Module 3 ,4,5 & 6

Test coverage is indeed an activity for test development. It refers to the extent to which the source code of a program has been tested. It helps in determining the effectiveness of the testing process by identifying areas that have not been tested yet. Test coverage ensures that all the critical parts of the code are exercised during testing, increasing the confidence in the quality of the software. Therefore, the statement "Test Coverage is an activity for test development" is true.

Coverage is a measure used to determine the extent to which a specific aspect or requirement has been tested or addressed. It is not a method or a test itself, but rather a way to quantify the completeness of testing. In this context, condition and scenario are types of coverage that can be measured. Therefore, the correct answer is coverage.

A decision table is typically divided into four quadrants.

Transitional data refers to the data that is temporarily created and used within a program during the processing of input data. This data is not stored or persisted beyond the program's execution and is specific to the current processing task. It is used to perform calculations, transformations, or other operations on the input data to generate desired outputs. Once the processing is complete, transitional data is no longer needed and is discarded. This type of data helps in facilitating the smooth flow and manipulation of input data within the program.

When deleting data, it is necessary to delete secondary data first and then delete primary data. This is because secondary data is derived from primary data and deleting primary data first could result in the loss or corruption of secondary data. Therefore, deleting secondary data before primary data ensures the integrity and consistency of the data.

Test management tools are designed to facilitate the management and organization of testing activities. These tools can be integrated with third-party tools to enhance their functionality and provide a seamless testing experience. Integration with third-party tools allows for the seamless exchange of information, data synchronization, and automation of tasks between different tools used in the testing process. This integration can improve efficiency, collaboration, and overall effectiveness of the testing process. Therefore, the statement "Test management Tool can be integrated with Third party Tool" is true.

The client will take the decision to go for User Acceptance Testing (UAT). UAT is the final phase of testing where the end-users test the software to ensure that it meets their requirements and is ready for deployment. As the client is the ultimate user or the representative of the end-users, they have the authority to decide when the software is ready for UAT. The Dev Manager may be involved in the decision-making process, but the final decision lies with the client. The tester's role is to execute the UAT based on the client's decision.

Test Strategy defines the overall approach to testing and describes how the testing process will ensure that the solution has the appropriate level of quality and reliability. It outlines the scope, objectives, and priorities of the testing activities, as well as the test techniques, tools, and resources to be used. The Test Strategy also addresses the risks and constraints associated with testing and provides a roadmap for the entire testing process.

Stakeholders are able to validate the approach and correct it if they foresee an issue because they have a vested interest in the project's success. As individuals or groups who are affected by the project or have a stake in its outcome, stakeholders have the authority and perspective to review and provide feedback on the approach. They can identify potential problems or risks and suggest changes or improvements to ensure the project's success.

Test execution is the process of running a series of test cases as defined in the test plan to validate if the application meets the requirements. It involves actually executing the test cases and observing the results to determine if the application functions correctly and meets the expected outcomes. Test execution is a critical phase in the testing process as it helps to identify any defects or issues in the application and ensures that it is functioning as expected.

The impact of the defect in the software is not called priority. Priority refers to the importance or urgency assigned to a defect, while the impact refers to the extent of the effect or consequences of the defect. Therefore, the statement is false.

The given explanation is not clear or complete. It seems to be describing the steps to open the account statement page and click on the account number in the account summary. However, it does not explain why this is considered a positive flow. Without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact reason for the positive flow designation.

The correct answer is "Roles and Responsibilities" because a RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed) plan is a tool used to define and communicate the roles and responsibilities of team members in a project or process. It helps to clarify who is responsible for completing specific tasks, who needs to be consulted or informed, and who is ultimately accountable for the overall success of the project. Including the RACI plan in the test strategy ensures that everyone involved understands their roles and responsibilities, which is crucial for effective project management and communication.

The Test summary report is the document that provides a comprehensive overview of the testing activities conducted during a project. It includes information about the test objectives, test coverage, test results, and any issues or risks identified during testing. The Go / No Go decision is typically made based on the information provided in the test summary report, as it gives a clear picture of the quality and readiness of the system under test. The decision to proceed with the next phase or release of the project depends on the outcomes and recommendations mentioned in the test summary report.

Test Closure is the process of formally ending the testing phase. It involves activities such as finalizing test deliverables, documenting lessons learned, conducting test closure meetings, and obtaining sign-off from stakeholders. In the context of the question, test closure is necessary to validate if all the agreed activities within the scope of testing have been completed successfully as per the test plan. It ensures that all test activities have been executed, defects have been logged and resolved, and the testing objectives have been met.

Project closure is the correct answer because it refers to the activity of checking whether all the project-related activities, from initiation to release or implementation, have been completed for a specific project. This includes ensuring that all deliverables have been met, all documentation is in order, and all necessary approvals and sign-offs have been obtained. Project closure signifies the end of the project and ensures that all loose ends are tied up before the project is officially closed.

If the Build Verification Test is passed with the desired results, the testing team will proceed with Test Execution. This means that they will actually run the tests on the build to check its functionality and performance. Test Execution is an essential step in the testing process as it helps identify any defects or issues in the build. Once the tests are executed and the results are obtained, the testing team can analyze the results and make decisions on further actions, such as bug fixes or retesting.

Defects are reported to the developer because they are responsible for fixing the issues found during testing. The developer is the one who created the software or application, so they have the knowledge and expertise to address and resolve any defects or bugs. By reporting the defects directly to the developer, it ensures that they are aware of the issues and can take the necessary steps to fix them in a timely manner. This helps to improve the quality and functionality of the software before it is released to the client or end-users.

The correct answer is "Test Pass Percentage" because it is the measure of the number of test cases that have passed out of the total number of test cases executed. It provides an indication of the success rate of the testing process and helps in assessing the quality of the software being tested. A higher test pass percentage indicates a higher level of confidence in the software's functionality and reliability.

The correct answer is "Claims at every level." When a change is made to the approval process in the release, it is important to ensure that the change does not impact the functionality of the system at any level. Therefore, regression testing should be conducted at every level of the approval process to verify that all approvals are functioning correctly and that the change has not introduced any issues.

Test Criteria removes the ambiguity in terms of when a testing can start and when it is considered complete. It provides specific guidelines and requirements that need to be met before testing can begin and defines the conditions that must be fulfilled for testing to be considered finished. Test Criteria helps ensure that testing is conducted in a systematic and controlled manner, improving the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the testing process.

Use cases can be performed to test business scenarios. Use cases are a way to describe interactions between users and a system, and they outline specific steps and conditions that need to be followed to achieve a particular goal. By testing use cases, we can ensure that the system is functioning correctly in real-world scenarios and meeting the requirements of the business. This type of testing helps to validate the system's functionality, usability, and overall performance in different business scenarios.

Cosmetic errors, documentation issues, and requests for information or advice are considered to have a low severity. This means that they have a relatively minor impact on the overall functioning or performance of a system. While these issues may still need to be addressed, they are not urgent or critical in nature.

Test data is the information that is used as input for executing test cases. It includes both valid and invalid data, as well as boundary values. Test data preparation involves identifying and creating the necessary data to support the test conditions and test cases. This ensures that the system under test is thoroughly tested and all possible scenarios are covered. Therefore, test data is the correct answer as it directly relates to the preparation required for supporting the test conditions and test cases.

Equivalence partitioning is a black box testing technique that is appropriate to all levels of testing. This technique involves dividing the input data into different equivalence classes or partitions, where each partition represents a unique behavior or outcome. By selecting representative test cases from each partition, it is possible to ensure that the system is tested thoroughly without testing every possible input combination. This technique is applicable to unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, making it suitable for testing at all levels of the software development lifecycle.

The timing for sending the 'End of test' report depends on the specific test plan that has been established. The test plan outlines the objectives, scope, and schedule for the testing process. It may specify when the report should be sent, such as at the end of each test cycle or at specific milestones. Therefore, the timing for sending the report is not fixed and can vary depending on the test plan in place.

The main purpose of a Master Test Plan is to communicate how testing will be performed. This document outlines the overall testing approach, strategies, and methodologies that will be used throughout the testing process. It helps to establish a common understanding among stakeholders about the testing activities and provides guidelines for the testing team to follow. The Master Test Plan also defines the scope of testing, identifies the test deliverables, and outlines the roles and responsibilities of the testing team members. Overall, it serves as a roadmap for the testing process and ensures that everyone involved is on the same page regarding the testing objectives and approach.

The given correct answer is "Medium" because a non-critical incident that affects only a single user and has a workaround implies that the incident is not severe enough to completely halt the service but still has a significant impact on the user's experience. Therefore, it falls in the middle range of importance, indicating that it requires attention and resolution, but it is not as urgent as a showstopper or high priority incident.

The correct answer is "Test case point" because test case point estimation is a widely used technique for estimating the overall effort required for testing a project. It takes into account factors such as complexity, size, and functionality of the project to determine the number of test cases needed and the effort required to execute them. This estimation technique helps in planning and allocating resources effectively for testing activities.

Output data refers to all the data that a system produces or generates as a result of processing input data and events. This can include reports, calculations, summaries, or any other information that is produced by the system. Output data is typically used to provide information to users or other systems, and it can be in various formats such as text, tables, graphs, or charts. It is an essential component of the system's functionality as it allows users to understand and utilize the processed information effectively.

The test environment is similar to the production environment in terms of the types of data being used, the volume of the database, the levels of users accessing the system, and the database setup. This means that the test environment accurately reflects the conditions and characteristics of the production environment, allowing for more accurate and reliable testing of the system.

The correct answer is "Test Procedure Specification" because it is the specification that describes the steps required to operate the system and exercise test cases in order to implement the associated test design. The other options, such as "Test Case Specification" and "None," do not accurately describe this specific specification.

The correct answer is 1.C, 2.B, 3.B, 4.A. In this matching exercise, the severity of different defects is being categorized. According to the descriptions provided, a non-critical incident affecting a single user and the ability to provide the best service is considered to be of medium severity (C). Part of a system or key business process being unusable or not meeting the needs of the business, with a work around available, is considered to be of high severity (B). Corruption or loss of data that is immediately recoverable and allows the business to continue is also considered to be of high severity (B). Lastly, corruption or loss of data that is not immediately recoverable and prevents business continuity is regarded as critical or a showstopper (A).

Boundary value analysis is a testing technique that focuses on testing the boundaries or limits of input values. It is used to identify errors or defects that occur at the extreme ends of the input range. Stress testing, on the other hand, is a testing technique that evaluates the system's behavior under extreme conditions, such as high loads or limited resources. Negative testing involves testing the system's ability to handle invalid or unexpected inputs. Both stress testing and negative testing involve testing the system under extreme conditions, which aligns with the concept of boundary value analysis. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both a and b."

The term "master" refers to a comprehensive or complete set of data. In this context, the user is using a list of countries from selected modules, which suggests that the data is a complete and authoritative collection of countries. It is likely a reference or source for other data sets or processes.

Impact analysis is a technique used to assess the potential effects of a change to a system. It helps determine the areas of the system that may be affected by the change and allows for the identification of potential risks and required testing efforts. Therefore, the correct answer is that impact analysis assesses the effect of a change to the system to determine how much regression testing needs to be performed.

The test summary report is prepared after the completion of the test closure. Test closure is the final phase of the testing process where all the activities related to testing are formally closed. It includes activities like finalizing test deliverables, documenting lessons learned, and conducting a final review of the testing process. The test summary report summarizes the overall testing activities, including the test objectives, test results, and any issues or risks identified during the testing process. Therefore, it makes sense that the test summary report is prepared after the completion of the test closure.

A test management tool is a software used to plan and execute testing activities. It helps in capturing requirements, creating and managing test cases, tracking and managing defects, collecting metrics, and analyzing reports. It provides a centralized platform for test teams to collaborate, track progress, and ensure efficient test execution. Test management tools are essential for organizing and streamlining the testing process, improving productivity, and ensuring the quality of the software being tested.

The correct answer is Primary and Secondary Data. When wanting to insert data, the first step is to insert primary data, which is the raw and original data collected for a specific purpose. Once the primary data is inserted, the next step is to insert secondary data, which is data that has been collected and processed by someone else for a different purpose. This combination of primary and secondary data allows for a comprehensive and well-rounded dataset.

Effort estimation and resource planning are the factors based on which the schedule is planned. In order to plan the schedule for a project, it is important to estimate the effort required for each task and allocate the necessary resources accordingly. Effort estimation involves determining the amount of time and resources needed to complete each task, while resource planning involves identifying and assigning the appropriate resources to each task. By considering these factors, a realistic and achievable schedule can be created for the project.

When logging a defect, it is important to consider capturing a screenshot of the defect to provide visual evidence of the issue. The defect status should also be recorded to track its progress and resolution. The test data used to identify the defect is crucial for reproducing and analyzing the issue. The version of the build in which the defect is identified helps in identifying if it is a recurring issue or specific to a particular version. Lastly, the test environment details in which the defect occurred provide context and help in replicating the issue.

In the Test Strategy, metrics and statistics are used to measure and report the factors to the stakeholders during the testing process. These metrics and statistics provide valuable information about the progress, quality, and effectiveness of the testing activities. They help in identifying any issues or bottlenecks in the testing process and enable stakeholders to make informed decisions. The frequency of reporting these metrics and statistics is also determined as a part of the Test Strategy to ensure timely communication and transparency with the stakeholders.

A backward traceability matrix is used to trace requirement IDs against corresponding test scenarios. It helps in identifying which test scenarios are covering specific requirements. This matrix allows for easy tracking and verification of the test coverage for each requirement. By using a backward traceability matrix, testers can ensure that all requirements are adequately tested and that no requirements are missed.

The explanation for the correct answer, "Environment Setup," is that this role is responsible for determining the access level required for testers in each test environment. This includes setting up the necessary resources, configurations, and permissions to ensure that testers can effectively carry out their testing activities. The environment setup team ensures that testers have the appropriate access rights to perform their tasks without compromising the security or stability of the test environment.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement is incorrect. In reality, the roles of the various stakeholders are defined in the test strategy, not the test plan. The test plan outlines the overall approach and objectives of the testing process, while the test strategy defines the specific activities, responsibilities, and resources required to achieve those objectives. Therefore, the roles of the stakeholders are determined in the test strategy, not the test plan.

Boundary value analysis is a technique used in software testing to identify the minimum and maximum values at the boundaries of input domains. This technique is commonly used in stress testing, where the system is tested under extreme conditions to evaluate its performance and stability. It is also used in negative testing, where invalid or unexpected inputs are tested to ensure that the system handles them correctly. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both a and b" as boundary value analysis is a part of both stress testing and negative testing.

The process of test execution involves defect triaging. This is the step where identified defects are prioritized and assigned to the respective team members for resolution. Defect triaging helps in determining the severity and impact of each defect, allowing the team to focus on resolving critical issues first. It ensures that defects are properly managed and resolved in a timely manner, leading to a more efficient testing process.

Regression testing is a type of testing that ensures that previously developed and tested software still performs correctly after changes or enhancements have been made. In order to perform regression testing effectively, tools like record/playback can be used. These tools allow testers to record a series of actions or test scenarios and then play them back to ensure that the software still functions as expected. This helps in automating the testing process and saves time and effort. Therefore, the correct answer for the type of tools to be used for regression testing is B. Record/Playback.

The test strategy is significant because it outlines the approach and objectives of the testing process. It provides an overall context for the testing activities, including the scope, resources, and timelines. The test strategy helps in aligning the testing efforts with the project goals and ensures that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of the testing approach. It serves as a guide for the test team and helps in making informed decisions throughout the testing process.

A communication plan is a plan that determines how, when, and what to report to various stakeholders of the project during the course of testing. It outlines the communication channels, frequency of communication, and the information that needs to be shared with the stakeholders. This plan ensures that all stakeholders are kept informed about the progress, issues, and risks related to the testing phase of the project. It helps in maintaining transparency, managing expectations, and facilitating effective communication between the project team and the stakeholders.

Pre-conditions and post-conditions cannot be directly converted into test cases because they are statements that define the state of the system before and after a particular function or method is executed. Test cases, on the other hand, are specific inputs and expected outputs that are used to verify the behavior of the system. While pre-conditions and post-conditions are important for defining the expected behavior of a function, they do not provide the specific inputs and outputs needed for testing. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that they can be converted into test cases.

Test Planning is the correct answer because it involves the process of defining the approach and activities required to ensure the quality of the software being developed or tested. It includes identifying the test objectives, test deliverables, test schedule, and test resources. Test planning also involves defining the metrics and statistics that will be used to measure the effectiveness of the testing process. These metrics and statistics provide quantitative data that can be used to evaluate the success of the testing effort and identify areas for improvement.

The correct answer is "Staffing" because it refers to the identification of the individuals who will be responsible for performing the roles mentioned in the test strategy. This involves determining the necessary skills and resources required for the successful execution of the testing process. Staffing ensures that the right people are assigned to the appropriate roles and responsibilities, which is crucial for effective test planning and execution.

The term "test approach" refers to the overall strategy or plan that outlines how testing will be conducted. It includes the methods, techniques, and tools that will be used, as well as the resources and timeline for testing. The test approach provides a high-level view of the testing process and helps to ensure that all necessary types of testing are included and that they are conducted in a logical and efficient manner. It also helps to establish clear objectives and expectations for the testing effort.

A test plan contains the critical information used to execute the project for the defined strategy. It outlines the objectives, scope, approach, resources, and schedule for testing activities. It provides a roadmap for how the testing will be conducted and ensures that all necessary tasks and activities are planned and executed effectively. It also helps in identifying the risks and issues that may arise during the testing process and provides mitigation strategies. Therefore, a test plan is essential for executing the project according to the defined strategy.

Testing of an application in the developer's environment is not recommended because it allows both developers and testers to have access to the code, which can lead to potential conflicts and issues. Additionally, the behavior of the application may be unstable if developers are making changes to the code while testers are trying to test it. There may also be overlapping of data by various teams, causing confusion and errors. Furthermore, developers may have used stimulated programs during coding that may not accurately reflect the real-world usage of the application.

Before defining the testing process for an application/system, it is important to understand the business needs for its evolution. This means that the requirements and goals of the business should be thoroughly understood in order to align the testing process with those needs. The business needs will determine the specific objectives and criteria for testing, ensuring that it is focused on meeting the desired outcomes for the application/system.

During the test planning phase, the exit criteria are determined. Exit criteria are the conditions or requirements that must be met for the testing phase to be considered complete and for the project to move forward. These criteria are agreed upon by the project stakeholders and are used to evaluate whether the testing objectives have been achieved. Therefore, test planning is the correct answer as it is the phase where the exit criteria are determined.

The correct answer is 1899,1900,2004,2005. This answer includes the minimum and maximum boundary values for the input field (1900 and 2004), as well as values that are just outside of the acceptable range (1899 and 2005). By including these values in the test cases, we can ensure that the input field properly handles both the lower and upper limits of the allowed range.

The given correct answer is "Test Planning". Test planning is an essential step in any project as it helps in estimating the risks involved in the project. By planning the testing activities, the team can identify potential risks and develop mitigation steps to address them. Test planning involves defining the scope, objectives, deliverables, and timelines for testing. It also includes identifying the resources required, creating a test schedule, and determining the test approach. Through proper test planning, the team can ensure that the project is adequately tested and any risks are minimized or mitigated.

To launch a project, it is necessary to have test data availability, existing test cases, and test scenarios. However, the requirement is not necessary to perform as it is already assumed that the project is being launched, which implies that there must be a requirement in place. The requirement is the basis for the project and is typically established before the launch. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform as it is already assumed to be present.

Test cases derived from use cases are most useful in uncovering defects in the process flows during real-world use of the system. This is because use cases represent real-life scenarios and interactions with the system, which helps in identifying potential issues and flaws in the system's functionality and behavior. By testing the system with test cases derived from use cases, it becomes easier to simulate real-world conditions and uncover any defects or issues that may arise during actual usage.

The priority of a defect is determined by several factors. The severity of the defect is one of the main factors considered. A high severity defect that affects the functionality or usability of the system will be given higher priority. The capacity management of the development team is also taken into account. If the team has limited resources or is already working on high-priority tasks, the defect may be assigned a lower priority. The time required to fix the defect is another factor. If it can be fixed quickly, it may be given a lower priority. Lastly, the impact of fixing one defect on other defects is considered. If fixing one defect will lead to the discovery or resolution of other defects, it may be given higher priority.

In order to set up a test environment that accurately reflects the production environment, it is important to consider various factors. One of the key aspects is the database set up, which includes ensuring that the structure and configuration of the test database closely resemble the production database. Additionally, the levels of users defined and the number of users defined for each level should be replicated in the test environment to accurately simulate the user interactions in the production environment. Furthermore, the volume of data in the database should also be similar to the production environment to test the system's performance and scalability. Therefore, all of these factors are crucial in setting up a test environment that closely resembles the production environment.

Use Cases are a text-based method of describing and documenting complex processes. They provide a detailed description of how a system should behave in different scenarios or situations. Use Cases typically include information about the actors involved, the steps or actions that need to be performed, and the expected outcomes. They are commonly used in software development to capture and communicate the functional requirements of a system. Test Scenarios and Test Cases, on the other hand, are used in software testing to define the conditions and steps for testing specific features or functionality. Therefore, Use Cases are the most appropriate answer in this context.

The correct answer is "Identification of regression test cases" and "Test data preparation". These two options are not a part of test development. Test development involves creating test scenarios and preparing test data, but it does not include identifying regression test cases or preparing test data. Regression test cases are typically identified during the testing phase, not during the development of the test. Similarly, test data preparation is part of the testing process, not the development of the test itself.

The correct answer is CUSTOMER, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING TEAMS. In order to develop a build in the respective environment, the methodology needs to be approved by the customer, development team, and testing teams. This ensures that all stakeholders are involved in the decision-making process and that the build meets the requirements and standards set by the customer.

The deliverables provided as a part of Test Automation include the Feasibility Document and Test Scripts. The Feasibility Document outlines the feasibility of automating the testing process and identifies the scope, benefits, and risks associated with automation. Test Scripts, on the other hand, are the instructions or code that automate the execution of test cases. These scripts are written to simulate user actions and interactions with the software being tested. Together, these deliverables help ensure the successful implementation of test automation and efficient testing of the software.

System integration testing should be done after unit testing because unit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of the system to ensure that they function correctly in isolation. Once the individual units have been tested and verified, system integration testing is performed to test the integration and interaction between these units. This ensures that the units work together as intended and that any issues or bugs arising from their integration can be identified and resolved before moving on to testing the system as a whole.

The Test Incident Report summarizes the testing activities associated with one or more test design specifications. It provides detailed information about any incidents or issues encountered during the testing process, including the steps taken to reproduce the issue, the impact on the system, and any corrective actions taken. The Test Incident Report helps in tracking and managing the resolution of these incidents, ensuring that all identified issues are addressed before the software is released.