1.
Phenolics of Antiseptics are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Chlorhexidine
Explanation
Chlorhexidine is not a phenolic compound. It is a bisbiguanide antiseptic that is commonly used for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. While phenol, triclosan, and orthocresol are all phenolic compounds that have antiseptic properties, chlorhexidine is not classified as a phenolic.
2.
Halogens of Antiseptics are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Formalin
Explanation
Formalin is not a halogen of antiseptics. Halogens of antiseptics typically include chlorine, iodine, and bromine. Formalin, also known as formaldehyde, is a disinfectant and preservative but does not belong to the halogen group.
3.
Heavy Metals of Antiseptics are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. pHenol
Explanation
Phenol is not considered a heavy metal, as it is an organic compound derived from benzene. Heavy metals typically refer to metallic elements with high atomic weights, such as zinc, copper, and silver. Therefore, the correct answer is Phenol.
4.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds of Antiseptics are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Formaldehyde
Explanation
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of antiseptics commonly used in disinfectants and antiseptic products. They are effective against a wide range of microorganisms. However, formaldehyde is not a quaternary ammonium compound. It is a different chemical compound used as a disinfectant and preservative. Therefore, formaldehyde is not included in the list of quaternary ammonium compounds of antiseptics.
5.
Oxidizing agents of Antiseptics are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Chlorhexidine
Explanation
Chlorhexidine is not an oxidizing agent of antiseptics. While hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and potassium permanganate are all known for their oxidizing properties, chlorhexidine works by disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms, leading to their death. It is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that is commonly used in healthcare settings for disinfection and prevention of infections.
6.
Physical methods of Disinfectants are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Chemicals
Explanation
The given question asks for the physical methods of disinfectants that are NOT included in the options. The options provided are chemicals, temperature, membrane filtration, and radiation. The correct answer is "chemicals" because the other three options (temperature, membrane filtration, and radiation) are all physical methods of disinfection. Temperature involves using heat to kill or inactivate microorganisms, membrane filtration uses physical barriers to remove or trap microorganisms, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves to destroy microorganisms. Chemicals, on the other hand, are not a physical method but rather a different category of disinfectants.
7.
Temperature of Disinfectants are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Filtration
Explanation
The correct answer is Filtration. Filtration is not a method of controlling the temperature of disinfectants. Autoclave, refrigeration, and freezing are all methods that can be used to adjust the temperature of disinfectants. Autoclave uses high pressure and steam to sterilize at high temperatures, refrigeration lowers the temperature, and freezing reduces the temperature even further. Filtration, on the other hand, is a physical process used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter medium.
8.
Temperature of Disinfectants are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Osmotic pressure
Explanation
Osmotic pressure is not a temperature-based method of disinfection. It is the pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane, and it is not directly related to temperature. On the other hand, hot air oven, pasteurization, and boiling are all methods of disinfection that involve the use of high temperatures to kill or inactivate microorganisms.
9.
Handwashing agents are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Chloroform
Explanation
Chloroform is not a handwashing agent. It is a volatile liquid that was historically used as an anesthetic but is no longer recommended for use due to its potential toxicity. Handwashing agents are substances that are used to clean and disinfect hands, such as chlorhexidine, triclosan, and iodine.
10.
Skin & Mucosal Antiseptics agents are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Triclosan
Explanation
Triclosan is not a skin and mucosal antiseptic agent. It is commonly used in personal care products such as soaps and toothpaste as an antibacterial agent, but it is not typically used as a disinfectant for the skin and mucous membranes. Ethanol, propanol, and iodine, on the other hand, are commonly used as antiseptics to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin and mucous membranes.
11.
Actions of NSAIDS are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Anti-histaminic
Explanation
NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of medications that primarily work by reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and lowering fever (antipyretic). However, they do not possess anti-histaminic properties. Anti-histamines are a separate class of drugs that specifically target histamine receptors to block allergic reactions and relieve symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. Therefore, the correct answer is "Anti-histaminic" as NSAIDs do not exhibit this action.
12.
Therapeutic uses of NSAIDS are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Antacid
Explanation
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. They are effective in reducing pain, inflammation, and fever. However, they are not used as antacids. Antacids are medications used to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and indigestion. Unlike NSAIDs, antacids work by reducing the acidity in the stomach rather than targeting inflammation or pain. Therefore, the correct answer is "Antacid."
13.
Side effects of NSAIDS are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Hepatotoxicity
Explanation
The side effects of NSAIDs include gastric ulcers, urticaria, and prolongation of labor. However, hepatotoxicity is not a side effect of NSAIDs.
14.
NSAID drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Tramadol
Explanation
Tramadol is not classified as an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) because it works differently than traditional NSAIDs. While NSAIDs primarily inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and inflammation, tramadol works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Therefore, although it is commonly used for pain relief, it is not considered an NSAID.
15.
NSAID drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Dexamethasone
Explanation
Dexamethasone is not an NSAID drug because it belongs to a different class of medications called corticosteroids. NSAIDs, on the other hand, are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that work by reducing inflammation, pain, and fever. Flurbiprofen, diclofenac, and piroxicam are all examples of NSAIDs commonly used to treat various conditions such as arthritis, menstrual pain, and inflammation.
16.
NSAID drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Metronidazole
Explanation
Metronidazole is not considered an NSAID drug because it belongs to a different class of medications known as nitroimidazoles. NSAIDs, which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a group of medications used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. Examples of NSAIDs include meloxicam and mefenamic acid. Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is not an NSAID either, but it is commonly used for pain relief and reducing fever.
17.
NSAID drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Betamethasone
Explanation
Betamethasone is a corticosteroid medication, not an NSAID drug. NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of drugs that reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. Examples of NSAIDs include Aceclofenac, Aspirin, and Indomethacin. Betamethasone, on the other hand, is a synthetic corticosteroid that is used to treat a variety of conditions, such as allergies, asthma, and skin disorders. It works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Therefore, Betamethasone does not belong to the NSAID drug class.
18.
NSAID drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Fluconazole
Explanation
NSAID stands for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, which are commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. Fluconazole is not classified as an NSAID. It is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections. The other options listed - Naproxen, Meloxicam, and Celecoxib - are all NSAID drugs commonly used for pain relief and inflammation reduction.
19.
Which one is the NSAID drugs:
Correct Answer
A. Indomethacin
Explanation
Indomethacin is the correct answer because it is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause inflammation and pain. Hyoscine, Cephalexin, and Ampicillin are not NSAID drugs; Hyoscine is an antispasmodic medication, Cephalexin is an antibiotic, and Ampicillin is also an antibiotic.
20.
Which one is the NSAID drugs:
Correct Answer
A. Aceclofenac
Explanation
Aceclofenac is the correct answer because it is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and inflammation. Codeine, Tramadol, and Dextromethorphan are not NSAIDs; Codeine is an opioid analgesic, Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic, and Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant.
21.
Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Omeprazole
Explanation
Omeprazole is not a corticoid drug. It is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid production. Corticoid drugs, on the other hand, are a class of steroid hormones that have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Betamethasone, dexamethasone, and cortisol are examples of corticoid drugs commonly used for their anti-inflammatory properties.
22.
Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Methadone
Explanation
Methadone is not a corticoid drug. It is a synthetic opioid medication used for treating opioid addiction and pain management. The other three options, Triamcinolone, Prednisolone, and Cortisone, are all corticoid drugs commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
23.
Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Nabumetone
Explanation
Nabumetone is not a corticoid drug. Corticoid drugs are a class of medications that mimic the effects of corticosteroids, which are naturally produced by the adrenal glands. They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Prednisone, dexamethasone, and fluocinolone are all examples of corticoid drugs commonly used to treat various conditions such as inflammation, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. However, nabumetone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by reducing pain, inflammation, and fever, but it does not have the same corticoid properties as the other options.
24.
Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Domperidone
Explanation
Domperidone is not a corticoid drug. Corticoid drugs are a class of medications that mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. They are commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Fluticasone, hydrocortisone, and mometasone are all examples of corticoid drugs, whereas domperidone is a medication used to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
25.
Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Naproxen
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are a group of medications that mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. They are commonly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Naproxen, on the other hand, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause inflammation and pain. While naproxen is effective in reducing inflammation, it does not belong to the corticoid drug class. Therefore, it is the exception among the given options.
26.
Corticoid drugs acting immediately are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Betamethasone
Explanation
Betamethasone is not a corticoid drug that acts immediately. While prednisolone, triamcinolone, and prednisone are corticoid drugs that have immediate effects, betamethasone is a long-acting corticoid drug. It is primarily used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is often administered as a long-acting injection for conditions such as severe allergies, asthma, and certain autoimmune disorders.
27.
Corticoid drugs acting immediately or long are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Cortisone
Explanation
Cortisone is not a corticoid drug that acts immediately or for a long duration. Cortisone is a corticosteroid that acts as a short-acting anti-inflammatory medication. It is often used to provide temporary relief from inflammation and pain. On the other hand, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and betamethasone are corticoid drugs that have both immediate and long-lasting effects. They are commonly used to treat various inflammatory conditions and suppress the immune system.
28.
Corticoid drugs acting shortly or long the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Prednisolone
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are known for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Prednisolone is a corticoid drug that acts both shortly and for a longer duration, making it an exception to the statement. Cortisone, Dexamethasone, and Betamethasone are also corticoid drugs that act shortly or for a longer duration, aligning with the given statement.
29.
The common side effects of Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Diarrhea
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are known to have several side effects, including moon face, thinning of the skin, and buffalo hump. However, diarrhea is not typically associated with the use of corticoid drugs.
30.
The common side effects of Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Sedation
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are known to have various side effects, but sedation is not one of them. Sedation refers to a state of drowsiness or sleepiness, and it is not typically associated with corticoid drugs. On the other hand, osteoporosis, peptic ulcer, and hypokalemia are commonly observed side effects of corticoid drugs. Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, peptic ulcer refers to sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, and hypokalemia is a deficiency of potassium in the blood.
31.
The common side effects of Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Hypotension
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are known to have various side effects, including hirsutism (excessive hair growth), peripheral edema (swelling in the extremities), and increased appetite. However, hypotension, which refers to low blood pressure, is not a common side effect of corticoid drugs.
32.
The common side effects of Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Respiratory depression
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are commonly associated with various side effects, including glaucoma, decreased growth in children, and poor wound healing. However, respiratory depression is not typically listed as a common side effect of these drugs. This means that while corticoid drugs may cause respiratory issues in some cases, it is not a commonly reported side effect.
33.
The therapeutic uses Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Analgesic
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are effective in treating conditions such as Addison's disease, asthma, and leukemia. However, corticoid drugs are not typically used as analgesics, which are medications used to relieve pain. Therefore, the correct answer is Analgesic.
34.
The therapeutic uses Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Treatment of Infection
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are often prescribed for conditions like allergies, autoimmune diseases, and to suppress the immune system after organ transplantation. However, corticoids are not typically used for the treatment of infections. In fact, they can potentially worsen infections by suppressing the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is "Treatment of Infection."
35.
The therapeutic uses Corticoid drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Treatment of peptic ulcer
Explanation
Corticoid drugs are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory properties, making them effective in treating conditions such as allergies and certain types of cancer. However, they are not typically used for the treatment of peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers are usually caused by a bacterial infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and are typically treated with antibiotics, acid-suppressing medications, and lifestyle changes. Corticoid drugs may actually worsen peptic ulcers by increasing stomach acid production. Therefore, the correct answer is "Treatment of peptic ulcer."
36.
Opioid Analgesic drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Mometasone
37.
Opioid Analgesic drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Rabeprazole
Explanation
The given question is asking for the opioid analgesic drugs that are NOT included in the list. The correct answer is Rabeprazole. Rabeprazole is not an opioid analgesic drug. It belongs to a class of medications called proton pump inhibitors and is used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers. The other three options, Pentazocine, Tramadol, and Propoxyphene, are all opioid analgesic drugs commonly used for pain relief.
38.
Opioid Analgesic drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Diclofenac
Explanation
Diclofenac is not considered an opioid analgesic drug. It belongs to a class of medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Opioid analgesics, on the other hand, are medications that act on the opioid receptors in the brain to relieve pain. Morphine, fentanyl, and methadone are all examples of opioid analgesics.
39.
Opioid Analgesic drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. ChlorpHeniramine
Explanation
Chlorpheniramine is not an opioid analgesic drug. It belongs to a class of drugs called antihistamines, which are primarily used to relieve allergy symptoms. Opioid analgesics, on the other hand, are a class of drugs used to relieve moderate to severe pain. Codeine, morphine, and heroin are all examples of opioid analgesics.
40.
Which one is the Opioid Analgesic drugs:
Correct Answer
A. DextropropoxypHene
Explanation
Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic drug. It is commonly used for the relief of mild to moderate pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain. Dexpanthenol is a form of vitamin B5 and is not an opioid analgesic. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant and does not have analgesic properties. Dextrose is a form of sugar and is not an opioid analgesic. Therefore, the correct answer is Dextropropoxyphene.
41.
Opioid Analgesic drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Indomethacin
Explanation
Indomethacin is not an opioid analgesic drug. It belongs to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is primarily used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. Opioid analgesic drugs, on the other hand, are medications that bind to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body to reduce pain. Examples of opioid analgesics include Tramadol, Propoxyphene, and Morphine.
42.
Which one is the Opioid Antagonist:
Correct Answer
A. Naloxone
Explanation
Naloxone is the correct answer because it is an opioid antagonist. Opioid antagonists are medications that block the effects of opioids, such as pain relief and euphoria, by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain. Naloxone is commonly used to reverse opioid overdose by quickly binding to the opioid receptors and displacing the opioids. This helps to restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals experiencing an opioid overdose. Dexamethasone, Methadone, and Prednisone are not opioid antagonists, but rather belong to different drug classes and have different mechanisms of action.
43.
The therapeutic uses of Codeine are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. DyspHoria
Explanation
Codeine is a commonly used opioid medication that is primarily prescribed for its analgesic properties, meaning it is effective in relieving pain. Codeine is also known to cause euphoria, which is a feeling of intense happiness or excitement. Additionally, it is widely used as an antitussive medication to suppress dry cough. However, codeine is not typically used for the treatment of dysphoria, which refers to a state of unease or dissatisfaction. Therefore, the correct answer is dysphoria.
44.
Antifungal Drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Roxithromycin
Explanation
Roxithromycin is not an antifungal drug. It is actually a macrolide antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. The other three options, Amphotericin B, Nystatin, and Fluconazole, are all antifungal drugs commonly used to treat fungal infections.
45.
Antifungal Drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Cefuroxime
Explanation
Cefuroxime is not an antifungal drug. It belongs to the class of antibiotics known as cephalosporins and is used to treat bacterial infections. Antifungal drugs, on the other hand, are specifically designed to target and eliminate fungal infections. Clotrimazole, Griseofulvin, and Miconazole are all antifungal drugs commonly used to treat various types of fungal infections. Therefore, Cefuroxime does not belong to the category of antifungal drugs.
46.
Antifungal Drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Metronidazole
Explanation
Metronidazole is not an antifungal drug, but rather an antibiotic used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. Micafungin, fluconazole, and miconazole, on the other hand, are all antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections. Therefore, metronidazole does not belong to the category of antifungal drugs.
47.
Imidazole group of Antifungals are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Flucytosine
Explanation
The imidazole group of antifungals includes Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, and Clotrimazole. Flucytosine does not belong to this group.
48.
Antifungal Drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Omeprazole
Explanation
Omeprazole is not an antifungal drug. It is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces stomach acid production and is commonly used to treat conditions such as acid reflux and ulcers. Itraconazole, fluconazole, and clotrimazole, on the other hand, are all antifungal drugs used to treat various fungal infections.
49.
Antifungal Drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Rabeprazole
Explanation
Rabeprazole is not an antifungal drug. It belongs to a class of medications called proton pump inhibitors and is used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. The other options, Miconazole, Ketoconazole, and Clotrimazole, are all antifungal drugs commonly used to treat fungal infections.
50.
Antifungal Drugs are the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer
A. Pantoprazole
Explanation
Pantoprazole is not an antifungal drug. It belongs to a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors and is used to reduce the production of stomach acid. On the other hand, Itraconazole, Miconazole, and Ketoconazole are all antifungal drugs commonly used to treat fungal infections.