Mdcm - Cephalosporins & Others
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Which is true regarding cephalosporins (in comparison to PCNs). Select all that apply.
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Less strained ring system
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Less allergenic
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Less potent
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Less expensive
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Explore the properties and pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the MDCM - Cephalosporins & Others quiz. Assess your understanding of their comparison to penicillins, oral activity features, excretion pathways, and stability against beta-lactamases. Ideal for students and professionals in pharmacology and medicinal chemistry.
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- 2.
This cephalosporin was synthesized from...
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A cephalosporin
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A natural penicillin
Correct Answer
A. A natural penicillinExplanation
Because of the 3' methyl groupRate this question:
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- 3.
Cephalosporins are excreted primarily by the...
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Liver
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Kidney
Correct Answer
A. KidneyExplanation
Cephalosporins are primarily excreted by the kidney. This means that the majority of the drug is eliminated from the body through the urine. The kidney plays a crucial role in filtering waste products and drugs from the blood and excreting them through urine. Since cephalosporins are eliminated primarily by the kidney, it suggests that the kidney is the main organ responsible for clearing these drugs from the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which generation is the least stable to beta lactamases?
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1st
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2nd
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3rd
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4th
Correct Answer
A. 1stExplanation
The first generation is the least stable to beta lactamases because it has a narrow spectrum of activity and is more susceptible to enzymatic degradation by beta lactamases. First-generation beta-lactam antibiotics have a limited range of activity against gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria. They are less stable to beta lactamases, which are enzymes produced by bacteria that can break down and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, the first generation is less effective against bacteria that produce beta lactamases, making it the least stable option.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Cefazolin This is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis. Which of the following is also true?
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It can be used for MRSA
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It is the least stable of all the cephalosporins to beta lactamases
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It is dose once daily
Correct Answer
A. It is the least stable of all the cephalosporins to beta lactamasesExplanation
Cefazolin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis. The statement that it is the least stable of all the cephalosporins to beta lactamases means that compared to other cephalosporins, cefazolin is more susceptible to being broken down and rendered ineffective by beta-lactamase enzymes. This is an important consideration when choosing an antibiotic, as resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes is a common mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, cefazolin may not be as effective against bacteria that produce high levels of beta-lactamase enzymes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which feature conveys oral activity?
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C3 substituent
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C7 side chain
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Beta lactam
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COOH
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Dihydrothiazine ring
Correct Answer
A. C7 side chainExplanation
it has an ampicillin like side chainRate this question:
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- 7.
CefamandoleWhich of the following is true regarding this drug?
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It is the drug of choice for infant meningitis
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It is useful against MRSA and VRSA
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It can cause prolonged bleeding
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It can cause carnitine deficiency
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It is the most active drug against p. aeruginosa
Correct Answer
A. It can cause prolonged bleedingExplanation
b/c of the NMTT like groupRate this question:
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- 8.
CefotaximeWhich of the following is true regarding this drug? Select all that apply.
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It is the drug of choice for infant meningitis
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It is useful against MRSA and VRSA
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It can cause prolonged bleeding
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It has a metabolically vulnerable acetoxy group at C-3
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It is the most active cephalosporin against p. aeruginosa
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The polar aminothiazole ring increases Gram - activity
Correct Answer(s)
A. It is the drug of choice for infant meningitis
A. It has a metabolically vulnerable acetoxy group at C-3
A. The polar aminothiazole ring increases Gram - activityExplanation
Cefotaxime is the drug of choice for infant meningitis because it is effective against the bacteria that commonly cause this infection. It has a metabolically vulnerable acetoxy group at C-3, which means it can be easily modified and used to create different derivatives of the drug. The polar aminothiazole ring in cefotaxime increases its activity against Gram-negative bacteria, making it more effective against these types of infections.Rate this question:
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- 9.
CeftazadmineWhich of the following is true regarding this drug? Select all that apply.
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It can complex with iron and cause reddish stools
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It can cause prolonged bleeding
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It is the most active cephalosporin against p. aeruginosa
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It is used in combination with an aminoglycoside in PCN allergic patients
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It is available PO
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It is highly water soluble (zwitter ionic)
Correct Answer(s)
A. It is the most active cephalosporin against p. aeruginosa
A. It is used in combination with an aminoglycoside in PCN allergic patients
A. It is highly water soluble (zwitter ionic)Explanation
Ceftazidime is the most active cephalosporin against P. aeruginosa, a common and often drug-resistant bacteria. It is also used in combination with an aminoglycoside in patients who are allergic to penicillin. Ceftazidime is highly water soluble, specifically zwitter ionic, which means it has both positive and negative charges and can easily dissolve in water.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Cefotaxime is used in combination with ___________ for the empiric therapy of neonatal and inflant meningitis.
Correct Answer(s)
ampicillin
Ampicillin
AMPICILLINExplanation
Cefotaxime is commonly used in combination with ampicillin for the empiric therapy of neonatal and infant meningitis. The combination of these two antibiotics provides broad-spectrum coverage against the most common pathogens that cause meningitis in this population, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ampicillin is effective against certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus), while cefotaxime covers Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli. The combination therapy ensures that a wide range of potential pathogens is targeted, increasing the chances of successful treatment.Rate this question:
- 11.
CefotetanWhich of the following is true regarding this drug? Select all that apply.
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It has special binding affinity towards PBPs (specifically PBP3 of gram - bacteria)
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It is the only 4th generation cephalosporin currently on the market
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It is chemically incompatible with tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and heparin
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It can cause carnitine deficiency
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It can cause prothrombin deficiency and alcohol intolerance
Correct Answer(s)
A. It has special binding affinity towards PBPs (specifically PBP3 of gram - bacteria)
A. It is chemically incompatible with tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and heparin
A. It can cause prothrombin deficiency and alcohol intoleranceExplanation
it is a 2nd generation cephalosporinRate this question:
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- 12.
CefaclorWhich of the following is true regarding this drug?
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Prodrug, enhanced absorption when given with food, can be dispersed in apple juice
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PO, good for otitis media in kids (but serum-sickness SEs can be a problem)
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PO, fatty foods decrease absorption, can complex with iron to cause reddish stools
Correct Answer
A. PO, good for otitis media in kids (but serum-sickness SEs can be a problem)Explanation
the first choice refers to cefuroxime, the third choice refers to cefdinirRate this question:
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- 13.
A woman asks you if her child can eat a normal dinner while he is taking "cef-dinir." You tell her...
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Fatty foods and antacids diminish blood levels of this drug
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Fatty foods enhance the absorption of this drug
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Food can be taken without regard to this drug
Correct Answer
A. Fatty foods and antacids diminish blood levels of this drugExplanation
Fatty foods and antacids diminish blood levels of the drug "cef-dinir." This means that consuming fatty foods or antacids while taking this medication can decrease the effectiveness of the drug in the bloodstream. Therefore, it is advisable for the child not to eat fatty foods or take antacids while on "cef-dinir" to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of the medication.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which drug has the longest half life of all of the cephalosporins due to protein binding and slow urinary excretion?
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Cefdinir
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Cefixime
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Cefditoren
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Ceftibuten
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Cefpodoxime proxetil
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Ceftriaxone
Correct Answer
A. CeftriaxoneExplanation
Ceftriaxone has the longest half-life among the cephalosporins due to its strong protein binding and slow urinary excretion. This means that it remains in the body for a longer period of time before being eliminated. The strong protein binding allows it to stay bound to proteins in the bloodstream, preventing it from being rapidly cleared by the kidneys. The slow urinary excretion further prolongs its presence in the body. This longer half-life can be advantageous in certain situations where less frequent dosing is desired.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Cefpodoxime Proxetil This drug has better activity against s. aureus than cefixime. What else is true regarding this drug?
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It is not indicated for children under 12
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Absorption is enhanced by food but reduced by antacids
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A main side effect is diarrhea due to enhanced biliary excretion
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It is used in combination with aminoglycosides
Correct Answer
A. Absorption is enhanced by food but reduced by antacidsExplanation
Absorption of cefpodoxime proxetil is indeed enhanced by food but reduced by antacids. This means that taking the drug with a meal can improve its absorption, leading to higher levels of the drug in the body. On the other hand, taking antacids along with cefpodoxime proxetil can decrease its absorption, resulting in lower levels of the drug in the body. This information is important for healthcare professionals and patients to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of the medication.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Ceftibuten Oral bioavailability with this drug is decreased by food. What else is true regarding this drug?
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The beta lactam carbonyl is not very potent
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The beta lactam carbonyl is potent
Correct Answer
A. The beta lactam carbonyl is not very potentExplanation
C-3 is a hydrogen, we want an EWG thereRate this question:
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- 17.
CeftriaxoneWhich of the following is true regarding this drug? Select all that apply.
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Longest half life of all of the cephalosporins
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Disulfiram life effects may occur
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Bleeding may occur
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Diarrhea is common due to greater biliary excretion
Correct Answer(s)
A. Longest half life of all of the cephalosporins
A. Disulfiram life effects may occur
A. Bleeding may occur
A. Diarrhea is common due to greater biliary excretionExplanation
Ceftriaxone has the longest half-life among all cephalosporins, meaning it stays in the body for a longer duration. Disulfiram-like effects, which mimic the symptoms of alcohol intolerance, may occur when Ceftriaxone is consumed with alcohol. Bleeding may occur as a side effect of Ceftriaxone. Additionally, diarrhea is common with Ceftriaxone due to its greater biliary excretion.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which drug should you avoid if you have a carnitine deficiency and/or a milk protein hypersensitivity?
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Ceftobiprole
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Cefuroxime
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Cefixime
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Cefditoren
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Loracarbef
Correct Answer
A. CefditorenExplanation
Cefditoren should be avoided if you have a carnitine deficiency and/or a milk protein hypersensitivity. Carnitine is necessary for the metabolism of fatty acids, and a deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue. Milk protein hypersensitivity refers to an allergic reaction to proteins found in milk, which can cause symptoms such as hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing. Cefditoren is a cephalosporin antibiotic, and some cephalosporins have been reported to lower carnitine levels and contain trace amounts of milk protein, making them potentially problematic for individuals with these conditions.Rate this question:
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- 19.
LoracarbefThis drug is a carbacepham due to the replacement of the sulfur with a carbon. What does this mean for ring strain?
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Decreases ring strain, making the drug less potent
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Increases ring strain, making the drug more potent
Correct Answer
A. Increases ring strain, making the drug more potentExplanation
The replacement of sulfur with carbon in loracarbef increases ring strain. Ring strain refers to the strain or tension in a cyclic structure due to bond angles and bond lengths that deviate from their ideal values. Increased ring strain can lead to a higher reactivity of the molecule, making it more potent. Therefore, in the case of loracarbef, the increased ring strain resulting from the substitution of sulfur with carbon makes the drug more potent.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which drug(s) are active against MRSA?
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Cefditoren
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Cefixime
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Ceftobiprole
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Ceftibuten
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Ceftaroline
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ceftobiprole
A. CeftarolineExplanation
Ceftobiprole and ceftaroline are active against MRSA. These drugs belong to a class called cephalosporins, which are known for their activity against a wide range of bacteria, including MRSA. Ceftobiprole and ceftaroline have been specifically designed to target MRSA and other resistant strains of bacteria. They have shown effectiveness in treating MRSA infections and are commonly used in clinical practice. Cefditoren, cefixime, and ceftibuten are also cephalosporins, but they may not be as effective against MRSA as ceftobiprole and ceftaroline.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which is true regarding imipenem? Select all that apply.
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Synergistic with aminoglycosides for the treatment of p. aeruginosa
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Often used alone to treat p. aeruginosa
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Orally active
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Renal dehydropeptidase I causes hydrolysis and deactivation of the drug
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Good for community acquired infections and prophlaxis in surgery
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No cross allergy with PCNs
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Can cause seizures (esp in the eldery, with high doses, and in renal impairment)
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Less likely to cause seizure than other carbapenems
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Broader antibacterial spectrum than the third generation cephalosporins
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Active against MRSA
Correct Answer(s)
A. Synergistic with aminoglycosides for the treatment of p. aeruginosa
A. Renal dehydropeptidase I causes hydrolysis and deactivation of the drug
A. Can cause seizures (esp in the eldery, with high doses, and in renal impairment)
A. Broader antibacterial spectrum than the third generation cephalosporinsExplanation
never use alone for the tx of p. aeruginosa (always use with aminoglycoside to prevent resistance)
not orally available
do not use for community aquired infections or for prophylaxis in surgeryRate this question:
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- 22.
This drug is inhibited by renal dehydropeptidase I?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
no, b/c of the methyl at C-4Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which drug is resistant to most beta lactamases including some metallo-beta-lactamases.
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Imipenem
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Meropenem
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Ertapenem
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Doripenem
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Faropenem
Correct Answer
A. ErtapenemExplanation
Ertapenem is the correct answer because it is a carbapenem antibiotic that is resistant to most beta lactamases, including some metallo-beta-lactamases. Carbapenems are a class of antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those that produce beta lactamases, which are enzymes that can break down beta lactam antibiotics. Ertapenem's ability to resist these enzymes makes it a valuable option for treating infections caused by resistant bacteria. Imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, and faropenem are also carbapenem antibiotics, but they may not be as resistant to certain types of beta lactamases as ertapenem.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Monobactam reactivity is due to the electron withdrawing group on the nitrogen.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because monobactam reactivity is indeed due to the electron withdrawing group on the nitrogen. This electron withdrawing group helps stabilize the positive charge that is formed during the reaction, making the monobactam more reactive.Rate this question:
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- 25.
This drug is active only against gram negative organisms and is synergistic with aminoglycosides.
Correct Answer
Aztreonam
AZTREONAM
aztreonamExplanation
Aztreonam is a drug that is specifically effective against gram-negative organisms, meaning it targets and kills bacteria that have a certain type of cell wall structure. It also has a synergistic effect when used in combination with aminoglycosides, which are another class of antibiotics. This means that when Aztreonam is used together with aminoglycosides, the two drugs work together to enhance their effectiveness and improve the overall treatment outcome.Rate this question:
- 26.
As with penicillins, resistance to cephalosporins is mainly due to beta lactamase production, lack of cell permeability, and target modification.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Resistance to cephalosporins is mainly due to three factors: beta lactamase production, lack of cell permeability, and target modification. Beta lactamase is an enzyme produced by bacteria that breaks down the beta-lactam ring in the cephalosporin molecule, rendering it ineffective. Lack of cell permeability refers to the inability of the antibiotic to enter the bacterial cell and exert its effect. Target modification occurs when the target site of the antibiotic, such as the bacterial cell wall, undergoes changes that prevent the antibiotic from binding and inhibiting its function. Therefore, the statement that resistance to cephalosporins is mainly due to these factors is true.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The C-4 carboxylic acid (or hydrolyzable ester thereof: prodrug) is REQUIRED for activity of the cephalosporins.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that require the presence of a C-4 carboxylic acid or a hydrolyzable ester thereof (prodrug) in order to exhibit their activity. This means that without this specific functional group, cephalosporins would not be able to effectively treat infections. Therefore, the statement "The C-4 carboxylic acid (or hydrolyzable ester thereof: prodrug) is REQUIRED for activity of the cephalosporins" is true.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Cephalosporins are bacteriostatic against most clinically important Gram + cocci and Gram - bacilli.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
bactericidalRate this question:
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- 29.
What doe sthe C-3 side chain tell you about this drug?
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It came from a pencillin
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It came from a cephalosporin
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The beta lactam ring is more potent
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The beta lactam ring is less potent
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Metabolically more stable
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Metabolically less stable
Correct Answer(s)
A. It came from a pencillin
A. The beta lactam ring is less potent
A. Metabolically more stableExplanation
an EWG would increase the potency of beta lactam
also, this is not subject to metabolic hydrolysis of the C-3 acetyl group (like other first gen cephalosporins) because it does not have a c-3 acetyl group. it will not be broken by esterases.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is true regarding this drug? Select all that apply.
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The charged pyridinium group at C-3 increases the potency of the beta lactam carbonyl
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The charged pyridinium group at C-3 decreases the potency of the beta lactam carbonyl
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The steric bulk of the syn-oxime causes even more beta lactamase stability
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It is not very water soluble (zwitterionic)
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It is very water soluble (zwitterionic)
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Most active cephalosporin against pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Used along with aminoglycosides in PCN allergic patients
Correct Answer(s)
A. The charged pyridinium group at C-3 increases the potency of the beta lactam carbonyl
A. The steric bulk of the syn-oxime causes even more beta lactamase stability
A. It is not very water soluble (zwitterionic)
A. Most active cephalosporin against pseudomonas aeruginosa
A. Used along with aminoglycosides in PCN allergic patientsExplanation
The charged pyridinium group at C-3 increases the potency of the beta lactam carbonyl by enhancing its ability to bind to the target enzyme. The steric bulk of the syn-oxime causes even more beta lactamase stability, making it more resistant to degradation by beta lactamase enzymes. It is not very water soluble (zwitterionic), which can affect its absorption and distribution in the body. It is the most active cephalosporin against pseudomonas aeruginosa, making it an effective treatment option for infections caused by this bacteria. It is also used along with aminoglycosides in PCN allergic patients to provide a broader spectrum of antimicrobial coverage.Rate this question:
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- 31.
CefotaximeWhich of the following are true regarding this drug? Select all that apply?
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It came from a PCN
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It came from a cephalosporin
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It is used for neonate/infant meningitis
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The C-3 acetoxy group is metabolically stable
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The C-3 acetoxy group is metabolically vulnerable
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The polar aminothiazole ring increases gram - activity
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The aminothiazole ring isn't polar
Correct Answer(s)
A. It came from a cephalosporin
A. It is used for neonate/infant meningitis
A. The C-3 acetoxy group is metabolically vulnerable
A. The polar aminothiazole ring increases gram - activityExplanation
Cefotaxime is a drug that is derived from a cephalosporin. It is commonly used for the treatment of neonate/infant meningitis. The C-3 acetoxy group in cefotaxime is metabolically vulnerable, meaning it can be easily broken down in the body. The polar aminothiazole ring in cefotaxime increases its activity against gram-negative bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 32.
CeftriaxoneWhich of the following is true regarding this drug?
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Disulfiram like effects
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Most active cephalosporin against pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Longest half life of all of the cephalosporins due to protein binding and slow urinary excretion
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A single dose can treat urethral, cervical, rectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhea
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Bleeding may occur
Correct Answer(s)
A. Disulfiram like effects
A. Longest half life of all of the cephalosporins due to protein binding and slow urinary excretion
A. A single dose can treat urethral, cervical, rectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhea
A. Bleeding may occurExplanation
Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic that has disulfiram-like effects, meaning it can cause a reaction similar to that of disulfiram (a medication used to treat alcoholism) when alcohol is consumed. It also has the longest half-life among all cephalosporins due to its strong protein binding and slow urinary excretion. This allows for less frequent dosing. Ceftriaxone is effective in treating various forms of gonorrhea, including urethral, cervical, rectal, or pharyngeal infections. However, it is important to note that bleeding may occur as a side effect of ceftriaxone use.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following is true regarding this drug?
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You gain polarity with the vinyl C-3 group
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Fatty foods diminish absorption
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Antacids diminish absorption
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This can complex with iron and cause reddish stools
Correct Answer(s)
A. Fatty foods diminish absorption
A. Antacids diminish absorption
A. This can complex with iron and cause reddish stoolsExplanation
Fatty foods can decrease the absorption of the drug, which means that taking the drug with fatty foods may result in reduced effectiveness. Antacids can also diminish the absorption of the drug, potentially decreasing its effectiveness. Additionally, the drug can form a complex with iron, leading to the occurrence of reddish stools.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following is true regarding this drug?
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The C-3 group increases the potency of the beta lactam
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The syn-oxime ether at C7 has been replaced with a cis-ethylidene carboxylic acid
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Food increases absorption of this drug
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Food decreases absorption of this drug
Correct Answer(s)
A. The syn-oxime ether at C7 has been replaced with a cis-ethylidene carboxylic acid
A. Food decreases absorption of this drugExplanation
The correct answer is that the syn-oxime ether at C7 has been replaced with a cis-ethylidene carboxylic acid and that food decreases absorption of this drug. The presence of the cis-ethylidene carboxylic acid in place of the syn-oxime ether at C7 suggests a structural modification in the drug. This modification may have been made to enhance the drug's efficacy or improve its pharmacokinetic properties. Additionally, the statement that food decreases absorption of this drug indicates that taking the drug with food may affect its bioavailability and should be taken into consideration when prescribing or administering the drug.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is true regarding this drug?
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Better staph aureus activity than cefixime
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This is a prodrug and must be enzymatically cleaved to release cefpodoxin, the active drug
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Absorption enhanced by food
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Absorption decreased by antacids
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Absorption decreased by food
Correct Answer(s)
A. Better staph aureus activity than cefixime
A. This is a prodrug and must be enzymatically cleaved to release cefpodoxin, the active drug
A. Absorption enhanced by food
A. Absorption decreased by antacidsExplanation
The given correct answer states that the drug has better activity against staph aureus compared to cefixime. It also mentions that the drug is a prodrug, meaning it needs to be enzymatically cleaved to release cefpodoxin, the active drug. Additionally, it states that the drug's absorption is enhanced by food but decreased by antacids.Rate this question:
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- 36.
________'s absorption is increased by food, while ______'s absorption is decreased by food.
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Ceftibuten, Cefpodoxime
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Cefpodoxime, Ceftibuten
Correct Answer
A. Cefpodoxime, CeftibutenExplanation
Cefpodoxime's absorption is increased by food, while Ceftibuten's absorption is decreased by food.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following third generation cephalosporins are parenteral agents?
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Cefotaxime sodium
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Cefpodoxime Proxetil
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Cefditoren Pivoxil
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Ceftazadime
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Ceftriaxone
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Ceftibuten
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Cefixime
Correct Answer(s)
A. Cefotaxime sodium
A. Ceftazadime
A. CeftriaxoneExplanation
Cefotaxime sodium, Ceftazadime, and Ceftriaxone are parenteral agents because they can only be administered through injection or infusion. This means that they are not available in oral or topical forms and must be given directly into the bloodstream or muscle. On the other hand, Cefpodoxime Proxetil, Cefditoren Pivoxil, Ceftibuten, and Cefixime can be taken orally, making them non-parenteral agents.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which drug is not indicated for children under 12?
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Cefixime
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Ceftibuten
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Cefditoren
Correct Answer
A. CefditorenExplanation
Cefditoren is not indicated for children under 12. The reason for this could be that Cefditoren may have specific side effects or dosage requirements that are not suitable for children under 12 years old. It is important to follow the recommended guidelines and consult a healthcare professional when administering medications to children to ensure their safety and effectiveness.Rate this question:
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- 39.
4th generation cephalosporins are characterized by increased staphylococcal activity and broader gram negative activity.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
4th generation cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that have been developed to have increased activity against staphylococcal bacteria, which are commonly responsible for causing infections. Additionally, they also have broader activity against gram-negative bacteria, which are another common type of bacteria that can cause infections. Therefore, the statement that 4th generation cephalosporins are characterized by increased staphylococcal activity and broader gram-negative activity is true.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following is true regarding this drug?
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It is a 3rd generation parenteral cephalosporin
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It is a 4th generation parenteral cephalosporin
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It is a 5th generation parenteral cephalosporin
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Good cell wall penetration and aqueous solubility
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It is active against MRSA
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Low affinity for chromosomally mediated beta lactamases
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Broad spectrum (gram - and +)
Correct Answer(s)
A. It is a 4th generation parenteral cephalosporin
A. Good cell wall penetration and aqueous solubility
A. Low affinity for chromosomally mediated beta lactamases
A. Broad spectrum (gram - and +)Explanation
The drug is a 4th generation parenteral cephalosporin because it is mentioned in the options. It has good cell wall penetration and aqueous solubility, indicating that it can effectively enter bacterial cells and dissolve in water. It also has low affinity for chromosomally mediated beta lactamases, which are enzymes that can break down beta-lactam antibiotics. Lastly, it has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.Rate this question:
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- 41.
In cases of similarly substituted PCNs and cephalosporins (ampicillin and cephalexin) which is more potent?
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Ampicillin
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Cephalexin
Correct Answer
A. AmpicillinExplanation
Ampicillin is more potent than cephalexin in cases of similarly substituted PCNs and cephalosporins. This means that ampicillin has a greater ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria compared to cephalexin. The potency of an antibiotic is determined by its effectiveness in killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Therefore, in this scenario, ampicillin is the more effective and potent option.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Below is a list of all of the carbapenems currently on the market. Which of them are parenteral? Select all that apply.
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Imipenem
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Ertapenem
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Doripenem
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Meropenem
Correct Answer(s)
A. Imipenem
A. Ertapenem
A. Doripenem
A. MeropenemExplanation
All of the carbapenems listed are parenteral, which means they are administered through injection or infusion. Parenteral administration allows for direct delivery of the medication into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. This is often necessary for carbapenems, as they are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat serious infections that require immediate and high levels of drug concentration in the body. Imipenem, ertapenem, doripenem, and meropenem are all commonly used parenteral carbapenems.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Imipenem is one of the broadest spectrum agents we have, surpassing all of the third generation cephalosporins. It should not be used for community acquired infections and prophylaxis for surgery.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Imipenem is considered to be one of the most effective antibiotics available, with a broad spectrum of activity against various types of bacteria. It is even more potent than third generation cephalosporins, which are already known for their wide range of coverage. However, due to its potency and potential for causing resistance, it is not recommended for use in community acquired infections. Additionally, it should not be used as prophylaxis for surgery, as there are other antibiotics that are more suitable for this purpose. Therefore, the statement "Imipenem should not be used for community acquired infections and prophylaxis for surgery" is true.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Imipenem is synergistic with aminoglycosides for the treatment of p. aeruginosa.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against many types of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aminoglycosides are another class of antibiotics that can also be effective against P. aeruginosa. When imipenem is used in combination with aminoglycosides, they have a synergistic effect, meaning that their combined action is greater than the sum of their individual actions. This makes the combination of imipenem and aminoglycosides an effective treatment option for P. aeruginosa infections. Therefore, the statement that imipenem is synergistic with aminoglycosides for the treatment of P. aeruginosa is true.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following is true regarding meropenem?
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Can cause seizures (but less than with imipenem)
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Cross allergy with penicillins
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The C-3 side chain enhances activity against p. aeruginosa
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No need to coadminster cilastatin
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The beta methyl means that this drug will NOT be degraded by renal dehydropeptidase I
Correct Answer(s)
A. Can cause seizures (but less than with imipenem)
A. Cross allergy with penicillins
A. The C-3 side chain enhances activity against p. aeruginosa
A. No need to coadminster cilastatin
A. The beta methyl means that this drug will NOT be degraded by renal dehydropeptidase IExplanation
Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic that can cause seizures, although the risk is lower compared to imipenem. It also has cross-allergy with penicillins, meaning that patients who are allergic to penicillins may also be allergic to meropenem. The C-3 side chain of meropenem enhances its activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common pathogen in hospital-acquired infections. Unlike imipenem, meropenem does not require coadministration with cilastatin, which is an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I. Additionally, the presence of a beta methyl group in meropenem prevents its degradation by renal dehydropeptidase I.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which drug has a long half life and is resistant to most beta lactamases include metallo-beta lactamases?
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Imipenem
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Meropenem
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Ertapenem
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Doripenem
Correct Answer
A. ErtapenemExplanation
Ertapenem is the correct answer because it has a long half-life and is resistant to most beta-lactamases, including metallo-beta-lactamases. Ertapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria. Its long half-life allows for once-daily dosing, making it convenient for patients. Additionally, its resistance to beta-lactamases, including metallo-beta-lactamases, ensures its efficacy against bacteria that produce these enzymes, which can inactivate other beta-lactam antibiotics.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Aztreonam (a monobactam) has better CNS penetration than the third generation cephalosporins.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because third-generation cephalosporins have better CNS penetration compared to aztreonam, a monobactam. Third-generation cephalosporins have a larger spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria and are commonly used to treat infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Aztreonam, on the other hand, has limited activity against gram-negative bacteria and is not commonly used for CNS infections. Therefore, third-generation cephalosporins are preferred over aztreonam when treating CNS infections.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Aztreonam is only effective against gram negative organisms and is synergistic with aminoglycosides.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Aztreonam is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that targets only gram-negative bacteria. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death. Additionally, it has been found to have a synergistic effect when used in combination with aminoglycosides, another class of antibiotics. This means that the two drugs work together to enhance their effectiveness against gram-negative organisms. Therefore, the statement that Aztreonam is only effective against gram-negative organisms and is synergistic with aminoglycosides is true.Rate this question:
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May 08, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Dec 05, 2010Quiz Created by
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