Chapter 10: Relevance Of Culture And Values For Community/Public Health Nursing
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- 1.
1. Which of the following statistics related to diversity in the United States is accurate?
- A.
A. One per five people belongs to an ethnic or racial minority.
- B.
B. One per three people identifies with an ethnic or racial minority.
- C.
C. The percentage of people identifying with a minority group is decreasing.
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D. The percentage of people identifying with a minority culture has become the majority.
Correct Answer
B. B. One per three people identifies with an ethnic or racial minority. -
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2. Which of the following groups is the largest ethnic minority in the United States?
- A.
A. African Americans
- B.
B. Asian immigrants
- C.
C. Hispanics
- D.
D. American Indians/Alaskan natives
Correct Answer
C. C. HispanicsExplanation
Hispanics are the largest ethnic minority in the United States. This is because Hispanics make up a significant portion of the population, with a large number of immigrants from countries such as Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. The Hispanic population has been steadily growing in the US, contributing to their status as the largest ethnic minority group.Rate this question:
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- 3.
3. Which of the following is the best definition of culture?
- A.
A. An appropriate way to behave within a group
- B.
B. A choice of lifestyle behaviors by a group
- C.
C. Learned and shared beliefs, values, and lifeways of a group
- D.
D. Unconscious behaviors of a group
Correct Answer
C. C. Learned and shared beliefs, values, and lifeways of a groupExplanation
The best definition of culture is c. Learned and shared beliefs, values, and lifeways of a group. This definition encompasses the idea that culture is not just about behavior, but also about the underlying beliefs and values that shape that behavior. It emphasizes that culture is something that is learned and passed down from generation to generation within a group. Additionally, the inclusion of "lifeways" acknowledges that culture encompasses not just beliefs and values, but also the ways in which people live their lives and interact with the world around them.Rate this question:
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- 4.
4. A nurse went to a convention in a large city with which the nurse was unfamiliar. The nurse was somewhat anxious about finding the convention center, but once there, the nurse relaxed and eagerly entered into interaction with other attendees. Which of the following would have been the most likely reason the nurse became comfortable?
- A.
A. Enjoyment in learning more about topics that were relevant to current practice
- B.
B. Understanding the perspective of most nurses
- C.
C. Eagerness about hearing the keynote speaker
- D.
D. Being an extrovert who loved interacting with people
Correct Answer
B. B. Understanding the perspective of most nursesExplanation
The nurse became comfortable at the convention because they were able to understand the perspective of most nurses. This suggests that the nurse was able to connect with and relate to the other attendees, which helped ease their anxiety and make them feel more at ease.Rate this question:
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- 5.
5. A nurse was so angry at a family for not being home when the nurse arrived for their appointment that the nurse wanted to drop the family from the agency caseload. What would the agency supervisor need to point out to the nurse?
- A.
A. Clients can have emergencies that interfere with plans.
- B.
B. Communication about the time of the appointment may not have been clear.
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C. Nurses expect promptness and compliance, but not all clients feel the same way.
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D. Perhaps the nurse made an error in writing down the appointment date and time.
Correct Answer
C. C. Nurses expect promptness and compliance, but not all clients feel the same way.Explanation
The agency supervisor would need to point out to the nurse that nurses may have different expectations regarding promptness and compliance compared to their clients. It is important for the nurse to understand that not all clients prioritize punctuality or compliance in the same way, and that clients may have emergencies or other valid reasons for not being home at the appointed time. This reminder would help the nurse to be more understanding and flexible in their approach towards the clients.Rate this question:
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6. A nurse was proud of having completed a professional education program on cultural care of Hispanics. It was surprising when the Hispanic client for whom the nurse had been caring did not seem to act very Hispanic. Which of the following considerations is the nurse not taking?
- A.
A. The client may have been trying to demonstrate behaviors to please the nurse.
- B.
B. The client may have customs that are not identical with the Hispanic culture.
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C. The client may be in too much pain to demonstrate cultural behaviors
- D.
D. The client may not have been truthful when claiming to be Hispanic.
Correct Answer
B. B. The client may have customs that are not identical with the Hispanic culture.Explanation
The nurse is assuming that all Hispanics will act in a certain way based on their cultural background. However, it is important to recognize that individuals within a culture can have their own unique customs and behaviors that may not align with the broader cultural norms. Therefore, it is possible that the client may have customs that are different from what the nurse expects based on their education program.Rate this question:
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- 7.
7. Which of the following is a reason why each person is asked to report his or her race during the U.S. census?
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A. Race is a biologic reality defining persons with common biologic features.
- B.
B. Race is a crucial variable, which explains the differences among different groups of people.
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C. Race is a historical tradition that must be upheld.
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D. Race is a way in which people identify themselves.
Correct Answer
D. D. Race is a way in which people identify themselves.Explanation
The reason why each person is asked to report his or her race during the U.S. census is because race is a way in which people identify themselves. This information is collected to understand the diversity and demographics of the population, and to ensure equal representation and access to resources for different racial groups. It is not because race is a biologic reality defining persons with common biologic features, a crucial variable explaining differences among different groups of people, or a historical tradition that must be upheld.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A. Assessment and treatment will become more accurate according to a persons race.
- A.
A. Assessment and treatment will become more accurate according to a persons race.
- B.
B. Ethnicity as a concept mainly helps clients have a sense of belonging and loyalty.
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C. Persons from different ethnic groups are intermarrying, and their children are multiracial.
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D. The concept of ethnicity is less informative than the term race.
Correct Answer
C. C. Persons from different ethnic groups are intermarrying, and their children are multiracial. -
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9. What is the relationship between race and ethnicity?
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A. Race is biologic, whereas ethnicity is psychologic.
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B. Race is skin color, whereas ethnicity is shared beliefs.
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C. Both race and ethnicity mean visible subgroup.
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D. Race means common physiology, and ethnicity means common culture.
Correct Answer
D. D. Race means common pHysiology, and ethnicity means common culture.Explanation
Race refers to the physical characteristics and genetic traits that are shared by a group of people, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. On the other hand, ethnicity refers to the cultural and social characteristics that are shared by a group of people, such as language, religion, traditions, and customs. Therefore, the correct answer is d, as it accurately describes the relationship between race and ethnicity by highlighting the distinction between physical traits and cultural characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 10.
10. Which of the following is the best way for a nurse to determine a clients ethnicity?
- A.
A. Analyzing the clients actions and communication patterns
- B.
B. Closely observing behaviors and customs
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C. Discussing with anthropologists how to recognize the various ethnic groups
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D. Querying How do you identify yourself?
Correct Answer
D. D. Querying How do you identify yourself?Explanation
The best way for a nurse to determine a client's ethnicity is by directly asking the client how they identify themselves. This allows the client to self-identify and express their own ethnicity, rather than making assumptions based on their actions, communication patterns, behaviors, or customs. It is important to respect the individual's self-identification and not rely on stereotypes or generalizations.Rate this question:
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- 11.
11. What is the primary reason why there are differences in health outcomes among the various ethnic groups?
- A.
A. There is decreased access to health care and few care providers from their ethnic group.
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B. Members of ethnic groups rarely have life insurance, so they cannot afford to obtain care.
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C. Professionals engage in discrimination, stereotyping, and uncertainty.
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D. Minorities are less educated, so they do not take care of themselves appropriately.
Correct Answer
C. C. Professionals engage in discrimination, stereotyping, and uncertainty.Explanation
The primary reason why there are differences in health outcomes among the various ethnic groups is because professionals engage in discrimination, stereotyping, and uncertainty. This means that healthcare providers may treat individuals from different ethnic groups differently, leading to disparities in access to quality care and health outcomes. Discrimination and stereotyping can result in biased treatment and unequal access to resources, while uncertainty refers to healthcare providers lacking knowledge or understanding of different cultural practices and beliefs, which can impact the delivery of appropriate care.Rate this question:
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- 12.
12. Which of the following is the most significant barrier to Americans seeking appropriate health care?
- A.
A. Culture
- B.
B. Ethnicity
- C.
C. Lack of insurance
- D.
D. Race
Correct Answer
C. C. Lack of insuranceExplanation
Lack of insurance is the most significant barrier to Americans seeking appropriate health care because without insurance, individuals may not have access to necessary medical services and treatments. This can lead to delayed or inadequate care, financial burdens, and overall poorer health outcomes. Insurance coverage is crucial in ensuring that individuals can afford and receive the care they need, making it a significant barrier when it is lacking.Rate this question:
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- 13.
13. A nurse stressed to an oncology patient the importance of returning to the outpatient clinic promptly at 8 AM for the next treatment, but the client arrived at 3 PM. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for the clients tardiness?
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A. The client needed the appointment written down so the client could remember the exact time.
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B. The clients employment had to come first, so the clinic visit was second in priority.
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C. The clients perception of time was not linear or future oriented.
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D. The client was having too much discomfort from the treatment to have another treatment so soon.
Correct Answer
C. C. The clients perception of time was not linear or future oriented.Explanation
The most likely explanation for the client's tardiness is that their perception of time is not linear or future oriented. This means that they may struggle with understanding the concept of time or have difficulty planning and organizing their schedule. This could explain why they arrived at 3 PM instead of the scheduled 8 AM appointment time.Rate this question:
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14. A nurse was teaching a client how to plan his diabetic diet. The client explained that he was on the road a lot and ate in truck stops where they did not serve that kind of food. Furthermore, both his mother and father had died of diabetic complications, and he knew he would probably have the same fate. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the nurse?
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A. Explaining why the client might have to change careers and be more optimistic
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B. Recognizing that the client has a present time orientation and stop wasting effort on teaching him about a diet he will not follow
- C.
C. Reviewing the clients priorities and see what compromises in nutrition might be possible in his job
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D. Trying to help the client see the importance of planning for the future
Correct Answer
C. C. Reviewing the clients priorities and see what compromises in nutrition might be possible in his jobExplanation
The most appropriate action for the nurse would be to review the client's priorities and see what compromises in nutrition might be possible in his job. This response acknowledges the client's concerns and individual circumstances, recognizing that he is on the road frequently and has limited food options. By reviewing his priorities and finding ways to make compromises in his job, the nurse can work with the client to develop a more realistic and manageable diabetic diet plan.Rate this question:
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- 15.
15. A nurse saw a man from an Arab country asking a physician how his wife was doing. As the physician responded to the question, the physician backed away. The man again moved up close to the physician to ask another question, which the physician answered while again backing up. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn by the nurse?
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A. Both were trying to arrange the space between them to be comfortable.
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B. The man had poor personal hygiene, so the physician was distancing himself from the client.
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C. The physician did not want to stand that close to an Arab.
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D. These things happen; there is no particular meaning to this event.
Correct Answer
A. A. Both were trying to arrange the space between them to be comfortable.Explanation
The nurse can conclude that both the man from an Arab country and the physician were trying to arrange the space between them to be comfortable. This is evident from the fact that the physician backed away each time the man approached him to ask a question, indicating that they were both conscious of maintaining a comfortable distance between them.Rate this question:
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16. A nurse was assigned to care for a client who was speaking with his young daughter in an Asian language. Because the nurse spoke only English, which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
- A.
A. Ask the young daughter whether she knew English and could translate.
- B.
B. Ask the young daughter whether the clients wife was available to translate.
- C.
C. Call the nursing office to see whether any nurse in the hospital spoke the clients language.
- D.
D. Check the hospital resource manual for the telephone number of a translator who spoke an Asian language.
Correct Answer
C. C. Call the nursing office to see whether any nurse in the hospital spoke the clients language.Explanation
The nurse should call the nursing office to see whether any nurse in the hospital speaks the client's language. This is the most appropriate action because it allows for effective communication between the nurse and the client, ensuring that the client's needs and concerns can be properly addressed. Asking the young daughter or the client's wife to translate may not be reliable or appropriate, as they may not be fluent in English or may not be available. Checking the hospital resource manual for a translator's contact information may be time-consuming and may not guarantee immediate assistance.Rate this question:
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- 17.
17. The nurse was determined to become more culturally competent with at least one cultural group besides the nurses own. Which of the following actions would be most useful for professional practice?
- A.
A. Buying groceries from a small ethnic grocery store in the neighborhood
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B. Buying only items made outside the United States
- C.
C. Learning conversational Spanish
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D. Moving into an apartment house owned by a member of another ethnic group
Correct Answer
C. C. Learning conversational SpanishExplanation
Learning conversational Spanish would be most useful for professional practice in this scenario because it would allow the nurse to communicate effectively with Spanish-speaking patients and understand their cultural norms and beliefs. This would enhance the nurse's ability to provide culturally competent care and build trust with patients from this cultural group. Buying groceries from a small ethnic grocery store or buying items made outside the United States may provide exposure to different cultures, but it would not necessarily improve the nurse's ability to communicate and understand the specific needs of a particular cultural group. Moving into an apartment owned by a member of another ethnic group may provide some cultural immersion, but it would not directly address the nurse's goal of becoming more culturally competent.Rate this question:
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- 18.
18. The administrative team at a home care agency is discussing how they meet the Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) standards. Which of the following actions demonstrates the incorporation of these standards in practice?
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A. Requiring a small fee so that all patients will have a translator immediately available
- B.
B. Using hand motions, pantomime, and touch to convey information
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C. Requiring all staff nurses employed in the hospital to be bilingual
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D. Using a computer to print index cards with essential phrases both in English and in the patients language
Correct Answer
D. D. Using a computer to print index cards with essential pHrases both in English and in the patients languageExplanation
Using a computer to print index cards with essential phrases in both English and the patient's language demonstrates the incorporation of CLAS standards in practice. This action shows a commitment to providing language assistance and ensuring effective communication with patients who have limited English proficiency. It allows healthcare providers to have readily available resources to communicate important information and improve patient understanding and satisfaction.Rate this question:
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19. Which of the following is the best definition of a family for a nurse to use when planning nursing care?
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A. Related legally or by blood
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B. Considered family by the legal system
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C. Living in the same household
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D. Any person the client reports as being family
Correct Answer
D. D. Any person the client reports as being familyExplanation
The best definition of a family for a nurse to use when planning nursing care is any person the client reports as being family. This definition is inclusive and respects the client's perspective and individual circumstances. It acknowledges that family can extend beyond legal or blood relations, and recognizes the importance of the client's own perception of who they consider as family. This definition allows for a more personalized and patient-centered approach to nursing care.Rate this question:
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20. A male nurse was admitting a woman from Italy who spoke perfect English. The nurse had no idea what would be considered appropriate behavior for a male nurse with a female client from outside the United States. Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse?
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A. Can you tell me about Italy? Ive always wanted to go there.
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B. I dont know much about care in your country. Could you tell me what you expect from a nurse in a hospital?
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C. I understand you have national health care in your country, but you do understand that here you will have to pay for all your care?
- D.
D. Youll probably prefer a female nurse. Ill have a female colleague come in shortly.
Correct Answer
B. B. I dont know much about care in your country. Could you tell me what you expect from a nurse in a hospital?Explanation
The correct answer is b. This statement shows that the nurse acknowledges their lack of knowledge about the patient's country and culture, and expresses a willingness to learn and understand the patient's expectations. It demonstrates cultural sensitivity and a desire to provide appropriate care based on the patient's needs and preferences.Rate this question:
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- 21.
21. The community/public health nurse was conducting a blood pressure clinic. The nurse noted that a Chinese clients blood pressure was 80/50. The client stated that he was taking propranolol for hypertension. Which of the following would be the most probable reason for this low blood pressure?
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A. The client may be more sensitive to the effects of beta-blockers.
- B.
B. The client may never really have had hypertension.
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C. The client may have taken too much of the medication each day.
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D. The client may not have told the physician all the other medications he was taking.
Correct Answer
A. A. The client may be more sensitive to the effects of beta-blockers.Explanation
The most probable reason for the client's low blood pressure is that they may be more sensitive to the effects of beta-blockers. Propranolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension, but it can also cause a decrease in blood pressure. Some individuals may be more sensitive to the medication, leading to a greater reduction in blood pressure. This could explain why the client's blood pressure is lower than expected.Rate this question:
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22. A man was badly hurt in a car accident caused by a drunk driver and was having a large amount of pain. The man cried, What did I do to deserve this? I wasnt the one drinking. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?
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A. There is always a reason behind any accident and injury.
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B. The pain will start to improve. You just need to give it some time.
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C. Im sorry you have so much pain. How have you been dealing with it?
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D. Can I get you more pain medication?
Correct Answer
C. C. Im sorry you have so much pain. How have you been dealing with it?Explanation
The most appropriate response by the nurse would be c. "I'm sorry you have so much pain. How have you been dealing with it?" This response shows empathy and acknowledges the patient's pain, while also opening up a conversation about how the patient has been coping with their pain. It allows the nurse to assess the patient's current pain management strategies and potentially offer additional support or interventions if needed.Rate this question:
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23. A nurse is completing a cultural assessment. Which of the following actions would the nurse take first?
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A. Assessing the clients religious beliefs
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B. Asking the client with which culture he or she identifies
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C. Establishing rapport and a trusting relationship with the client
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D. Evaluating appropriate data collection tools
Correct Answer
C. C. Establishing rapport and a trusting relationship with the clientExplanation
Establishing rapport and a trusting relationship with the client is the first action that the nurse would take when completing a cultural assessment. This is because building trust and rapport is essential in order to gather accurate and meaningful information about the client's cultural background. Without a trusting relationship, the client may not feel comfortable sharing personal and cultural information, which could hinder the assessment process. Once rapport is established, the nurse can then proceed with assessing the client's religious beliefs, asking about their cultural identification, and evaluating appropriate data collection tools.Rate this question:
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24. Which of the following criteria would be useful for a nurse in choosing a good informant who can explain what is and what is not appropriate behavior in a group?
- A.
A. Being in a position of power and authority and having an appropriate title
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B. Being careful to describe reality as the nurse wants to hear it
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C. Being a member of the culture who has been actively involved for a long time
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D. Being willing to explain as long as his or her knowledge is financially recognized
Correct Answer
C. C. Being a member of the culture who has been actively involved for a long timeExplanation
A nurse would benefit from choosing a good informant who is a member of the culture and has been actively involved for a long time because they would have firsthand experience and understanding of the appropriate behavior in a group. This individual would have witnessed and participated in various group dynamics, allowing them to provide accurate and reliable information about what is and what is not appropriate behavior. Their long-term involvement in the culture suggests a deep understanding and familiarity with the norms and expectations, making them a valuable informant for the nurse.Rate this question:
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25. A nurse was very excited at being given the opportunity to spend a year working in Botswana. After 2 months, however, the nurse was feeling both depressed and angry. Knowing the agreement was to stay a calendar year made the nurse feel panic-stricken. Which of the following problems is the nurse most likely experiencing?
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A. Culture shock from being in a culture very different from that at home
- B.
B. Fatigue from having to constantly ask a translator to explain what clients are saying
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C. Frustration because high-technology equipment is not available in this developing country
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D. Tiredness from learning all the differences in nursing techniques in this clinical setting
Correct Answer
A. A. Culture shock from being in a culture very different from that at homeExplanation
The nurse is most likely experiencing culture shock from being in a culture very different from that at home. This is evident from the nurse feeling depressed and angry after 2 months and feeling panic-stricken knowing that they have to stay for a whole year. Culture shock is a common reaction to being in a new and unfamiliar culture, and it can lead to feelings of disorientation, frustration, and even depression.Rate this question:
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- 26.
26. The difference between an immigrant and a refugee is that the immigrant
- A.
A. Has legal permission to receive government benefits, whereas the refugee does not.
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B. Is a legal member of society, whereas refugees have come into the country illegally.
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C. Is a member of a group that America wishes to welcome, whereas a refugee is not.
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D. Wants permanent residence, whereas refugees wish to escape persecution.
Correct Answer
D. D. Wants permanent residence, whereas refugees wish to escape persecution.Explanation
The correct answer is d. This answer explains that the difference between an immigrant and a refugee is that immigrants want permanent residence in a new country, while refugees are seeking to escape persecution in their home country. This explanation highlights the different motivations and circumstances that lead individuals to migrate or seek refuge in another country.Rate this question:
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27. A nurse has been assigned to care for a bisexual client. Which of the following would be important for the nurse to recognize about this client?
- A.
A. The client may have experienced disparities in health status and care.
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B. The client has received care similar to that of all other U.S. citizens.
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C. The client may be resistant to education by the nurse.
- D.
D. The client has resisted mainstream lifestyles and behaviors.
Correct Answer
A. A. The client may have experienced disparities in health status and care.Explanation
The correct answer is a. The client may have experienced disparities in health status and care. This is important for the nurse to recognize because bisexual individuals often face discrimination and stigma in healthcare settings, which can lead to disparities in their health status and the care they receive. It is crucial for the nurse to be aware of this and provide culturally sensitive care to ensure the client's needs are met.Rate this question:
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- 28.
28. Why would a nurse attend a professional development program about personal beliefs, values, and ethnic heritage?
- A.
A. It will be worth sharing with other staff at the agency.
- B.
B. It will decrease the nurses racism.
- C.
C. It will help the nurse recognize her own ethnic perspective.
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D. It will help the nurse work better with others.
Correct Answer
C. C. It will help the nurse recognize her own ethnic perspective.Explanation
Attending a professional development program about personal beliefs, values, and ethnic heritage would help the nurse recognize her own ethnic perspective. This is important because understanding one's own beliefs, values, and ethnic heritage can enhance self-awareness and promote cultural competence. By recognizing her own ethnic perspective, the nurse can better understand how her background may influence her interactions with patients and colleagues from different cultures. This knowledge can ultimately improve the nurse's ability to provide culturally sensitive and appropriate care, and work effectively with a diverse group of individuals.Rate this question:
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