Introduction To Viruses: Function And Structure! Trivia Quiz

NO. They are acellular. They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host's cell metabolic machinery. They possess DNA or RNA but never both.

Enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes by budding from the host cell membranes. During the budding process, the newly formed virus particles push through the host cell membrane, obtaining a portion of it as their envelope. This envelope is derived from the host cell's lipid bilayer, which surrounds and protects the viral genetic material. Therefore, it is correct to say that enveloped viruses get their envelopes from host cell membranes through the budding mechanism.

Mumps is indeed transmitted through airborne droplets from the coughs and sneezes of infected people. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, tiny droplets containing the mumps virus are released into the air. These droplets can then be inhaled by others nearby, leading to the spread of the virus. Therefore, it is important to take precautions such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and practicing good hygiene to prevent the transmission of mumps.

Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that consist of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, which carries the instructions for making new viruses. This genetic material is enclosed within a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an additional lipid envelope surrounding the capsid, derived from the host cell's membrane.



This structure allows viruses to enter host cells and hijack their cellular machinery to replicate and produce new virus particles. Viruses are not considered living organisms because they cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own and require a host cell to reproduce. They are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they rely entirely on host cells to replicate and propagate.

Never both. Either one or the other. they are totally depended on a host.

EBV, or Epstein-Barr virus, is commonly associated with symptoms such as inflamed throat (pharyngitis), fever, enlarged and tender lymph nodes, and extreme fatigue. These symptoms are often seen in individuals who have contracted EBV, making the statement "all of the above" the correct answer.

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to severe complications and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were an estimated 207,500 deaths globally from measles in 2019. This number may vary from year to year, but it is clear that measles continues to cause a significant number of deaths worldwide. Therefore, the statement that there are one million deaths every year from measles is true.

Viruses cannot be grown in synthetic culture media because they require living host cells to replicate. Unlike bacteria and fungi, viruses lack the cellular machinery needed for independent metabolism and reproduction. They must infect the cells of living organisms, such as plants, animals, or bacteria, to hijack the host's cellular machinery for their replication and propagation.

A complete and infectious virus particle is referred to as a "virion." A virion consists of the virus's genetic material, either DNA or RNA, enclosed within a protein coat called a capsid. It is the fully formed and functional form of a virus that is capable of infecting host cells and replicating itself. The term "virion" is often used to distinguish the complete infectious particle from other forms of the virus, such as viral components or particles that are not capable of causing infection on their own.

Approximately 20-35% of people with Hepatitis B eventually develop cirrhosis. This means that a significant proportion of individuals with Hepatitis B will experience scarring of the liver, which can lead to liver failure and other complications. It is important to note that not all individuals with Hepatitis B will develop cirrhosis, but this percentage represents the likelihood of it occurring in those affected by the virus.

The variola virus is responsible for causing smallpox, a severe and contagious disease characterized by fever, malaise, and a distinctive skin rash that progresses to pustules. Smallpox was a significant health threat for centuries, causing high mortality rates. However, through global vaccination efforts led by the World Health Organization, smallpox was eradicated in 1980, marking a significant achievement in public health history.

Infectious mononucleosis is commonly associated with EBV, which stands for Epstein-Barr virus. EBV is a member of the herpes virus family and is known to cause infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono or glandular fever. This viral infection is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen. EBV is transmitted through saliva, and it is most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults.

In 1980 all countries ceased routine vaccination

Burkitt's Lymphoma is a tumor that is most commonly found in equatorial Africa and is the most common childhood malignancy in that region. It is known for its characteristic location in the jaw.

Mumps is caused by a contagious virus known as paramyxovirus. This viral infection primarily affects the salivary glands, leading to swelling and inflammation. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets from an infected person, making it highly contagious. Mumps can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and swollen glands. Vaccination is available to prevent mumps, and the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is commonly administered to protect against this viral infection.

complication of mumps

This is a complication of mumps. Sterility is rare unless both testicles are involved. Meningitis/encephalitis, pancreatitis, and deafness are also complications

A virus is composed of two main components, its genome and proteins. The genome contains the genetic material of the virus, which can be either DNA or RNA. The proteins, on the other hand, play various roles in the virus's life cycle, such as facilitating entry into host cells, replicating the viral genome, and assembling new viral particles. Therefore, protein is the correct answer to complete the given statement.

Mycophages are viruses that specifically infect fungi. The term "myco" refers to fungi, while "phages" means to eat or devour. Therefore, mycophages are viruses that "devour" or infect fungi. This term is used to distinguish these viruses from other types of viruses that infect different organisms.

Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. They are composed of a protein coat that encapsulates their genetic material. Bacteriophages attach to the surface of bacteria and inject their genetic material into the host cell. Once inside, the phage takes control of the bacterial machinery to replicate its own genetic material and produce more phages. Eventually, the host cell is destroyed, releasing new phages to infect other bacteria. Bacteriophages have been extensively studied and have shown potential in various applications, such as bacterial control in medical and industrial settings.

Capsomeres are the individual protein subunits that come together to form the viral capsid. The capsid is the outer protein coat of a virus that protects the genetic material inside. Each capsomere is made up of multiple protein molecules that assemble in a precise pattern to create the overall structure of the capsid. These capsomeres can vary in size and shape depending on the type of virus. Understanding the composition and arrangement of capsomeres is important in studying the structure and function of viruses.

The first signs of measles infection include fever, an extremely runny nose, red runny eyes, and a cough. Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. The initial symptoms usually appear about 10-12 days after exposure to the virus and can be similar to those of a common cold or flu. However, the characteristic combination of fever, runny nose, red eyes, and cough can help differentiate measles from other respiratory illnesses. It is important to note that diarrhea is not typically associated with measles infection.

Koplik's spots are small white spots that appear in the mouth during a measles infection. They are typically found on a red bump and are a characteristic sign of measles. These spots are caused by the virus replicating in the cells of the mouth and are an important diagnostic feature for identifying measles.