Med Surg Exam 1

1.

Select all of the following that is true regarding informed consent:
- A.
  
  Explanation of the purpose of treatment, successful outcome probability, risks vs. benefits, alternative treatments available
- B.
  
  Pt must demonstrate clear understanding and comprehension of information before receiving medications
- C.
  
  Educate pt that after signing form, he or she is unable to withdraw consent after medication administration
- D.
  
  Must give consent voluntarily, without persuasion
Correct Answer(s)
A. Explanation of the purpose of treatment, successful outcome probability, risks vs. benefits, alternative treatments available
B. Pt must demonstrate clear understanding and comprehension of information before receiving medications
D. Must give consent voluntarily, without persuasion

Explanation
Informed consent is a process in which a patient is provided with all the necessary information about their treatment, including the purpose of the treatment, the probability of a successful outcome, the risks and benefits involved, and any alternative treatments available. The patient must also demonstrate a clear understanding and comprehension of this information before receiving medications. In addition, the patient must give their consent voluntarily, without any form of persuasion. This ensures that the patient is fully informed and able to make their own decisions regarding their treatment.

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2.

Which of the following patient's personal items is allowed in the OR?
- A.
  
  Wedding ring
- B.
  
  Contact lenses
- C.
  
  Fingernail polish
- D.
  
  Cosmetics
Correct Answer
A. Wedding ring

Explanation
Must be taped securely to the finger to prevent loss.

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3.

Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxemia?
- A.
  
  Rapid breathing, thready pulse, apprehension
- B.
  
  Abdominal breathing, bounding pulse, diaphoresis
- C.
  
  Weak pulse, peripheral edema, hyperactive DTRs (deep tendon reflexes)
- D.
  
  Pallor, shallow respirations, anxiety
Correct Answer
A. Rapid breathing, thready pulse, apprehension

Explanation
The symptoms of rapid breathing, thready pulse, and apprehension may indicate hypoxemia. Rapid breathing is the body's attempt to increase oxygen intake, while a thready pulse indicates reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery. Apprehension can be a response to the body's oxygen deprivation. These symptoms suggest that the body is not receiving enough oxygen, which is a characteristic of hypoxemia.

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4.

The following post-op patients enters the PACU c/o chest pain and dyspnea. The nurse notices the patient appears agitated. Vital signs reveal tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. What is most likely the cause of the signs and symptoms?
- A.
  
  Hypokalemia
- B.
  
  MI
- C.
  
  Pulmonary embolism
- D.
  
  Heart failure
Correct Answer
C. Pulmonary embolism

Explanation
The patient in this scenario presents with chest pain, dyspnea, agitation, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. These symptoms are highly suggestive of a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks blood flow. This can lead to decreased oxygenation, causing chest pain and dyspnea. The increased heart rate and respiratory rate are the body's compensatory mechanisms to try to improve oxygenation. Hypotension can occur due to decreased cardiac output. While MI, heart failure, and hypokalemia can cause similar symptoms, the combination of signs and symptoms in this case is most consistent with a pulmonary embolism.

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Med Surg Exam 1

Select all of the following that is true regarding informed consent:

Which of the following patient's personal items is allowed in the OR?

Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxemia?

The following post-op patients enters the PACU c/o chest pain and dyspnea. The nurse notices the patient appears agitated. Vital signs reveal tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. What is most likely the cause of the signs and symptoms?