Medical Gas Therapy II

High flows refer to the delivery of high flow rates of oxygen to patients who require it. This ensures that the patients' needs for oxygen are met, and in some cases, even exceeded. Therefore, the correct answer is "meet or exceed patients needs."

A high flow system typically delivers a high flow rate of oxygen to meet the patient's inspiratory flow demands. However, in certain circumstances, such as when there is room air entrainment, the delivered flow rate may not be sufficient to meet the patient's needs. This can result in the system functioning as a low flow system, as the patient is not receiving the desired high flow of oxygen.

Heliox is a gas mixture of helium and oxygen that is used to manage large airway obstruction. Helium is lighter than air, which reduces the resistance to airflow and allows for more efficient breathing. Oxygen is added to provide the necessary oxygenation. This mixture is particularly beneficial in cases where there is a significant obstruction in the airway, as it helps to improve ventilation and oxygenation. Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide are not used for managing airway obstruction, and oxygen alone may not be sufficient in severe cases.

Hyperbaric O2 (HBO) Therapy is administered via multiplace and monoplace chambers. Multiplace chambers can accommodate multiple patients and medical personnel, allowing for treatments to be administered in a group setting. Monoplace chambers, on the other hand, are designed for single-patient use. Both types of chambers are used for delivering hyperbaric oxygen therapy, depending on the specific needs of the patient and the treatment facility.

Low flow systems provide supplemental oxygen directly to the airway at a flow rate of 8 L/min or less. These systems include nasal cannulas and simple face masks. They deliver a mixture of oxygen and room air, with the remaining air being inhaled through the nose or mouth. Low flow systems are commonly used in situations where precise oxygen concentrations are not necessary, such as in mild respiratory distress or during exercise. They are also more comfortable for patients and allow for better communication and eating compared to high flow systems.

A high flow system is capable of supplying the entire inspired volume to the patient regardless of the inspiratory flow rate. This means that regardless of how fast or slow the patient is breathing, the high flow system can deliver the necessary amount of oxygen to meet their needs. This is in contrast to low flow systems, which only provide a portion of the inspired volume, and reservoir systems, which store oxygen for later use. Therefore, the correct answer is high flow system.

Based on the given information, the patient has a tidal volume greater than 700 mL and an irregular breathing pattern. In this case, a high flow system would be the most appropriate choice. High flow systems deliver a higher flow rate of oxygen to compensate for the irregular breathing pattern and ensure that the patient receives an adequate amount of oxygen. Low flow systems and reservoir systems may not provide enough oxygen to meet the patient's needs in this situation. Therefore, the patient should be on a high flow system.

The correct answer is "Nasal Cannula LPM and FiO2 Range" because the question is asking for the AEM and FiO2 range, and the nasal cannula is a device used to deliver oxygen therapy to patients. The LPM (liters per minute) refers to the flow rate of oxygen being delivered through the nasal cannula, and the FiO2 range refers to the fraction of inspired oxygen, which indicates the concentration of oxygen being delivered. Therefore, this option includes both the flow rate and the concentration of oxygen, making it the correct answer.

The correct answer is nasal canula because it is a device used to deliver supplemental oxygen to a patient. The amount of oxygen delivered can vary between 0.24-0.40, depending on how much room air the patient inhales in addition to the oxygen provided through the nasal canula.

NO (Nitric Oxide) is most commonly administered through Mechanical Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation involves the use of a ventilator to deliver oxygen and other gases to the patient's lungs. NO can be added to the ventilator circuit and delivered directly to the patient's airways, helping to improve oxygenation and reduce pulmonary hypertension. This method allows for precise control and monitoring of the NO dosage, making it the preferred administration route for NO in most cases.

The given question is asking for the correct answer based on the given information. The information states that an 80/20 mixture has a value of 1.8, and a 70/30 mixture has a value of 1.6. The correct answer is Helium. However, without further context or explanation, it is unclear why Helium is the correct answer.

The statement "A decrease in carbon dioxide production is a major goal of oxygen therapy" is false. Oxygen therapy is primarily used to increase the oxygen levels in the body, not to decrease carbon dioxide production. Oxygen therapy is commonly used to treat conditions such as respiratory distress, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and hypoxemia, where the body is not getting enough oxygen. It helps improve oxygenation and relieve symptoms, but it does not directly target carbon dioxide production.

The correct answer is "Nasal Canula Flow Rate." This is because the question is asking about the flow rate specifically for a nasal cannula, which is a device used to deliver oxygen to a patient through their nose. The other options mentioned, such as Venturi Mask Flow Rate and Aerosol Mask Flow Rate, are not relevant to the question as they refer to different types of oxygen delivery devices.

The correct answer is "Non Breathing Mask." A non-breathing mask, also known as a non-rebreather mask, is a type of mask used in medical settings to deliver high concentrations of oxygen to patients. It is designed with a one-way valve and a reservoir bag to ensure that the patient receives pure oxygen without inhaling exhaled air or room air. This mask is commonly used in emergency situations or for patients with severe respiratory distress. The other options listed (Aerosol Mask and Venti Mask) are different types of masks used for specific purposes and do not have the same features as a non-breathing mask.

Nitric Oxide Therapy improves oxygenation without shunting. This means that it helps to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood without causing blood to bypass certain areas of the lungs, which can occur in conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By improving oxygenation without shunting, Nitric Oxide Therapy can effectively increase the amount of oxygen available to the body's tissues and organs, improving overall oxygen levels and potentially benefiting patients with respiratory conditions.

If a patient is breathing at a rate greater than 25 breaths per minute, it indicates a high respiratory rate. In such cases, using a high flow oxygen delivery system would be appropriate. High flow systems, such as nasal cannula or Venturi mask, provide a higher flow rate of oxygen to meet the increased demand of the patient's respiratory rate. This ensures that the patient receives an adequate amount of oxygen to support their breathing. Therefore, the correct answer is high flow.

O2 Therapy is used to correct acute hypoxemia, decrease the symptoms of chronic hypoxemia, and decrease cardiopulmonary workload. Acute hypoxemia refers to a sudden decrease in oxygen levels in the blood, and O2 therapy helps to restore normal oxygen levels. Chronic hypoxemia refers to a long-term decrease in oxygen levels, and O2 therapy can help alleviate symptoms associated with this condition. Additionally, O2 therapy can decrease the workload on the heart and lungs, as it provides supplemental oxygen and reduces the strain on these organs.

HBO, or hyperbaric oxygen therapy, is a treatment that involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber. It is used to treat various acute conditions, including air embolism and carbon monoxide poisoning. Air embolism occurs when air bubbles enter the bloodstream and can be life-threatening. HBO helps to dissolve these bubbles and restore normal blood flow. Carbon monoxide poisoning is caused by inhaling carbon monoxide gas, which can be fatal. HBO helps to replace the carbon monoxide with oxygen, reducing the risk of tissue damage and promoting healing.

The correct answer is venturi mask, aerosol systems, and large volume nebulizer humidifier system. These are all examples of high flow systems used in medical settings. A venturi mask delivers a precise oxygen concentration to the patient by mixing oxygen with room air. Aerosol systems deliver medication in the form of a mist or spray, often used to treat respiratory conditions. A large volume nebulizer humidifier system delivers a high flow of humidified oxygen to the patient, helping to improve oxygenation and respiratory function.

High-Flow nasal cannulas provide all of the above mentioned benefits. They deliver a high FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) to the patient, ensuring that they receive a high concentration of oxygen. Additionally, the nasal cannulas also provide high relative humidity, which helps to prevent drying of the airways and improves patient comfort. Lastly, they can also provide positive pressure, which can help to improve oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing for the patient.

Nitric Oxide Therapy is primarily used for patients with pulmonary hypertension. It helps to relax and widen the blood vessels in the lungs, improving blood flow and reducing the pressure in the pulmonary arteries. This therapy is beneficial for patients with pulmonary hypertension as it can help alleviate symptoms and improve their overall condition. Additionally, it may also have secondary uses for patients with ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), although the primary use remains for patients with pulmonary hypertension.

A blending system is capable of providing a precise and adjustable concentration of oxygen to the patient. It can mix oxygen with room air to achieve the desired concentration, which is important for patients with different oxygen requirements. This is particularly necessary when the patient's peak inspiratory flow rate is high, as the blending system can deliver oxygen at a flow rate equal to or exceeding the patient's peak inspiratory flow. Therefore, a blending system is the most suitable option for delivering oxygen at the required concentration and flow rate.

A high flow system is indicated whenever consistent and predictable FIO2 (Fraction of Inspired Oxygen) is required. This means that the patient needs a specific and reliable level of oxygen concentration in their inspired air. Additionally, a high flow system is also indicated when the patient does not meet the low flow criteria, which suggests that they require a higher flow rate of oxygen to meet their oxygenation needs.

A high flow device is defined as a system that can provide a significant amount of total flow. In this case, the correct answer is "10 - 15" LPM (Liters Per Minute). This means that for a system to be considered a high flow device, it should be able to provide a total flow of at least 10 to 15 LPM.

Supplemental O2 is required when a patient's oxygen levels are low. Laboratory measures, clinical history, and bedside patient evaluation are all methods that can be used to assess the need for supplemental O2. Laboratory measures involve analyzing blood samples to determine the oxygen levels. Clinical history involves reviewing the patient's medical records and history to identify any underlying conditions or factors that may contribute to low oxygen levels. Bedside patient evaluation involves observing the patient's physical signs and symptoms, such as shortness of breath or cyanosis, which can indicate the need for supplemental O2.

The correct answer is "The FIO2 ordered." When using an AEM (Active Expiratory Minute Ventilation), the gas flow is dependent on the Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FIO2) that is ordered for the patient. The FIO2 determines the amount of oxygen that is delivered to the patient, and the AEM adjusts the gas flow accordingly to maintain the desired oxygen concentration. The Patients Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate and Room Air do not directly affect the gas flow in an AEM.

These are all examples of high flow devices used in respiratory therapy. High flow devices deliver a higher flow rate of oxygen or air to the patient, providing a greater concentration of oxygen and better respiratory support. AEM (Advanced Emergency Medicine) is a type of air entrainment nebulizer that delivers a high flow of oxygen mixed with medication to the patient's airways. Blending System-Open is a device that mixes oxygen and air to deliver a high flow of oxygen to the patient. High Flow Nasal Cannula System is a device that delivers a high flow of heated and humidified oxygen through nasal prongs. Non-Rebreather Mask is a mask that delivers a high flow of oxygen with a reservoir bag attached to ensure that the patient breathes in a higher concentration of oxygen.

The given options are different types of oxygen delivery devices. The answer "AEM" stands for "Air Entrainment Mask." This type of mask is used to deliver a specific concentration of oxygen by mixing ambient air with oxygen from a source. It is commonly used in emergency situations or when precise oxygen concentrations are required.

The examples provided in the answer are all high flow O2 delivery systems that can provide 100% of the patient's O2 needs. High flow nasal cannula delivers a high flow of oxygen through a nasal cannula, while a Venturi mask delivers a precise oxygen concentration by mixing oxygen with room air. Cascade High Flow and Passover High Flow are also high flow systems that provide a high concentration of oxygen. Regular High Flow with Aerosol Mask is another example of a high flow system that delivers oxygen through an aerosol mask.

O2 therapy is indicated in the care of adults, children, and infants older than 28 days if their PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood) is less than or equal to 60mmHg or their SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) is less than or equal to 90%. This means that if the levels of oxygen in the blood are below these thresholds, O2 therapy is necessary to ensure adequate oxygenation in the body.

Nitric oxide therapy can have several drawbacks. One of them is a poor paradoxical response, which means that the desired effect of the therapy may not be achieved. Another drawback is rebound hypoxemia, which refers to a sudden drop in oxygen levels after discontinuing the therapy. Additionally, pulmonary hypertension can also be a drawback of nitric oxide therapy. These drawbacks highlight the potential limitations and risks associated with this treatment approach.