinfection and prevention of infections.

The given question asks for the physical methods of disinfectants that are NOT included in the options. The options provided are chemicals, temperature, membrane filtration, and radiation. The correct answer is "chemicals" because the other three options (temperature, membrane filtration, and radiation) are all physical methods of disinfection. Temperature involves using heat to kill or inactivate microorganisms, membrane filtration uses physical barriers to remove or trap microorganisms, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves to destroy microorganisms. Chemicals, on the other hand, are not a physical method but rather a different category of disinfectants.

The correct answer is Filtration. Filtration is not a method of controlling the temperature of disinfectants. Autoclave, refrigeration, and freezing are all methods that can be used to adjust the temperature of disinfectants. Autoclave uses high pressure and steam to sterilize at high temperatures, refrigeration lowers the temperature, and freezing reduces the temperature even further. Filtration, on the other hand, is a physical process used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter medium.

Osmotic pressure is not a temperature-based method of disinfection. It is the pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane, and it is not directly related to temperature. On the other hand, hot air oven, pasteurization, and boiling are all methods of disinfection that involve the use of high temperatures to kill or inactivate microorganisms.

Chloroform is not a handwashing agent. It is a volatile liquid that was historically used as an anesthetic but is no longer recommended for use due to its potential toxicity. Handwashing agents are substances that are used to clean and disinfect hands, such as chlorhexidine, triclosan, and iodine.

Triclosan is not a skin and mucosal antiseptic agent. It is commonly used in personal care products such as soaps and toothpaste as an antibacterial agent, but it is not typically used as a disinfectant for the skin and mucous membranes. Ethanol, propanol, and iodine, on the other hand, are commonly used as antiseptics to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin and mucous membranes.

NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of medications that primarily work by reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and lowering fever (antipyretic). However, they do not possess anti-histaminic properties. Anti-histamines are a separate class of drugs that specifically target histamine receptors to block allergic reactions and relieve symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. Therefore, the correct answer is "Anti-histaminic" as NSAIDs do not exhibit this action.

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. They are effective in reducing pain, inflammation, and fever. However, they are not used as antacids. Antacids are medications used to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and indigestion. Unlike NSAIDs, antacids work by reducing the acidity in the stomach rather than targeting inflammation or pain. Therefore, the correct answer is "Antacid."

The side effects of NSAIDs include gastric ulcers, urticaria, and prolongation of labor. However, hepatotoxicity is not a side effect of NSAIDs.

Tramadol is not classified as an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) because it works differently than traditional NSAIDs. While NSAIDs primarily inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and inflammation, tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Therefore, although it is commonly used for pain relief, it is not considered an NSAID.

Dexamethasone is not an NSAID drug because it belongs to a different class of medications called corticosteroids. NSAIDs, on the other hand, are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that work by reducing inflammation, pain, and fever. Flurbiprofen, diclofenac, and piroxicam are all examples of NSAIDs commonly used to treat various conditions such as arthritis, menstrual pain, and inflammation.

Metronidazole is not considered an NSAID drug because it belongs to a different class of medications known as nitroimidazoles. NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a group of medications used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. Examples of NSAIDs include meloxicam and mefenamic acid. Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is not an NSAID either, but it is commonly used for pain relief and reducing fever.

Betamethasone is a corticosteroid medication, not an NSAID drug. NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of drugs that reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. Examples of NSAIDs include Aceclofenac, Aspirin, and Indomethacin. Betamethasone, on the other hand, is a synthetic corticosteroid that is used to treat a variety of conditions, such as allergies, asthma, and skin disorders. It works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Therefore, Betamethasone does not belong to the NSAID drug class.

NSAID stands for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, which are commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. Fluconazole is not classified as an NSAID. It is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections. The other options listed - Naproxen, Meloxicam, and Celecoxib - are all NSAID drugs commonly used for pain relief and inflammation reduction.

Indomethacin is the correct answer because it is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause inflammation and pain. Hyoscine, Cephalexin, and Ampicillin are not NSAID drugs; Hyoscine is an antispasmodic medication, Cephalexin is an antibiotic, and Ampicillin is also an antibiotic.

Aceclofenac is the correct answer because it is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and inflammation. Codeine, Tramadol, and Dextromethorphan are not NSAIDs; Codeine is an opioid analgesic, Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, and Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant.

Methadone is not a corticoid drug. It is a synthetic opioid medication used for treating opioid addiction and pain management. The other three options, Triamcinolone, Prednisolone, and Cortisone, are all corticoid drugs commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Nabumetone is not a corticoid drug. Corticoid drugs are a class of medications that mimic the effects of corticosteroids, which are naturally produced by the adrenal glands. They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Prednisone, dexamethasone, and fluocinolone are all examples of corticoid drugs commonly used to treat various conditions such as inflammation, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. However, nabumetone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by reducing pain, inflammation, and fever, but it does not have the same corticoid properties as the other options.

Domperidone is not a corticoid drug. Corticoid drugs are a class of medications that mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. They are commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Fluticasone, hydrocortisone, and mometasone are all examples of corticoid drugs, whereas domperidone is a medication used to treat gastrointestinal disorders.

Corticoid drugs are a group of medications that mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. They are commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Naproxen, on the other hand, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause inflammation and pain. While naproxen is effective in reducing inflammation, it does not belong to the corticoid drug class. Therefore, it is the exception among the given options.

Betamethasone is not a corticoid drug that acts immediately. While prednisolone, triamcinolone, and prednisone are corticoid drugs that have immediate effects, betamethasone is a long-acting corticoid drug. It is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is often administered as a long-acting injection for conditions such as severe allergies, asthma, and certain autoimmune disorders.

Cortisone is not a corticoid drug that acts immediately or for a long duration. Cortisone is a corticosteroid that acts as a short-acting anti-inflammatory medication. It is often used to provide temporary relief from inflammation and pain. On the other hand, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and betamethasone are corticoid drugs that have both immediate and long-lasting effects. They are commonly used to treat various inflammatory conditions and suppress the immune system.

Corticoid drugs are known to have several side effects, including moon face, thinning of the skin, and buffalo hump. However, diarrhea is not typically associated with the use of corticoid drugs.

Corticoid drugs are known to have various side effects, but sedation is not one of them. Sedation refers to a state of drowsiness or sleepiness, and it is not typically associated with corticoid drugs. On the other hand, osteoporosis, peptic ulcer, and hypokalemia are commonly observed side effects of corticoid drugs. Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, peptic ulcer refers to sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, and hypokalemia is a deficiency of potassium in the blood.

Corticoid drugs are known to have various side effects, including hirsutism (excessive hair growth), peripheral edema (swelling in the extremities), and increased appetite. However, hypotension, which refers to low blood pressure, is not a common side effect of corticoid drugs.

Corticoid drugs are commonly associated with various side effects, including glaucoma, decreased growth in children, and poor wound healing. However, respiratory depression is not typically listed as a common side effect of these drugs. This means that while corticoid drugs may cause respiratory issues in some cases, it is not a commonly reported side effect.

Corticoid drugs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are effective in treating conditions such as Addison's disease, asthma, and leukemia. However, corticoid drugs are not typically used as analgesics, which are medications used to relieve pain. Therefore, the correct answer is Analgesic.

Corticoid drugs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are often prescribed for conditions like allergies, autoimmune diseases, and to suppress the immune system after organ transplantation. However, corticoids are not typically used for the treatment of infections. In fact, they can potentially worsen infections by suppressing the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is "Treatment of Infection."

Corticoid drugs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory properties, making them effective in treating conditions such as allergies and certain types of cancer. However, they are not typically used for the treatment of peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers are usually caused by a bacterial infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and are typically treated with antibiotics, acid-suppressing medications, and lifestyle changes. Corticoid drugs may actually worsen peptic ulcers by increasing stomach acid production. Therefore, the correct answer is "Treatment of peptic ulcer."

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Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic drug. It is commonly used for the relief of mild to moderate pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain. Dexpanthenol is a form of vitamin B5 and is not an opioid analgesic. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant and does not have analgesic properties. Dextrose is a form of sugar and is not an opioid analgesic. Therefore, the correct answer is Dextropropoxyphene.

Naloxone is the correct answer because it is an opioid antagonist. Opioid antagonists are medications that block the effects of opioids, such as pain relief and euphoria, by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain. Naloxone is commonly used to reverse opioid overdose by quickly binding to the opioid receptors and displacing the opioids. This helps to restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals experiencing an opioid overdose. Dexamethasone, Methadone, and Prednisone are not opioid antagonists, but rather belong to different drug classes and have different mechanisms of action.

Pantoprazole is not an antifungal drug. It belongs to a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors and is used to reduce the production of stomach acid. On the other hand, Itraconazole, Miconazole, and Ketoconazole are all antifungal drugs commonly used to treat fungal infections.

Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. Erythromycin, on the other hand, belongs to a different class of antibiotics called macrolides. Therefore, erythromycin is not a fluoroquinolone drug and is the exception among the given options.

Gentamicin is not a fluoroquinolone drug. It belongs to a different class of antibiotics called aminoglycosides. Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibiotics that inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, thereby preventing bacterial replication. Nalidixic acid, gemifloxacin, and ofloxacin are all fluoroquinolone drugs commonly used to treat various bacterial infections.

Amoxicillin is the exception among the given drugs because it does not belong to the fluoroquinolones class. Fluoroquinolones are a type of antibiotic that inhibit the activity of bacterial enzymes responsible for DNA replication and repair. Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Gemifloxacin are all fluoroquinolones drugs commonly used to treat various bacterial infections. However, Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that works by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall synthesis. Therefore, it is not a fluoroquinolone drug.