Medical Terminology Chapter 12: Urinary System Questions
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
What organ produces urine and helps regulate and control body fluids?
- A.
Urinary bladder
- B.
Urethra
- C.
Kidneys
- D.
Ureters
Correct Answer
C. KidneysExplanation
The kidneys are responsible for producing urine and helping regulate and control body fluids. They filter waste and excess water from the blood, creating urine that is then stored in the urinary bladder before being eliminated through the urethra. The kidneys also play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of electrolytes, pH levels, and blood pressure in the body.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What organ transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
- A.
Kidneys
- B.
Urinary bladder
- C.
Ureters
- D.
Urethra
Correct Answer
C. UretersExplanation
The ureters are the tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. They are responsible for carrying the urine that has been filtered and produced by the kidneys to the bladder for temporary storage before it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood to produce urine, and the ureters play a crucial role in transporting this urine to the bladder.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What organ serves as a reservoir for urine?
- A.
Ureter
- B.
Urethra
- C.
Kidneys
- D.
Urinary bladder
Correct Answer
D. Urinary bladderExplanation
The urinary bladder serves as a reservoir for urine. It is a hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis. When the kidneys filter waste material from the blood, urine is produced and stored in the bladder until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The bladder expands as it fills with urine and contracts when it is time to empty.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which organ serves as a passageway for urine to the outside of the body; and in the male conveys both urine and semen?
- A.
Kidneys
- B.
Urinary bladder
- C.
Ureter
- D.
Urethra
Correct Answer
D. UrethraExplanation
The urethra is the organ that serves as a passageway for urine to the outside of the body. In males, it also conveys semen. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood to produce urine, the urinary bladder stores urine, and the ureter transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder. However, only the urethra directly connects to the outside of the body and is responsible for the elimination of urine and semen.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The extraction of certain wastes from the blood stream, conversion of these materials to urine, and transport of urine from from the kidney via the ureters to the bladder for elimination is the function of what system?
- A.
Urinary
- B.
Digestion
- C.
Muscular
- D.
Skeletal
Correct Answer
A. UrinaryExplanation
The function described in the question, involving the extraction of wastes from the blood, conversion to urine, and transport to the bladder for elimination, is a clear indication of the urinary system. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, which work together to filter waste products from the blood, produce urine, and eliminate it from the body.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is the "notch" that allows the renal artery and vein, nerves and lymphatic vessels to enter and leave the kidney called?
- A.
Cortex
- B.
Nephron
- C.
Hilum
- D.
Medulla
Correct Answer
C. HilumExplanation
The "notch" that allows the renal artery and vein, nerves, and lymphatic vessels to enter and leave the kidney is called the hilum. The hilum is a concave area on the kidney's medial surface where these structures pass through. It is responsible for connecting the kidney to the rest of the urinary system and facilitating the flow of blood, nerves, and lymphatic vessels in and out of the organ.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The sac like collecting portion of the kidney is called?
- A.
Trigone
- B.
Urinary bladder
- C.
Renal pelvis
- D.
Apex
Correct Answer
C. Renal pelvisExplanation
The sac-like collecting portion of the kidney is called the renal pelvis. It is located at the top of the kidney and serves as a funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the kidney and transports it to the ureter. The renal pelvis is an important component of the urinary system and plays a crucial role in the excretion of waste products from the body.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The inner portion of the kidney is called the?
- A.
Nephron
- B.
Hilum
- C.
Cortex
- D.
Medulla
Correct Answer
D. MedullaExplanation
The inner portion of the kidney is called the medulla. The medulla is responsible for filtering and concentrating the urine produced by the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney. It is located deep within the kidney, surrounded by the cortex. The hilum, on the other hand, is a depression on the concave side of the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter or exit the organ. Therefore, the correct answer is medulla.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The outer layer of the kidney is called the?
- A.
Henle
- B.
Medulla
- C.
Hilum
- D.
Cortex
Correct Answer
D. CortexExplanation
The outer layer of the kidney is called the cortex. This is where the majority of the kidney's filtering and reabsorption processes occur. The cortex contains numerous nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering waste products and excess water from the blood. The cortex is also important for maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and regulating blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The structural and functional unit of the kidney are called?
- A.
Ureter
- B.
Nephrons
- C.
Apex
- D.
Trigone
Correct Answer
B. NepHronsExplanation
The correct answer is nephrons. Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney. They are responsible for filtering the blood, reabsorbing necessary substances, and excreting waste products to form urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which consist of a glomerulus, a tubule, and associated blood vessels. The nephrons play a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing metabolic waste from the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Each nephron consists of_______________ ____________ and a _____________?
- A.
Renal cortex and medulla
- B.
Renal corpuscal and tubule
- C.
Renal capsule and cortex
- D.
Renal vein and ureter
Correct Answer
B. Renal corpuscal and tubuleExplanation
The correct answer is "renal corpuscal and tubule". Each nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, consists of a renal corpuscle and a tubule. The renal corpuscle filters blood and consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The tubule then processes the filtered fluid, reabsorbing necessary substances and excreting waste products.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The malpighian corpuscle consists of _______________ and ______________ _______________?
- A.
Cortex and distal tuble
- B.
Glomerulus and Bowmans capsule
- C.
Hilum and collecting tuble
- D.
Medulla and renal artery
Correct Answer
B. Glomerulus and Bowmans capsuleExplanation
The malpighian corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood and the Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid. Together, they play a crucial role in the filtration of blood and formation of urine in the kidneys.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Urine is formed by the process of _____________ and ________________ in the nephron?
- A.
Collection, filtration
- B.
Filtration, reabsorption
- C.
Flow, discharge
Correct Answer
B. Filtration, reabsorptionExplanation
Urine is formed in the nephron through the process of filtration and reabsorption. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered to remove waste products and excess water. The filtrate then passes through the renal tubules, where reabsorption takes place. Reabsorption involves the selective reabsorption of water and essential substances back into the bloodstream, while waste products and excess substances are retained in the tubules to be excreted as urine. Therefore, the correct answer is filtration, reabsorption.Rate this question:
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- 14.
An average of_________________ to ____________________ mL of urine is voided daily
- A.
2000,2500
- B.
25, 165
- C.
500, 1500
- D.
1000, 1500
Correct Answer
D. 1000, 1500Explanation
The correct answer is 1000, 1500. This range suggests that on average, a person voids between 1000 to 1500 mL of urine daily.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Narrow muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder are called?
- A.
Hilum
- B.
Urethra
- C.
Ureters
- D.
Bladder
Correct Answer
C. UretersExplanation
The narrow muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder are called ureters. The ureters play a crucial role in the urinary system by carrying urine from the kidneys, where it is produced, to the bladder, where it is stored until it is expelled from the body. The ureters have smooth muscle tissue that contracts rhythmically to propel urine through the tubes.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A muscular membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine is called?
- A.
Urethra
- B.
Ureter
- C.
Kidney
- D.
Bladder
Correct Answer
D. BladderExplanation
The bladder is a muscular membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine. It is responsible for storing urine until it is ready to be expelled from the body through the urethra. The bladder expands as it fills with urine and contracts when it is time to release the urine. It is an essential organ in the urinary system and plays a crucial role in the elimination of waste from the body.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The external urinary opening is called?
- A.
Urinary meatus
- B.
Neck
- C.
Prostate
- D.
Uterus
Correct Answer
A. Urinary meatusExplanation
The external urinary opening is called the urinary meatus. This is the opening through which urine is expelled from the body. The term "meatus" refers to a passage or opening, and "urinary" refers to the urinary system or the process of excreting urine. Therefore, the term "urinary meatus" accurately describes the external opening of the urinary system.Rate this question:
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