Matter, Atoms, Elements Mid-term Prep Pre-quiz
- 1.
What is an atom?
- A.
The smallest part of an element that is a basic unit of matter
- B.
The unit measure of an element
- C.
Elements that make up molecules
- D.
Neutrons in the nucleus
Correct Answer
A. The smallest part of an element that is a basic unit of matterExplanation
An atom is defined as the smallest part of an element that is a basic unit of matter. It is the fundamental building block of all matter and consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Atoms combine to form molecules, which are made up of different elements. The other options in the question, such as "unit measure of an element" and "neutrons in the nucleus," do not accurately describe what an atom is.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Identify the statement that is correct about the number of protons and electrons in an atom:
- A.
The number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are always equal.
- B.
The number of protons is always greater than the number of electrons in an atom.
- C.
The number of protons is always less than the number of electrons in an atom.
- D.
The number of protons and electrons equals the mass of an atom.
Correct Answer
A. The number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are always equal.Explanation
The statement "The number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom are always equal" is correct. In an atom, the number of protons determines the element and its atomic number, while the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in order to maintain a neutral charge. This balance between protons and electrons is crucial for the stability of the atom.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is a valence electron?
- A.
Electrons in the outer cloud of an atom
- B.
A negatively charge ion
- C.
A positively charge ion
- D.
Ionically bonded electrons
Correct Answer
A. Electrons in the outer cloud of an atomExplanation
Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost energy level or electron cloud of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determine the reactivity and chemical properties of an element. They are the electrons that can be gained, lost, or shared during chemical reactions, and they play a crucial role in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In this diagram, the e- represents:
- A.
The e- represents the covalent Hydrogen electron bond in this Hydrogen molecule.
- B.
The pair of e- represents the double covalent Hydrogen electrons in the Hydrogen molecule.
- C.
The pair of e- represents the ionic Hydrogen electrons in this Hydrogen molecule.
- D.
The e- represents the single shared Hydrogen electron in this Hydrogen molecule.
Correct Answer
A. The e- represents the covalent Hydrogen electron bond in this Hydrogen molecule.Explanation
The correct answer is that the e- represents the covalent Hydrogen electron bond in this Hydrogen molecule. Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons, and in this case, the diagram shows a single line between the two hydrogen atoms, indicating a covalent bond. The e- symbol represents the electron that is being shared between the two hydrogen atoms in the bond.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Why are Hydrogen covalent bonds non-polar?
- A.
Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because electrons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.
- B.
Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because protons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.
- C.
Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because protons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are not shared uniformly. This means electrons do not spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.
- D.
Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because protons and electrons in the atom of identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons do not spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because electrons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center.Explanation
Hydrogen bonds are non-polar because electrons in the bonds between identical atoms (H-H) are shared uniformly. This means electrons spend equal amounts of time around each atomic center. This uniform sharing of electrons results in an equal distribution of charge, making the bond non-polar.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What is an ion?
- A.
An electrically charged particle (atom or molecule) whose charge is determined by the loss or gain of electrons.
- B.
An electrically charged particle (atom or molecule) whose charge is determined by the sharing of electrons.
- C.
An negatively charged particle (atom or molecule).
- D.
The electrically charged particles of Ca2+, Mg2+ presence in water.
Correct Answer
A. An electrically charged particle (atom or molecule) whose charge is determined by the loss or gain of electrons.Explanation
An ion is an electrically charged particle, either an atom or a molecule, that has a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. This means that ions can have a positive charge if they lose electrons or a negative charge if they gain electrons. The charge of an ion is determined by the number of electrons it has compared to its number of protons.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Ionic Bonding satisfies both atoms because.....
- A.
Ionic bonding is the trading or transfer of electrons from one atom to another that enables the atoms to have complete outer shells.
- B.
Ionic bonding removes weak electrons from one atom enabling another atom to have strong electronegativity in its outer shell.
- C.
Ionic bonding enables one atom to release an electron and vacate its outer shell.
- D.
Ionic bonding is the sharing of electrons of atoms that enable the atoms to have complete outer shells.
Correct Answer
A. Ionic bonding is the trading or transfer of electrons from one atom to another that enables the atoms to have complete outer shells.Explanation
Ionic bonding is the process in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in both atoms having complete outer shells. This satisfies both atoms because having a complete outer shell makes them more stable and energetically favorable. By transferring electrons, one atom gains a positive charge (cation) while the other gains a negative charge (anion), creating an electrostatic attraction between them. This attraction holds the ions together, forming an ionic bond. Overall, ionic bonding allows atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration and fulfill the octet rule.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What makes valence electrons different from other electrons?
- A.
Being in the outer shell, valance electrons can be shared or transferred (removed from or attached to) other atoms.
- B.
Being in one of an atom's core shells, valance electrons are shared or transferred (removed from or attached to) within an atom.
- C.
A valence electron is ionic and can be a cation or an anion.
- D.
A valence electron determines the electronegativity of an atom.
Correct Answer
A. Being in the outer shell, valance electrons can be shared or transferred (removed from or attached to) other atoms.Explanation
Valence electrons are different from other electrons because they are located in the outermost shell of an atom. This outer shell is involved in chemical bonding and interactions with other atoms. Valence electrons have the ability to be shared or transferred to other atoms, which allows for the formation of chemical bonds. This characteristic distinguishes valence electrons from electrons in the core shells, which are involved in the stability and structure of the atom itself.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What is an atom's atomic number?
- A.
An atom's atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- B.
An atom's atomic number is the number of the protons and neutrons of the atom.
- C.
An atom's atomic number is the number of valence electrons.
- D.
An atom's atomic number is the atom's electronegativity.
Correct Answer
A. An atom's atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.Explanation
The atomic number of an atom refers to the number of protons in its nucleus. Protons are positively charged particles and are one of the fundamental components of an atom. The atomic number determines the identity of an element since each element has a unique number of protons. For example, carbon has an atomic number of 6, which means it has 6 protons in its nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is that an atom's atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Choose the statement that best explains:Why do hydrogen atoms usually exist as molecules, H2?
- A.
Hydrogen has an atomic number of one and is unsatisfied when the outermost orbital is unfilled. A hydrogen molecule of two hydrogen atoms is more stable than two individual hydrogen atoms
- B.
Hydrogen has an atomic number of two and does not need to share
- C.
Hydrogen usually combines with other atoms to form covalent bonds
- D.
Hydrogen has one proton and is in search of one neutron
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen has an atomic number of one and is unsatisfied when the outermost orbital is unfilled. A hydrogen molecule of two hydrogen atoms is more stable than two individual hydrogen atomsExplanation
Hydrogen atoms usually exist as molecules, H2, because hydrogen has an atomic number of one and is unsatisfied when the outermost orbital is unfilled. A hydrogen molecule, consisting of two hydrogen atoms, is more stable than two individual hydrogen atoms.Rate this question:
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- 11.
How are covalent and ionic bonds different?
- A.
Covalent bonds share electrons in the valence. Ionic bonds are formed when one atom loses an electron and it becomes a positive ion and the atom that gains the electron becomes a negatively charged ion because it has gained an electron.
- B.
Covalent bonds are formed when one atom loses an electron and it becomes a positive ion and the atom that gains the electron becomes a negatively charged ion because it has gained an electron. Ionic bonds share electrons in the valence.
- C.
Covalent bonds have a neutral electronegativity. Ionic bonds create anions.
- D.
Covalent bonds make new elements. Ionic bonds create cations and anions.
Correct Answer
A. Covalent bonds share electrons in the valence. Ionic bonds are formed when one atom loses an electron and it becomes a positive ion and the atom that gains the electron becomes a negatively charged ion because it has gained an electron.Explanation
Covalent bonds and ionic bonds are different in terms of electron sharing and electron transfer. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons in their valence shells, resulting in a stable electron configuration for both atoms. On the other hand, ionic bonds are formed when one atom completely loses an electron, becoming a positively charged ion, while another atom gains the electron, becoming a negatively charged ion. This transfer of electrons creates a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions, forming an ionic bond.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which is the correct explanation for how table salt, Na+Cl-, ionically bonds?
- A.
The strong electron attraction that causes the pairing of a loss and a gain is the ionic bond. Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons with 1 valance electron. Chlorine (Cl) has 17 electrons with 7 in its valence outer orbit. If Sodium looses its valance electron, its next shell will be full (with 8 electrons). That would make Sodium a positive ion. If Chlorine gains that 1 valance electron, its shell would be full with a maximum of 8 electrons, and it would then be a negative ion.
- B.
The uneven electron attraction that causes the pairing of a loss and a gain is the ionic bond. Sodium (Na) has 17 electrons with 7 in its outer orbit. Chlorine has 11 electrons with 1 valance electron. If Sodium gains one electron it fills it’s valance and is a negative ion. If Chlorine looses 1 electron to Sodium, its next shell is full with 8 electrons and it becomes a positive ion.
- C.
The attraction balance of electrons causes ionic bonding. Sodium (Na) has 8 electrons with 6 in its outer orbit. Chlorine has 12 electrons with 2 in its outer orbit. If Sodium gains two electrons it fills it’s valance and is a negative ion. If Chlorine looses 2 electrons to Sodium, it's next shell is full with 8 electrons and becomes a positive ion.
- D.
An ionic bond occurs whenever an atom with s low electronegativity pairs with an atom of a higher electronegativity. Sodium has a strong electronegativity and Chlorine does not, so they can form an ionic bond.
Correct Answer
A. The strong electron attraction that causes the pairing of a loss and a gain is the ionic bond. Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons with 1 valance electron. Chlorine (Cl) has 17 electrons with 7 in its valence outer orbit. If Sodium looses its valance electron, its next shell will be full (with 8 electrons). That would make Sodium a positive ion. If Chlorine gains that 1 valance electron, its shell would be full with a maximum of 8 electrons, and it would then be a negative ion. -
- 13.
Choose the term that best completes the statement:The term ____________ is applied to any substance that cannot be made simpler without changing its chemical make-up.
- A.
Element
- B.
Atom
- C.
Molecule
- D.
Substance
Correct Answer
A. ElementExplanation
An element is a term that best completes the statement because it refers to a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Elements are made up of only one type of atom and cannot be further simplified without changing their chemical composition.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What is matter?
- A.
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
- B.
Anything that has density and occupies space.
- C.
Anything that has volume and takes up space.
- D.
Anything that has electrons and takes up space.
Correct Answer
A. Anything that has mass and occupies space.Explanation
The correct answer is "Anything that has mass and occupies space." This definition accurately describes matter as it encompasses both the physical properties of mass and space. Matter refers to any substance or material that exists in the universe, including both solid, liquid, and gas forms. The presence of mass implies that matter has weight and can be affected by gravity, while occupying space means that matter takes up a certain amount of physical volume. Therefore, this answer provides a comprehensive explanation of what matter is.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is a chemical bond?
- A.
A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together.
- B.
A chemical bond is the nucleus energy level that holds atoms together.
- C.
A chemical bond is the exchange of valence electrons.
- D.
A chemical bond is the pairing and sharing of electrons.
Correct Answer
A. A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together.Explanation
A chemical bond refers to the force that holds atoms together. This force is formed through the attraction between the positively charged nucleus of one atom and the negatively charged electrons of another atom. It is this bond that allows atoms to form molecules and compounds, as it keeps the atoms in close proximity and allows them to share or transfer electrons. This definition accurately describes the concept of a chemical bond.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is an atomic energy level?
- A.
The area around the nucleus in which electrons of the same energy are found. The lowest-energy electrons are in the energy level near the nucleus that can hold only 2 electrons. Higher-energy electrons are in a larger energy level farther from the nucleus. These energy levels can hold 8 or more electrons.
- B.
The area around the nucleus in which electrons of the different energies are found. The lowest-energy electrons are in the energy level near the nucleus that can hold only 2 electrons. Higher-energy electrons are in a larger energy level farther from the nucleus. These energy levels can hold 8 or more electrons.
- C.
The area around the nucleus in which electrons of the same energy are found. The highest-energy electrons are in the energy level near the nucleus that can hold only 2 electrons. lower-energy electrons are in a larger energy level farther from the nucleus. These energy levels can hold 8 or more electrons.
- D.
The area around the nucleus in which electrons of the same energy are found. The highest-energy electrons are in the energy level near the nucleus that hold 8 electrons. Lower-energy electrons are in a larger energy level farther from the nucleus. These energy levels can hold 2 electrons.
Correct Answer
A. The area around the nucleus in which electrons of the same energy are found. The lowest-energy electrons are in the energy level near the nucleus that can hold only 2 electrons. Higher-energy electrons are in a larger energy level farther from the nucleus. These energy levels can hold 8 or more electrons.Explanation
An atomic energy level refers to the area around the nucleus where electrons with the same energy are located. The lowest-energy electrons occupy the energy level closest to the nucleus, which can only hold 2 electrons. On the other hand, higher-energy electrons are found in a larger energy level that is farther from the nucleus. These energy levels have the capacity to hold 8 or more electrons.Rate this question:
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- 17.
This diagram represents H2. What does the H2 symbol mean?
- A.
The H2 symbol represents two atoms of Hydrogen.
- B.
The H2 symbol represents a Hydrogen atom.
- C.
The H2 symbol represents a water molecule.
- D.
The H2 symbol represents an ionic bond.
Correct Answer
A. The H2 symbol represents two atoms of Hydrogen.Explanation
The H2 symbol represents two atoms of Hydrogen. In chemistry, the symbol H represents Hydrogen, and the subscript 2 indicates that there are two atoms of Hydrogen present. This is because Hydrogen typically exists as a diatomic molecule, meaning it naturally occurs in pairs. Therefore, the H2 symbol is used to represent this molecular form of Hydrogen.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Ionic bonding allows atoms to have complete outer shells by:
- A.
Ionic bonding allow atoms to have complete outer shells by transferring electrons. Ionic bonding is when one or more electrons are removed from one atom and gained and attached to another atom. This results in positive and negative ions that attract each other.
- B.
Ionic bonding allow atoms to have complete outer shells by sharing electrons. Ionic bonding is when one or more electrons are shared from one atom with another atom. This results in a shared valence.
- C.
Ionic bonding is a chemical compound formed by the joining of two or more atoms.
- D.
An ionic bond forms a stable compound through the sharing and transfer of valence electrons.
Correct Answer
A. Ionic bonding allow atoms to have complete outer shells by transferring electrons. Ionic bonding is when one or more electrons are removed from one atom and gained and attached to another atom. This results in positive and negative ions that attract each other.Explanation
Ionic bonding allows atoms to have complete outer shells by transferring electrons. This occurs when one or more electrons are removed from one atom and gained and attached to another atom. This process results in the formation of positive and negative ions, which are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The number of _______________ determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.
- A.
The number of protons determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.
- B.
The number of neutrons determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.
- C.
The number of protons and electrons determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.
- D.
The number of electrons determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.
Correct Answer
A. The number of protons determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.Explanation
The number of protons in an atom, also known as the atomic number, determines what element it is. Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus. Additionally, the number of protons also plays a significant role in determining the chemical behavior of an element. The number of protons determines the element's position in the periodic table, its atomic size, and its ability to form chemical bonds. Therefore, the correct answer is that the number of protons determines what element it is and its chemical behavior.Rate this question:
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- 20.
An electron dot diagram shows the chemical symbol and the_______
- A.
An electron dot diagram shows the number of valence electrons in an atom.
- B.
An electron dot diagram shows the total number of electrons in an atom.
- C.
An electron dot diagram shows the energy levels of the electrons in an atom.
- D.
An electron dot diagram shows the bonding electrons in an atom.
Correct Answer
A. An electron dot diagram shows the number of valence electrons in an atom.Explanation
An electron dot diagram is a representation of an atom where the chemical symbol is accompanied by dots that represent the valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom and are responsible for the atom's chemical behavior and reactivity. Therefore, an electron dot diagram shows the number of valence electrons in an atom, providing valuable information about its bonding capabilities and potential interactions with other atoms.Rate this question:
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