Quiz#1 Midwives/ Nusayba College

Explanation
Adrenergic effects refer to the actions of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. Increased heart rate and increased hypertension are both characteristic of the adrenergic effects. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it releases adrenaline (epinephrine) which causes the heart to beat faster and stronger, leading to increased heart rate. Additionally, adrenaline constricts blood vessels, resulting in increased blood pressure, or hypertension. Therefore, the correct answer is increased heart rate and increased hypertension.

Explanation
IDDM (Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus), also known as Type 1 diabetes, is a condition where the body does not produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, the most effective and common treatment for IDDM is insulin therapy. Insulin is usually administered through injections or an insulin pump to replace the missing hormone and help control blood sugar levels. Oral hypoglycemics are medications used to treat Type 2 diabetes, which is not the same as IDDM. Decreasing sugar intake and regular exercise can be beneficial for managing diabetes, but they are not sufficient as standalone treatments for IDDM.

Explanation
Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), but it also has another indication, which is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age and is characterized by enlarged ovaries with small cysts. Metformin helps regulate insulin levels in the body, which can be beneficial for women with PCOS as they often have insulin resistance. By addressing insulin resistance, metformin can help manage symptoms of PCOS such as irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), and fertility issues.

Explanation
The question asks for personal preference, therefore the correct answer will vary from person to person. Since the answer is not provided, it is not possible to determine the specific reason for choosing Option 4.

Explanation
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker because it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. This means that it affects both the heart and the lungs. Beta-1 receptors are mainly located in the heart and beta-2 receptors are mainly located in the lungs. By blocking these receptors, propranolol reduces heart rate and blood pressure, making it effective in treating conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. It also helps to relieve symptoms of anxiety and stage fright by reducing the physical effects of adrenaline.