Round 1 Esdt-l2a Ncet 12-04

1. This is a

Capacitor

Pushbutton

Resistor

IC

The given options are capacitor, pushbutton, resistor, and IC. The correct answer is pushbutton. A pushbutton is a type of switch that is activated by pressing it. It is commonly used in various electronic devices and appliances to initiate a specific action or function when pressed.

Explanation

The given options are capacitor, pushbutton, resistor, and IC. The correct answer is pushbutton. A pushbutton is a type of switch that is activated by pressing it. It is commonly used in various electronic devices and appliances to initiate a specific action or function when pressed.

2. Does Arduino provides IDE Environment?

Yes

No

Option 3

Option 4

Arduino does provide an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) environment. The Arduino IDE is a software platform that allows users to write, compile, and upload code to Arduino boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for programming Arduino microcontrollers and offers various features such as code highlighting, serial monitor, and library management. With the Arduino IDE, users can easily develop and test their Arduino projects, making it a valuable tool for beginners and experienced developers alike.

Explanation

Arduino does provide an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) environment. The Arduino IDE is a software platform that allows users to write, compile, and upload code to Arduino boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for programming Arduino microcontrollers and offers various features such as code highlighting, serial monitor, and library management. With the Arduino IDE, users can easily develop and test their Arduino projects, making it a valuable tool for beginners and experienced developers alike.

3. What are the types of linkages?

Internal

External

None

External, Internal and None

The types of linkages include external, internal, and none. External linkages refer to connections between a program and other programs or libraries outside of its own code. Internal linkages refer to connections within a program, such as between different functions or variables. None indicates that there are no linkages present in the context of the question.

Explanation

The types of linkages include external, internal, and none. External linkages refer to connections between a program and other programs or libraries outside of its own code. Internal linkages refer to connections within a program, such as between different functions or variables. None indicates that there are no linkages present in the context of the question.

4. What determines the total resistance in a series circuit?

The sum of the resistors

The largest resistor

The largest resistor minus the smaller

The smallest resistor

In a series circuit, the total resistance is determined by the sum of the resistors. This is because in a series circuit, the current flowing through each resistor is the same, and the total resistance is the cumulative effect of all the resistors in the circuit. Therefore, to find the total resistance, we add up the individual resistances of all the resistors in the series circuit.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the total resistance is determined by the sum of the resistors. This is because in a series circuit, the current flowing through each resistor is the same, and the total resistance is the cumulative effect of all the resistors in the circuit. Therefore, to find the total resistance, we add up the individual resistances of all the resistors in the series circuit.

5. Specify the 2 library functions to dynamically allocate memory?

Memalloc() and faralloc()

Malloc() and memalloc()

Alloc() and memalloc()

Malloc() and calloc()

The correct answer is malloc() and calloc(). These two library functions are used to dynamically allocate memory in C programming. malloc() is used to allocate a block of memory of a specified size, while calloc() is used to allocate a block of memory for an array of elements, initializing all the elements to 0.

Explanation

The correct answer is malloc() and calloc(). These two library functions are used to dynamically allocate memory in C programming. malloc() is used to allocate a block of memory of a specified size, while calloc() is used to allocate a block of memory for an array of elements, initializing all the elements to 0.

6. MQTT stands for _____________

MQ Telemetry Transport

MQ Transport Things

MQ Transport Telemetry

MQ Telemetry Things

MQTT stands for MQ Telemetry Transport. This protocol is designed for lightweight communication between devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) and is widely used in IoT applications. MQTT is known for its simplicity, efficiency, and low bandwidth usage, making it ideal for resource-constrained devices. It enables devices to publish and subscribe to messages on topics, allowing for efficient and reliable data exchange between devices in a network.

Explanation

MQTT stands for MQ Telemetry Transport. This protocol is designed for lightweight communication between devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) and is widely used in IoT applications. MQTT is known for its simplicity, efficiency, and low bandwidth usage, making it ideal for resource-constrained devices. It enables devices to publish and subscribe to messages on topics, allowing for efficient and reliable data exchange between devices in a network.

7. What is the microcontroller used in Arduino UNO?

ATmega328p

ATmega2560

ATmega32114

AT91SAM3x8E

The microcontroller used in Arduino UNO is the ATmega328p. This microcontroller is commonly used in Arduino boards due to its low power consumption, high performance, and compatibility with various sensors and peripherals. It has a 32KB flash memory, 2KB SRAM, and 1KB EEPROM, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Additionally, it has a built-in bootloader, allowing for easy programming and development of Arduino projects.

Explanation

The microcontroller used in Arduino UNO is the ATmega328p. This microcontroller is commonly used in Arduino boards due to its low power consumption, high performance, and compatibility with various sensors and peripherals. It has a 32KB flash memory, 2KB SRAM, and 1KB EEPROM, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Additionally, it has a built-in bootloader, allowing for easy programming and development of Arduino projects.

8. With a 900 V source, voltage is divided across 3 series resistors of 300 V, 280 V, and:

300 V

280 V

320 V

120 V

When a voltage source is connected to a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the resistors based on their individual resistances. In this case, the total voltage is 900 V and it is divided across the three resistors. The first resistor has a voltage drop of 300 V, the second resistor has a voltage drop of 280 V, and the third resistor will have a voltage drop of 320 V. This is because the voltage drop across each resistor is proportional to its resistance. Therefore, the correct answer is 320 V.

Explanation

When a voltage source is connected to a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the resistors based on their individual resistances. In this case, the total voltage is 900 V and it is divided across the three resistors. The first resistor has a voltage drop of 300 V, the second resistor has a voltage drop of 280 V, and the third resistor will have a voltage drop of 320 V. This is because the voltage drop across each resistor is proportional to its resistance. Therefore, the correct answer is 320 V.

9. How will you free the allocated memory ?

Remove(var-name);

Free(var-name);

Dalloc(var-name);

Delete(var-name);

To free the allocated memory, the correct option is "free(var-name)". The function "free()" is used in C programming language to deallocate the memory previously allocated by the "malloc()" or "calloc()" functions. By calling "free(var-name)", the memory allocated to the variable "var-name" will be released and can be used for other purposes.

Explanation

To free the allocated memory, the correct option is "free(var-name)". The function "free()" is used in C programming language to deallocate the memory previously allocated by the "malloc()" or "calloc()" functions. By calling "free(var-name)", the memory allocated to the variable "var-name" will be released and can be used for other purposes.

10. Which equation determines individual resistor voltage drop?

I x R

V x I

2I x R

V x R

The equation I x R determines the individual resistor voltage drop. This equation represents Ohm's Law, where I represents the current flowing through the resistor and R represents the resistance of the resistor. By multiplying the current and resistance values, we can calculate the voltage drop across the resistor.

Explanation

The equation I x R determines the individual resistor voltage drop. This equation represents Ohm's Law, where I represents the current flowing through the resistor and R represents the resistance of the resistor. By multiplying the current and resistance values, we can calculate the voltage drop across the resistor.

11. Input/output function prototypes and macros are defined in which header file?

Stdio.h

Conio.h

Stdlib.h

Dos.h

The correct answer is stdio.h. This header file is commonly used in C programming and contains the prototypes for input/output functions such as printf and scanf. It also includes definitions for file handling functions and constants like NULL. Therefore, if we need to use input/output functions or file handling functions in our program, we need to include stdio.h.

Explanation

The correct answer is stdio.h. This header file is commonly used in C programming and contains the prototypes for input/output functions such as printf and scanf. It also includes definitions for file handling functions and constants like NULL. Therefore, if we need to use input/output functions or file handling functions in our program, we need to include stdio.h.

12. Which header file should be included to use functions like malloc() and calloc()?

Dos.h

Stdlib.h

String.h

Memory.h

The correct answer is stdlib.h. This header file should be included to use functions like malloc() and calloc(). The stdlib.h header file in C provides several general-purpose functions, including memory allocation functions like malloc() and calloc(). These functions are used to dynamically allocate memory during runtime. Therefore, including stdlib.h allows the program to access and use these memory allocation functions.

Explanation

The correct answer is stdlib.h. This header file should be included to use functions like malloc() and calloc(). The stdlib.h header file in C provides several general-purpose functions, including memory allocation functions like malloc() and calloc(). These functions are used to dynamically allocate memory during runtime. Therefore, including stdlib.h allows the program to access and use these memory allocation functions.

13. Which of the following special symbol allowed in a variable name?

| (pipeline)

- (hyphen)

_ (underscore)

* (asterisk)

The underscore (_) symbol is allowed in a variable name.

Explanation

The underscore (_) symbol is allowed in a variable name.

14. Which of the following correctly shows the hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C?

* - / +

+ - / *

/ * + -

/ + * -

The hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C follows the BODMAS rule, which states that division and multiplication should be performed before addition and subtraction. Therefore, the correct hierarchy is / * + - where division is performed first, followed by multiplication, addition, and subtraction.

Explanation

The hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C follows the BODMAS rule, which states that division and multiplication should be performed before addition and subtraction. Therefore, the correct hierarchy is / * + - where division is performed first, followed by multiplication, addition, and subtraction.

15. If series resistors dissipate 16 mW, 107 mW, 146 mW, and 243 mW, what is the total power consumed by the circuit?

269 mW

128 mW

512 mW

1024 mW

The total power consumed by a circuit with series resistors can be found by adding up the power dissipated by each resistor. In this case, the power dissipated by the resistors is 16 mW, 107 mW, 146 mW, and 243 mW. Adding these values together gives a total power consumption of 512 mW.

Explanation

The total power consumed by a circuit with series resistors can be found by adding up the power dissipated by each resistor. In this case, the power dissipated by the resistors is 16 mW, 107 mW, 146 mW, and 243 mW. Adding these values together gives a total power consumption of 512 mW.

16. If a 6 V and a 9 V source are connected series aiding, the total voltage is

3v

9v

6v

15v

When two voltage sources are connected in series aiding, their voltages add up. In this case, the 6 V and 9 V sources are connected in series aiding, so the total voltage would be the sum of these two voltages, which is 15 V.

Explanation

When two voltage sources are connected in series aiding, their voltages add up. In this case, the 6 V and 9 V sources are connected in series aiding, so the total voltage would be the sum of these two voltages, which is 15 V.

17. What is (void*)0?

Representation of NULL pointer

Error

Representation of void pointer

None of above

(void*)0 is the representation of a NULL pointer. In C and C++, a NULL pointer is a pointer that does not point to any memory location. It is often used to indicate the absence of a valid pointer value. The (void*)0 notation is used to explicitly cast the value 0 to a void pointer type. This is done to indicate that the pointer does not have a specific type associated with it, allowing it to be assigned to pointers of any type. Therefore, (void*)0 is the correct answer as it represents a NULL pointer.

Explanation

(void*)0 is the representation of a NULL pointer. In C and C++, a NULL pointer is a pointer that does not point to any memory location. It is often used to indicate the absence of a valid pointer value. The (void*)0 notation is used to explicitly cast the value 0 to a void pointer type. This is done to indicate that the pointer does not have a specific type associated with it, allowing it to be assigned to pointers of any type. Therefore, (void*)0 is the correct answer as it represents a NULL pointer.

18. Five resistors are connected in a series and there is a current of 3 A into the first resistor. The amount of current into the second resistor is

2A

3A

4A

7A

In a series circuit, the current remains the same throughout. Therefore, the amount of current into the second resistor will also be 3A.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the current remains the same throughout. Therefore, the amount of current into the second resistor will also be 3A.

19. Does the level shifter converts the voltage levels between RS-232 and transistor-transistor logic.

Yes

No

Option 3

Option 4

A level shifter is a device that is used to convert voltage levels between different types of electronic circuits. In this case, the question is asking whether a level shifter can convert voltage levels between RS-232 and transistor-transistor logic (TTL). The correct answer is "Yes" because a level shifter can indeed perform this conversion, allowing for compatibility between the two different types of circuits.

Explanation

A level shifter is a device that is used to convert voltage levels between different types of electronic circuits. In this case, the question is asking whether a level shifter can convert voltage levels between RS-232 and transistor-transistor logic (TTL). The correct answer is "Yes" because a level shifter can indeed perform this conversion, allowing for compatibility between the two different types of circuits.

20. ___________ are pre built circuit boards that fit on top of Arduino

Shields

Databoards

Sensors

Ardu hats

Shields are pre-built circuit boards that can be easily attached on top of an Arduino board. These shields provide additional functionality to the Arduino by adding specific features or components such as motor drivers, WiFi modules, or LCD displays. They are designed to fit perfectly on top of the Arduino, allowing for easy integration and expansion of the Arduino's capabilities.

Explanation

Shields are pre-built circuit boards that can be easily attached on top of an Arduino board. These shields provide additional functionality to the Arduino by adding specific features or components such as motor drivers, WiFi modules, or LCD displays. They are designed to fit perfectly on top of the Arduino, allowing for easy integration and expansion of the Arduino's capabilities.

21. This component is

Capacitor

Resistor

Inductor

Potentiometer

Capacitors are electronic components that store electrical energy in an electric field. They consist of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, the capacitor charges up and stores energy. Capacitors are commonly used in electronic circuits for various purposes, such as smoothing out voltage fluctuations, filtering signals, and storing energy for later release. Therefore, the correct answer is Capacitor.

Explanation

Capacitors are electronic components that store electrical energy in an electric field. They consist of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, the capacitor charges up and stores energy. Capacitors are commonly used in electronic circuits for various purposes, such as smoothing out voltage fluctuations, filtering signals, and storing energy for later release. Therefore, the correct answer is Capacitor.

22. What is the similarity between a structure, union and enumeration?

All of them let you define new values

All of them let you define new data types

All of them let you define new pointers

All three structures, unions, and enumerations allow you to define new data types. Structures let you group together different types of variables under a single name, unions let you store different types of variables in the same memory location, and enumerations let you define a set of named constants. Therefore, the similarity between these three is that they all allow you to define new data types.

Explanation

All three structures, unions, and enumerations allow you to define new data types. Structures let you group together different types of variables under a single name, unions let you store different types of variables in the same memory location, and enumerations let you define a set of named constants. Therefore, the similarity between these three is that they all allow you to define new data types.

23. What function should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc() ?

Memalloc(variable_name, 0)

Free();

Dealloc();

Malloc(variable_name, 0)

The function that should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc() is "free();". The free() function is used to deallocate the memory previously allocated by calloc(). It takes a pointer to the memory block as a parameter and frees the memory, making it available for reuse.

Explanation

The function that should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc() is "free();". The free() function is used to deallocate the memory previously allocated by calloc(). It takes a pointer to the memory block as a parameter and frees the memory, making it available for reuse.

24. What will the function rewind() do?

Reposition the file pointer stream to end of file.

Reposition the file pointer to a character reverse

Reposition the file pointer to begining of that line

Reposition the file pointer to begining of file.

The function rewind() is used to reposition the file pointer to the beginning of the file. This means that after calling the rewind() function, any subsequent read or write operations will start from the beginning of the file.

Explanation

The function rewind() is used to reposition the file pointer to the beginning of the file. This means that after calling the rewind() function, any subsequent read or write operations will start from the beginning of the file.

25. How many analog pins are used in Arduino Mega board?

16

14

12

8

The Arduino Mega board has a total of 16 analog pins. These analog pins can be used to read analog signals, such as sensor values, and convert them into digital values that the Arduino can process. Having 16 analog pins provides a greater flexibility and allows for more analog inputs to be connected to the board.

Explanation

The Arduino Mega board has a total of 16 analog pins. These analog pins can be used to read analog signals, such as sensor values, and convert them into digital values that the Arduino can process. Having 16 analog pins provides a greater flexibility and allows for more analog inputs to be connected to the board.

26. MQTT is better than HTTP in IOT application for sending & receiving data

True

False

Option 3

Option 4

MQTT is better than HTTP in IoT applications for sending and receiving data because MQTT is a lightweight messaging protocol specifically designed for IoT devices. It uses a publish-subscribe model, allowing for efficient communication between devices with low power and limited bandwidth. HTTP, on the other hand, is a request-response protocol that is more suitable for traditional web-based applications. In IoT scenarios where devices need to constantly exchange data in a resource-constrained environment, MQTT's efficiency and low overhead make it a better choice.

Explanation

MQTT is better than HTTP in IoT applications for sending and receiving data because MQTT is a lightweight messaging protocol specifically designed for IoT devices. It uses a publish-subscribe model, allowing for efficient communication between devices with low power and limited bandwidth. HTTP, on the other hand, is a request-response protocol that is more suitable for traditional web-based applications. In IoT scenarios where devices need to constantly exchange data in a resource-constrained environment, MQTT's efficiency and low overhead make it a better choice.

27. How many digital pins are there in the UNO board?

14

12

16

20

The UNO board has a total of 14 digital pins. These pins can be used for both input and output purposes. They allow the board to communicate with other devices and sensors, and can be used to control various components such as LEDs, motors, and buttons.

Explanation

The UNO board has a total of 14 digital pins. These pins can be used for both input and output purposes. They allow the board to communicate with other devices and sensors, and can be used to control various components such as LEDs, motors, and buttons.

28. Is a symbol of

LED

LDR

Capacitor

None of these

The correct answer is LED. LED stands for Light Emitting Diode, which is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs are commonly used in various electronic devices and lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and long lifespan. Therefore, an LED can be considered as a symbol of modern lighting technology.

Explanation

The correct answer is LED. LED stands for Light Emitting Diode, which is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs are commonly used in various electronic devices and lighting applications due to their energy efficiency and long lifespan. Therefore, an LED can be considered as a symbol of modern lighting technology.

29. Arduino IDE consists of 2 functions. What are they

Build() and loop()

Setup() and build()

Setup() and loop()

Loop() and build() and setup()

The correct answer is Setup() and loop(). The Setup() function is used to initialize variables, pin modes, and libraries, and it is called only once when the Arduino board is powered on or reset. The loop() function is the main function in Arduino programming, and it is called repeatedly after the Setup() function. It contains the code that you want to run repeatedly, such as reading inputs and controlling outputs.

Explanation

The correct answer is Setup() and loop(). The Setup() function is used to initialize variables, pin modes, and libraries, and it is called only once when the Arduino board is powered on or reset. The loop() function is the main function in Arduino programming, and it is called repeatedly after the Setup() function. It contains the code that you want to run repeatedly, such as reading inputs and controlling outputs.

30. The binary equivalent of 5.375 is

101.101110111

None of above

101011

101.011

The binary equivalent of a decimal number can be found by repeatedly multiplying the decimal part by 2 and taking the integer part as the binary digit. In this case, the decimal part of 5.375 is 0.375. Multiplying 0.375 by 2 gives 0.75, with an integer part of 0. Multiplying 0.75 by 2 gives 1.5, with an integer part of 1. Multiplying 0.5 by 2 gives 1, with an integer part of 1. Therefore, the binary equivalent of 5.375 is 101.011.

Explanation

The binary equivalent of a decimal number can be found by repeatedly multiplying the decimal part by 2 and taking the integer part as the binary digit. In this case, the decimal part of 5.375 is 0.375. Multiplying 0.375 by 2 gives 0.75, with an integer part of 0. Multiplying 0.75 by 2 gives 1.5, with an integer part of 1. Multiplying 0.5 by 2 gives 1, with an integer part of 1. Therefore, the binary equivalent of 5.375 is 101.011.

31. In a series circuit, the voltage measured across a short will be:

The normal voltage drop

Zero volts

Source voltage

Infinite voltage

In a series circuit, the voltage measured across a short will be zero volts. This is because a short circuit provides a path of very low resistance, causing all of the current to flow through the short and bypass the rest of the circuit. As a result, there is no voltage drop across the short circuit itself.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the voltage measured across a short will be zero volts. This is because a short circuit provides a path of very low resistance, causing all of the current to flow through the short and bypass the rest of the circuit. As a result, there is no voltage drop across the short circuit itself.

32. Power is defined as:

Joules

The conversion of energy

Work

The rate at which work is done

Power is a measure of how quickly work is done or energy is transferred. It represents the rate at which work is done, meaning how much work is done per unit of time. It is not just the conversion of energy or the total amount of work done, but specifically the rate at which work is being done. Therefore, the correct answer is "the rate at which work is done".

Explanation

Power is a measure of how quickly work is done or energy is transferred. It represents the rate at which work is done, meaning how much work is done per unit of time. It is not just the conversion of energy or the total amount of work done, but specifically the rate at which work is being done. Therefore, the correct answer is "the rate at which work is done".

33. A series circuit schematic is recognized because all the components are connected:

End to end in a "string"

Horizontally across the page

In a uniform vertical manner

Diagonally across the page

In a series circuit, all the components are connected in a single path, one after the other, like a string. This means that the current flows through each component in the same direction, and if one component fails, the entire circuit will be broken. Therefore, the correct answer is "end to end in a 'string'."

Explanation

In a series circuit, all the components are connected in a single path, one after the other, like a string. This means that the current flows through each component in the same direction, and if one component fails, the entire circuit will be broken. Therefore, the correct answer is "end to end in a 'string'."

34. What will you do to treat the constant 3.14 as a float?

Use 3.14f

Use (f)(3.14)

Use float(3.14f)

Use f(3.14)

To treat the constant 3.14 as a float, you can use the suffix "f" after the number. This indicates that the number should be treated as a float data type.

Explanation

To treat the constant 3.14 as a float, you can use the suffix "f" after the number. This indicates that the number should be treated as a float data type.

35. A series circuit current:

Remains the same through each component

Is the same as the individual resistances

Varies through each component

Is subtracted by each component

In a series circuit, the current remains the same through each component because there is only one path for the current to flow. The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, but the current remains constant throughout the circuit. This is because the amount of current flowing into one component is equal to the amount of current flowing out of that component, ensuring that the current remains the same throughout the circuit.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the current remains the same through each component because there is only one path for the current to flow. The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances, but the current remains constant throughout the circuit. This is because the amount of current flowing into one component is equal to the amount of current flowing out of that component, ensuring that the current remains the same throughout the circuit.

36. How many bytes are occupied by near, far and huge pointers (DOS)?

Near=4 far=4 huge=8

Near=2 far=4 huge=4

Near=4 far=8 huge=8

Near=2 far=4 huge=8

Near pointers occupy 2 bytes of memory, far pointers occupy 4 bytes of memory, and huge pointers also occupy 4 bytes of memory.

Explanation

Near pointers occupy 2 bytes of memory, far pointers occupy 4 bytes of memory, and huge pointers also occupy 4 bytes of memory.

37. What does p refer to in ATmega328p

Production

Pico-Power

Power-Pico

Programmable on chip

In the ATmega328p, the "p" refers to Pico-Power. Pico-Power is a feature in microcontrollers that allows for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. This feature enables the microcontroller to operate at very low power levels, extending battery life and reducing energy consumption.

Explanation

In the ATmega328p, the "p" refers to Pico-Power. Pico-Power is a feature in microcontrollers that allows for ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. This feature enables the microcontroller to operate at very low power levels, extending battery life and reducing energy consumption.

38. A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called _________

Sketch

Code

Crypt

IDE Source

In the context of Arduino programming, a program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a "Sketch". This term is commonly used to refer to the code written for Arduino boards. It is a concise and straightforward way to describe the program, emphasizing the simplicity and ease of use associated with the Arduino platform.

Explanation

In the context of Arduino programming, a program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a "Sketch". This term is commonly used to refer to the code written for Arduino boards. It is a concise and straightforward way to describe the program, emphasizing the simplicity and ease of use associated with the Arduino platform.

39. What will the function randomize() do in Turbo C under DOS?

Returns a random number generator in the specified range.

Returns a random number generator with a random value based on time.

Returns a random number.

Return a random number with a given seed value.

The function randomize() in Turbo C under DOS will return a random number generator with a random value based on time. This means that each time the function is called, it will generate a different random value based on the current time.

Explanation

The function randomize() in Turbo C under DOS will return a random number generator with a random value based on time. This means that each time the function is called, it will generate a different random value based on the current time.

40. If the resistance total in a series circuit doubles, current will:

Be doubled

Be halved

Be the same

Reduce source voltage

When the resistance total in a series circuit doubles, the current will be halved. This is because according to Ohm's Law, the current flowing through a circuit is inversely proportional to the total resistance. Therefore, if the resistance doubles, the current will decrease by half.

Explanation

When the resistance total in a series circuit doubles, the current will be halved. This is because according to Ohm's Law, the current flowing through a circuit is inversely proportional to the total resistance. Therefore, if the resistance doubles, the current will decrease by half.

41. In mathematics and computer programming, which is the correct order of mathematical operators ?

Multiplication, Addition, Division, Subtraction

Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction

Addition, Division, Modulus, Subtraction

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

The correct order of mathematical operators is based on the concept of the order of operations. According to the order of operations, multiplication and division should be performed before addition and subtraction. This means that any multiplication or division should be done before any addition or subtraction in an expression. Therefore, the correct order of mathematical operators is Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.

Explanation

The correct order of mathematical operators is based on the concept of the order of operations. According to the order of operations, multiplication and division should be performed before addition and subtraction. This means that any multiplication or division should be done before any addition or subtraction in an expression. Therefore, the correct order of mathematical operators is Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.

42. If a 24 V and a 6 V battery are series opposing, the total voltage is

18v

30v

24v

20v

When two batteries are connected in series opposing, it means that their positive terminals are connected to each other and their negative terminals are connected to each other. In this case, the 24 V battery and the 6 V battery are connected in series opposing. When batteries are connected in this way, the total voltage is equal to the difference between the voltages of the two batteries. So, the total voltage in this case would be 24 V - 6 V = 18 V.

Explanation

When two batteries are connected in series opposing, it means that their positive terminals are connected to each other and their negative terminals are connected to each other. In this case, the 24 V battery and the 6 V battery are connected in series opposing. When batteries are connected in this way, the total voltage is equal to the difference between the voltages of the two batteries. So, the total voltage in this case would be 24 V - 6 V = 18 V.

43. In which stage the following code #include gets replaced by the contents of the file stdio.h

During linking

During editing

During execution

During preprocessing

During preprocessing, the code undergoes a series of transformations before it is compiled. This includes the step of replacing the #include directive with the contents of the specified file (in this case, stdio.h). This is done by the preprocessor, which is a separate program that runs before the actual compilation process. The preprocessor scans the code, processes the directives, and prepares the code for compilation. Therefore, the inclusion of the file contents happens during preprocessing.

Explanation

During preprocessing, the code undergoes a series of transformations before it is compiled. This includes the step of replacing the #include directive with the contents of the specified file (in this case, stdio.h). This is done by the preprocessor, which is a separate program that runs before the actual compilation process. The preprocessor scans the code, processes the directives, and prepares the code for compilation. Therefore, the inclusion of the file contents happens during preprocessing.

44. A string of resistors in a series circuit will:

Divide the source voltage in proportion to their values

Cause the current to divide

Reduce the power to zero

Increase the source voltage in proportion to the values

In a series circuit, resistors are connected end to end, so the same current flows through each resistor. According to Ohm's Law, the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to its resistance. Therefore, in a series circuit, the total voltage of the source is divided among the resistors in proportion to their individual values. This is why the correct answer is "divide the source voltage in proportion to their values".

Explanation

In a series circuit, resistors are connected end to end, so the same current flows through each resistor. According to Ohm's Law, the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to its resistance. Therefore, in a series circuit, the total voltage of the source is divided among the resistors in proportion to their individual values. This is why the correct answer is "divide the source voltage in proportion to their values".

45. How would you round off a value from 1.66 to 2.0?

Roundup(1.66)

Floor(1.66)

Roundto(1.66)

Ceil(1.66)

The ceil() function is used to round up a value to the nearest whole number. In this case, rounding up 1.66 will result in 2.0.

Explanation

The ceil() function is used to round up a value to the nearest whole number. In this case, rounding up 1.66 will result in 2.0.

46. Which protocol is lightweight?

MQTT

HTTP

CoAPP

SPI

MQTT is a lightweight protocol designed for efficient communication between devices with limited resources, such as sensors and small microcontrollers. It is known for its small code footprint, low bandwidth usage, and minimal processing requirements. MQTT uses a publish-subscribe model, allowing devices to subscribe to topics and receive messages only when they are relevant. In contrast, HTTP is a more heavyweight protocol primarily used for web communication, CoAPP is a lightweight protocol but not as widely adopted as MQTT, and SPI is a communication protocol used for connecting devices within a circuit.

Explanation

MQTT is a lightweight protocol designed for efficient communication between devices with limited resources, such as sensors and small microcontrollers. It is known for its small code footprint, low bandwidth usage, and minimal processing requirements. MQTT uses a publish-subscribe model, allowing devices to subscribe to topics and receive messages only when they are relevant. In contrast, HTTP is a more heavyweight protocol primarily used for web communication, CoAPP is a lightweight protocol but not as widely adopted as MQTT, and SPI is a communication protocol used for connecting devices within a circuit.

47. When a fourth resistor is connected in series with three resistors, the total resistance

Increases

Increases by one-fourth

Decreases

Remains the same

When a fourth resistor is connected in series with three resistors, the total resistance increases. This is because when resistors are connected in series, their resistances add up. Adding a fourth resistor means there is more resistance in the circuit, resulting in an overall increase in total resistance.

Explanation

When a fourth resistor is connected in series with three resistors, the total resistance increases. This is because when resistors are connected in series, their resistances add up. Adding a fourth resistor means there is more resistance in the circuit, resulting in an overall increase in total resistance.

48. What does the following declaration mean? int (*ptr)[10];

Ptr is array of pointers to 10 integers

Ptr is an array of 10 integers

Ptr is a pointer to an array of 10 integers

Ptr is an pointer to array

The declaration "int (*ptr)[10]" means that "ptr" is a pointer to an array of 10 integers. The parentheses around "*ptr" indicate that "ptr" is a pointer, and the "[10]" indicates that it is a pointer to an array of size 10.

Explanation

The declaration "int (*ptr)[10]" means that "ptr" is a pointer to an array of 10 integers. The parentheses around "*ptr" indicate that "ptr" is a pointer, and the "[10]" indicates that it is a pointer to an array of size 10.

49. If series current doubles, then:

Voltage is doubled

Resistance is halved

Voltage is reduced

Resistance is doubled

When the series current doubles, it means that more current is flowing through the circuit. According to Ohm's Law (V = IR), the voltage (V) across a resistor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it. Therefore, if the current doubles, the voltage across the resistor will also double. On the other hand, the resistance (R) in the circuit is inversely proportional to the current. So, if the current doubles, the resistance will be halved.

Explanation

When the series current doubles, it means that more current is flowing through the circuit. According to Ohm's Law (V = IR), the voltage (V) across a resistor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it. Therefore, if the current doubles, the voltage across the resistor will also double. On the other hand, the resistance (R) in the circuit is inversely proportional to the current. So, if the current doubles, the resistance will be halved.

50. The total power in a certain circuit is 12 W. Each of the four equal-value series resistors making up the circuit dissipates

48 W

12 W

8 W

3 W

The answer of 3 W is correct because it is stated in the question that the total power in the circuit is 12 W. Since there are four equal-value series resistors, each resistor must dissipate an equal amount of power. Therefore, if the total power is 12 W, and there are four resistors, each resistor must dissipate 12 W divided by 4, which is 3 W.

Explanation

The answer of 3 W is correct because it is stated in the question that the total power in the circuit is 12 W. Since there are four equal-value series resistors, each resistor must dissipate an equal amount of power. Therefore, if the total power is 12 W, and there are four resistors, each resistor must dissipate 12 W divided by 4, which is 3 W.

51. How will an open resistor affect a series circuit?

No current will flow in the circuit.

Current will flow around the open resistor.

Total resistance will decrease.

The open resistor will drop 0 V.

An open resistor in a series circuit will prevent the flow of current because there is a break in the circuit. When there is an open resistor, the current cannot pass through it and therefore cannot continue to flow through the rest of the circuit. This interruption in the circuit prevents any current from flowing, resulting in no current flowing in the circuit.

Explanation

An open resistor in a series circuit will prevent the flow of current because there is a break in the circuit. When there is an open resistor, the current cannot pass through it and therefore cannot continue to flow through the rest of the circuit. This interruption in the circuit prevents any current from flowing, resulting in no current flowing in the circuit.

52. If 5 V and 16 V power supplies are connected in series-opposing, what is the total voltage?

11v

21v

0v

-11v

When two power supplies are connected in series-opposing, it means that their positive terminals are connected to each other and their negative terminals are also connected to each other. In this case, the 5 V power supply will create a potential difference of +5 V, while the 16 V power supply will create a potential difference of -16 V. When these two voltages are added together, we get a total voltage of -11 V. Therefore, the correct answer is -11 V.

Explanation

When two power supplies are connected in series-opposing, it means that their positive terminals are connected to each other and their negative terminals are also connected to each other. In this case, the 5 V power supply will create a potential difference of +5 V, while the 16 V power supply will create a potential difference of -16 V. When these two voltages are added together, we get a total voltage of -11 V. Therefore, the correct answer is -11 V.

53. What is the default bootloader of the Arduino UNO?

Optiboot bootloader

AIR-boot

Bare box

GAG

The default bootloader of the Arduino UNO is the Optiboot bootloader. This bootloader is specifically designed for the Arduino UNO and is responsible for initializing the microcontroller and loading the sketch onto it. It allows for easy programming of the Arduino UNO through the USB connection and provides features such as automatic baud rate detection and faster upload speeds. The Optiboot bootloader is widely used and trusted in the Arduino community.

Explanation

The default bootloader of the Arduino UNO is the Optiboot bootloader. This bootloader is specifically designed for the Arduino UNO and is responsible for initializing the microcontroller and loading the sketch onto it. It allows for easy programming of the Arduino UNO through the USB connection and provides features such as automatic baud rate detection and faster upload speeds. The Optiboot bootloader is widely used and trusted in the Arduino community.

54. All the voltage drops and the source voltage added together in a series circuit is equal to

The total of the voltage drops

The source voltage

The total of the source voltage and the voltage drops

Zero

In a series circuit, the voltage drops across each component add up to equal the source voltage. This means that the sum of all the voltage drops and the source voltage is equal to the source voltage itself. Therefore, the correct answer is zero.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the voltage drops across each component add up to equal the source voltage. This means that the sum of all the voltage drops and the source voltage is equal to the source voltage itself. Therefore, the correct answer is zero.

55. Which bitwise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?

& operator

|| operator

&& operator

! operator

The & operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number because it performs a bitwise AND operation. By using this operator with a number and a mask that has all bits set to 1 except for the bit that needs to be turned off, the result will have the desired bit turned off while leaving the other bits unchanged.

Explanation

The & operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number because it performs a bitwise AND operation. By using this operator with a number and a mask that has all bits set to 1 except for the bit that needs to be turned off, the result will have the desired bit turned off while leaving the other bits unchanged.

56. If two resistors have the same voltage drop in a series circuit, it means:

They are connected in parallel

The voltage has doubled

They are of unequal value

They are of equal value

If two resistors have the same voltage drop in a series circuit, it means that they are of equal value. In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the resistors based on their resistance values. If both resistors have the same voltage drop, it indicates that they have the same resistance value and are therefore of equal value.

Explanation

If two resistors have the same voltage drop in a series circuit, it means that they are of equal value. In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the resistors based on their resistance values. If both resistors have the same voltage drop, it indicates that they have the same resistance value and are therefore of equal value.

57. In which numbering system can the binary number 1011011111000101 be easily converted to?

None of these

Hexadecimal system

Decimal system

Octal system

The binary number 1011011111000101 can be easily converted to the hexadecimal system because each digit in the binary number corresponds to a group of four digits in the hexadecimal system. Therefore, the binary number can be divided into groups of four digits (1011 0111 1100 0101) and each group can be converted to its equivalent hexadecimal digit (B 7 C 5).

Explanation

The binary number 1011011111000101 can be easily converted to the hexadecimal system because each digit in the binary number corresponds to a group of four digits in the hexadecimal system. Therefore, the binary number can be divided into groups of four digits (1011 0111 1100 0101) and each group can be converted to its equivalent hexadecimal digit (B 7 C 5).

58. With a total resistance of 3300 ohms and a 45 V source, if R3 is 1200 ohms, what will be its voltage drop?

16.36 V

12.36 V

22.36 V

12.36 V

The voltage drop across a resistor in a series circuit is directly proportional to its resistance. In this case, R3 has a resistance of 1200 ohms, which is less than the total resistance of the circuit. Therefore, the voltage drop across R3 will be less than the total voltage of 45 V. To calculate the voltage drop, we can use the formula V = IR, where V is the voltage drop, I is the current flowing through the resistor, and R is the resistance. Since the current is the same throughout a series circuit, we can calculate the current by dividing the total voltage by the total resistance: I = V/R = 45 V / 3300 ohms = 0.0136 A. Now, we can calculate the voltage drop across R3: V = IR = 0.0136 A * 1200 ohms = 16.36 V. Therefore, the voltage drop across R3 will be 16.36 V.

Explanation

The voltage drop across a resistor in a series circuit is directly proportional to its resistance. In this case, R3 has a resistance of 1200 ohms, which is less than the total resistance of the circuit. Therefore, the voltage drop across R3 will be less than the total voltage of 45 V. To calculate the voltage drop, we can use the formula V = IR, where V is the voltage drop, I is the current flowing through the resistor, and R is the resistance. Since the current is the same throughout a series circuit, we can calculate the current by dividing the total voltage by the total resistance: I = V/R = 45 V / 3300 ohms = 0.0136 A. Now, we can calculate the voltage drop across R3: V = IR = 0.0136 A * 1200 ohms = 16.36 V. Therefore, the voltage drop across R3 will be 16.36 V.

59. With 20 V applied, an 8-ohm resistor is in series with a lamp. When the lamp is removed, what voltage will be read across the lamp socket?

20v

0v

5v

8v

When the lamp is removed, the circuit becomes open and no current flows through the circuit. Therefore, no voltage drop occurs across the 8-ohm resistor or the lamp socket. As a result, the voltage read across the lamp socket will be 0V.

Explanation

When the lamp is removed, the circuit becomes open and no current flows through the circuit. Therefore, no voltage drop occurs across the 8-ohm resistor or the lamp socket. As a result, the voltage read across the lamp socket will be 0V.

60. A string of five series resistors is connected across a 6 V battery. Zero voltage is measured across all resistors except R3. The voltage across R3 is

1.2 V

0 V

3 V

6 V

In a series circuit, the total voltage across the resistors is equal to the voltage of the battery. Since zero voltage is measured across all resistors except R3, it means that the voltage drop occurs only across R3. Therefore, the voltage across R3 is equal to the total voltage of the battery, which is 6 V.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the total voltage across the resistors is equal to the voltage of the battery. Since zero voltage is measured across all resistors except R3, it means that the voltage drop occurs only across R3. Therefore, the voltage across R3 is equal to the total voltage of the battery, which is 6 V.

61. If three resistors of 1.5 kilohms, 470 ohms, and 3300 ohms are in series with a 25-volt source, what is the total circuit current?

4.7 mA

14.7 mA

100 mA

104.7 mA

The total circuit current can be calculated using Ohm's Law, which states that current is equal to voltage divided by resistance. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. Therefore, the total resistance in this circuit is 1.5 kilohms + 470 ohms + 3300 ohms = 4780 ohms. Using Ohm's Law, the total circuit current is 25 volts divided by 4780 ohms, which is approximately 0.0052 amperes or 5.2 mA. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.7 mA.

Explanation

The total circuit current can be calculated using Ohm's Law, which states that current is equal to voltage divided by resistance. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. Therefore, the total resistance in this circuit is 1.5 kilohms + 470 ohms + 3300 ohms = 4780 ohms. Using Ohm's Law, the total circuit current is 25 volts divided by 4780 ohms, which is approximately 0.0052 amperes or 5.2 mA. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.7 mA.

62. A float occupies 4 bytes. If the hexadecimal equivalent of these 4 bytes are A, B, C and D, then when this float is stored in memory in which of the following order do these bytes gets stored?

ABCD

Depends on big endian or little endian architecture

0xABCD

DCBA

The order in which the bytes of a float are stored in memory depends on the big endian or little endian architecture of the system. In big endian architecture, the most significant byte (MSB) is stored first, followed by the next most significant byte, and so on. In little endian architecture, the least significant byte (LSB) is stored first, followed by the next least significant byte, and so on. Therefore, without knowing the specific architecture, it is not possible to determine the order in which the bytes are stored.

Explanation

The order in which the bytes of a float are stored in memory depends on the big endian or little endian architecture of the system. In big endian architecture, the most significant byte (MSB) is stored first, followed by the next most significant byte, and so on. In little endian architecture, the least significant byte (LSB) is stored first, followed by the next least significant byte, and so on. Therefore, without knowing the specific architecture, it is not possible to determine the order in which the bytes are stored.

63. Increasing the frequency of operation of an processor is called as

Overclocking

Speeding

Rubbing

Hyper-threading

Overclocking refers to the process of increasing the frequency or clock speed of a processor beyond its default or recommended settings. This is done to achieve higher performance and faster processing speeds. By increasing the frequency, the processor can perform more operations per second, resulting in improved performance in tasks that are CPU-intensive. Overclocking is commonly used by gamers and computer enthusiasts to enhance the performance of their systems, but it can also lead to increased heat generation and potential stability issues if not done properly.

Explanation

Overclocking refers to the process of increasing the frequency or clock speed of a processor beyond its default or recommended settings. This is done to achieve higher performance and faster processing speeds. By increasing the frequency, the processor can perform more operations per second, resulting in improved performance in tasks that are CPU-intensive. Overclocking is commonly used by gamers and computer enthusiasts to enhance the performance of their systems, but it can also lead to increased heat generation and potential stability issues if not done properly.

64. A short circuit has:

Too much resistance

No conductance

No resistance

Low current

A short circuit is a connection with no resistance, meaning there is no opposition to the flow of electric current. In a short circuit, the electrical current takes the path of least resistance, bypassing the intended circuit and causing a high flow of current. This can lead to overheating, damage to the circuit, and potentially dangerous situations. Therefore, the correct answer is "no resistance."

Explanation

A short circuit is a connection with no resistance, meaning there is no opposition to the flow of electric current. In a short circuit, the electrical current takes the path of least resistance, bypassing the intended circuit and causing a high flow of current. This can lead to overheating, damage to the circuit, and potentially dangerous situations. Therefore, the correct answer is "no resistance."

65. Which of the following is not logical operator?

||

&&

&

!

The logical operators in programming are used to combine multiple conditions and evaluate their truth values. The operators || (OR) and && (AND) are logical operators that combine two conditions and return true or false based on the evaluation of the conditions. The operator & is not a logical operator, but a bitwise AND operator that performs a bitwise AND operation on the individual bits of two numbers. Therefore, it is not considered a logical operator. The ! (NOT) operator is also a logical operator that negates the truth value of a condition.

Explanation

The logical operators in programming are used to combine multiple conditions and evaluate their truth values. The operators || (OR) and && (AND) are logical operators that combine two conditions and return true or false based on the evaluation of the conditions. The operator & is not a logical operator, but a bitwise AND operator that performs a bitwise AND operation on the individual bits of two numbers. Therefore, it is not considered a logical operator. The ! (NOT) operator is also a logical operator that negates the truth value of a condition.

66. The voltage drop across a series resistor is proportional to what other value?

Its own resistance

The amount of time the circuit is on

Wattage rating

Total resistance

The voltage drop across a series resistor is directly proportional to its own resistance. This means that as the resistance of the resistor increases, the voltage drop across it also increases. Conversely, if the resistance decreases, the voltage drop across it decreases as well. This relationship is described by Ohm's Law, which states that the voltage drop (V) across a resistor is equal to the current (I) flowing through it multiplied by its resistance (R), V = I * R. Therefore, the voltage drop across a series resistor is dependent on its own resistance.

Explanation

The voltage drop across a series resistor is directly proportional to its own resistance. This means that as the resistance of the resistor increases, the voltage drop across it also increases. Conversely, if the resistance decreases, the voltage drop across it decreases as well. This relationship is described by Ohm's Law, which states that the voltage drop (V) across a resistor is equal to the current (I) flowing through it multiplied by its resistance (R), V = I * R. Therefore, the voltage drop across a series resistor is dependent on its own resistance.

67. Resistance in a series circuit will:

Oppose current

Halve the power

Double the current

Control the voltage

In a series circuit, the resistance opposes the flow of current. This means that the resistance restricts the flow of electrons, creating a hindrance to the current. As a result, the resistance causes the current to decrease in magnitude. Therefore, the correct answer is "oppose current".

Explanation

In a series circuit, the resistance opposes the flow of current. This means that the resistance restricts the flow of electrons, creating a hindrance to the current. As a result, the resistance causes the current to decrease in magnitude. Therefore, the correct answer is "oppose current".

68. When a battery is connected to a series circuit, it delivers current based only upon:

Total resistance

Average resistance

Primary/secondary difference

The polarity connections

When a battery is connected to a series circuit, the amount of current it delivers is determined by the total resistance in the circuit. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances of all the components connected in series. The higher the total resistance, the lower the current delivered by the battery, and vice versa. Therefore, the current delivered by the battery is based solely on the total resistance in the circuit.

Explanation

When a battery is connected to a series circuit, the amount of current it delivers is determined by the total resistance in the circuit. In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances of all the components connected in series. The higher the total resistance, the lower the current delivered by the battery, and vice versa. Therefore, the current delivered by the battery is based solely on the total resistance in the circuit.

69. Which of the following cannot be checked in a switch-case statement?

Float

Integer

Character

Enum

A switch-case statement in most programming languages can only check for integer or character values. It cannot directly check for float values because floating-point numbers are not discrete values like integers or characters. However, in some programming languages, such as C++, it is possible to use a workaround by converting the float value to an integer or character before using it in a switch-case statement.

Explanation

A switch-case statement in most programming languages can only check for integer or character values. It cannot directly check for float values because floating-point numbers are not discrete values like integers or characters. However, in some programming languages, such as C++, it is possible to use a workaround by converting the float value to an integer or character before using it in a switch-case statement.

70. What will you do to treat the constant 3.14 as a long double?

Use 3.14LD

Use 3.14L

Use 3.14DL

Use 3.14LF

To treat the constant 3.14 as a long double, the "L" suffix should be used. This suffix is used to indicate that the constant should be treated as a long double data type.

Explanation

To treat the constant 3.14 as a long double, the "L" suffix should be used. This suffix is used to indicate that the constant should be treated as a long double data type.

71. An 8-ohm resistor is in series with a lamp. The circuit current is 1 A. With 20 V applied, what voltage is being allowed for the lamp?

9v

12v

4v

20v

In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the resistors. The voltage across each component depends on its resistance. In this case, the circuit consists of an 8-ohm resistor and a lamp. Since the total circuit current is 1 A and the resistance of the resistor is 8 ohms, the voltage drop across the resistor can be calculated using Ohm's Law (V = I * R), which gives us 1 A * 8 ohms = 8 V. Therefore, the remaining voltage of 20 V - 8 V = 12 V is being allowed for the lamp.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the resistors. The voltage across each component depends on its resistance. In this case, the circuit consists of an 8-ohm resistor and a lamp. Since the total circuit current is 1 A and the resistance of the resistor is 8 ohms, the voltage drop across the resistor can be calculated using Ohm's Law (V = I * R), which gives us 1 A * 8 ohms = 8 V. Therefore, the remaining voltage of 20 V - 8 V = 12 V is being allowed for the lamp.

72. Is there any difference between following declarations? 1 : extern int fun(); 2 : int fun();

Both are identical

No difference, except extern int fun(); is probably in another file

Int fun(); is overrided with extern int fun();

None of these

The two declarations are essentially the same, except that "extern int fun();" suggests that the function "fun()" is defined in another file. Both declarations indicate that there is a function named "fun()" that returns an integer.

Explanation

The two declarations are essentially the same, except that "extern int fun();" suggests that the function "fun()" is defined in another file. Both declarations indicate that there is a function named "fun()" that returns an integer.

73. MQTT is _________ protocol.

Machine to Machine

Internet of Things

Machine to Machine and Internet of Things

Machine Things

MQTT is a protocol that is used for both Machine to Machine (M2M) communication and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is designed to be lightweight and efficient, making it ideal for sending and receiving data between devices in M2M scenarios as well as connecting IoT devices to the internet. MQTT enables devices to publish and subscribe to topics, allowing for efficient and reliable communication between various devices and applications in both M2M and IoT environments.

Explanation

MQTT is a protocol that is used for both Machine to Machine (M2M) communication and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is designed to be lightweight and efficient, making it ideal for sending and receiving data between devices in M2M scenarios as well as connecting IoT devices to the internet. MQTT enables devices to publish and subscribe to topics, allowing for efficient and reliable communication between various devices and applications in both M2M and IoT environments.

74. Which standard library function will you use to find the last occurance of a character in a string in C?

Strnchar()

Strrchar()

Strrchr()

Strchar()

The strrchr() function is the correct answer because it is a standard library function in C that is used to find the last occurrence of a character in a string. This function takes two arguments - the string in which to search for the character, and the character to be found. It returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character in the string, or NULL if the character is not found.

Explanation

The strrchr() function is the correct answer because it is a standard library function in C that is used to find the last occurrence of a character in a string. This function takes two arguments - the string in which to search for the character, and the character to be found. It returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character in the string, or NULL if the character is not found.

75. If a variable is a pointer to a structure, then which of the following operator is used to access data members of the structure through the pointer variable?

*

;

.

->

The -> operator is used to access data members of a structure through a pointer variable. This operator is used when the variable is a pointer to a structure, allowing us to access the members of the structure using the pointer.

Explanation

The -> operator is used to access data members of a structure through a pointer variable. This operator is used when the variable is a pointer to a structure, allowing us to access the members of the structure using the pointer.

76. Which of the following statements should be used to obtain a remainder after dividing 3.14 by 2.1 ?

Rem = 3.14 % 2.1;

Rem = fmod(3.14, 2.1);

Rem = modf(3.14, 2.1);

Remainder cannot be obtain in floating point division.

The function fmod(3.14, 2.1) should be used to obtain the remainder after dividing 3.14 by 2.1.

Explanation

The function fmod(3.14, 2.1) should be used to obtain the remainder after dividing 3.14 by 2.1.

77. What is stderr ?

Standard error streams

Standard error types

Standard error

Standard error definitions

stderr stands for standard error, which is a stream used by computer programs to output error messages or diagnostic information. It is a separate stream from the standard output (stdout) stream, which is used for regular program output. By using stderr, programs can distinguish between regular output and error messages, making it easier for users to identify and address any issues that may occur during program execution. Therefore, the correct answer is "standard error streams".

Explanation

stderr stands for standard error, which is a stream used by computer programs to output error messages or diagnostic information. It is a separate stream from the standard output (stdout) stream, which is used for regular program output. By using stderr, programs can distinguish between regular output and error messages, making it easier for users to identify and address any issues that may occur during program execution. Therefore, the correct answer is "standard error streams".

78. What will happen if in a C program you assign a value to an array element whose subscript exceeds the size of array?

The program may crash if some important data gets overwritten.

The array size would appropriately grow.

The element will be set to 0.

The compiler would report an error.

If a value is assigned to an array element whose subscript exceeds the size of the array, it means that the program is trying to access memory beyond the allocated space for the array. This can lead to overwriting important data that may be stored in that memory location. As a result, the program may crash or behave unexpectedly.

Explanation

If a value is assigned to an array element whose subscript exceeds the size of the array, it means that the program is trying to access memory beyond the allocated space for the array. This can lead to overwriting important data that may be stored in that memory location. As a result, the program may crash or behave unexpectedly.

79. In C, if you pass an array as an argument to a function, what actually gets passed?

First element of the array

Base address of the array

Value of elements in array

Address of the last element of array

When you pass an array as an argument to a function in C, only the base address of the array is actually passed. This means that the memory address of the first element of the array is passed to the function. By using this base address, the function can access and manipulate the elements of the array.

Explanation

When you pass an array as an argument to a function in C, only the base address of the array is actually passed. This means that the memory address of the first element of the array is passed to the function. By using this base address, the function can access and manipulate the elements of the array.

80. What is the value of this resistor?

56k Ohms

5.4k Ohms

43 Ohms

560 Ohms

The value of the resistor is 56k Ohms.

Explanation

The value of the resistor is 56k Ohms.

81. What is the value of the resistor?

10M Ohms

100M Ohms

1M Ohms

10K Ohms

The value of the resistor is 10M Ohms.

Explanation

The value of the resistor is 10M Ohms.

82. Which of the following is the correct order of evaluation for the below expression? z = x + y * z / 4 % 2 – 1

/ * % - + =

= * / % + -

* % / - + =

* / % + - =

The correct order of evaluation for the expression is as follows: first, the multiplication operation is performed (y * z), then the division operation (z / 4), followed by the modulo operation (% 2), and finally the addition (x + result of previous operations) and subtraction (- 1) operations are performed. This order of evaluation follows the precedence rules of arithmetic operations.

Explanation

The correct order of evaluation for the expression is as follows: first, the multiplication operation is performed (y * z), then the division operation (z / 4), followed by the modulo operation (% 2), and finally the addition (x + result of previous operations) and subtraction (- 1) operations are performed. This order of evaluation follows the precedence rules of arithmetic operations.

83. To measure the current out of the second resistor in a circuit consisting of four resistors in series, an ammeter can be placed

At any point

At the negative terminal of the source

Between the third and fourth resistors

Between the second and third resistors

In a series circuit, the current remains the same at any point. This is because there is only one path for the current to flow through, and the same amount of current passes through each component. Therefore, placing an ammeter at any point in the circuit will measure the same current flowing through the second resistor.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the current remains the same at any point. This is because there is only one path for the current to flow through, and the same amount of current passes through each component. Therefore, placing an ammeter at any point in the circuit will measure the same current flowing through the second resistor.

84. Which board is first to use microcontroller with in-built USB?

LilyPad

UNO

Redboard

Leonardo

The Leonardo board is the first to use a microcontroller with an in-built USB. This means that the Leonardo board can be easily connected to a computer without the need for an external USB-to-serial converter. This feature makes it convenient for programming and communication purposes, making it a popular choice among developers and makers.

Explanation

The Leonardo board is the first to use a microcontroller with an in-built USB. This means that the Leonardo board can be easily connected to a computer without the need for an external USB-to-serial converter. This feature makes it convenient for programming and communication purposes, making it a popular choice among developers and makers.

85. We want to round off x, a float, to an int value, The correct way to do is

Y = (int)(x + 0.5)

Y = (int)x + 0.5

Y = int(x + 0.5)

Y = (int)((int)x + 0.5)

To round off a float value to the nearest integer, we can add 0.5 to the float value and then cast it to an int data type. This is because adding 0.5 will ensure that the float value is properly rounded up or down. The correct way to do this is by using the expression "y = (int)(x + 0.5)".

Explanation

To round off a float value to the nearest integer, we can add 0.5 to the float value and then cast it to an int data type. This is because adding 0.5 will ensure that the float value is properly rounded up or down. The correct way to do this is by using the expression "y = (int)(x + 0.5)".

86. When one of three series resistors is removed from a circuit and the circuit is reconnected, the current

Increases

Increases by one-third

Decreases by one-third

Decreases by the amount of current through the removed resistor

When one of the three series resistors is removed from a circuit and the circuit is reconnected, the current increases. This is because when a resistor is removed, the total resistance in the circuit decreases. According to Ohm's Law (V = IR), if the resistance decreases and the voltage stays the same, the current must increase to maintain the same voltage-current relationship. Therefore, removing a resistor from a circuit will result in an increase in current.

Explanation

When one of the three series resistors is removed from a circuit and the circuit is reconnected, the current increases. This is because when a resistor is removed, the total resistance in the circuit decreases. According to Ohm's Law (V = IR), if the resistance decreases and the voltage stays the same, the current must increase to maintain the same voltage-current relationship. Therefore, removing a resistor from a circuit will result in an increase in current.

87. Given a series circuit containing resistors of different values, which statement is not true?

The current through each resistor is the same.

The sum of the voltage drops across each resistive element will be equal.

The total resistance is the sum of the value of the resistors.

The voltage drop across each resistor is the same.

In a series circuit, the current through each resistor is the same because there is only one path for the current to flow. The sum of the voltage drops across each resistive element will be equal because the total voltage supplied by the source is divided among the resistors. The total resistance is the sum of the value of the resistors because resistors in a series circuit add up to increase the overall resistance. However, the voltage drop across each resistor is not the same because it depends on the resistance value of each resistor. The voltage drop across a resistor is directly proportional to its resistance.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the current through each resistor is the same because there is only one path for the current to flow. The sum of the voltage drops across each resistive element will be equal because the total voltage supplied by the source is divided among the resistors. The total resistance is the sum of the value of the resistors because resistors in a series circuit add up to increase the overall resistance. However, the voltage drop across each resistor is not the same because it depends on the resistance value of each resistor. The voltage drop across a resistor is directly proportional to its resistance.

88. There are five resistors in a given series circuit and each resistor has 6 V dropped across it. The source voltage

Is 30 V

Is 6 V

Depends on the current flow

Depends on the resistor values

In a series circuit, the total voltage across the resistors is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each resistor. Since each resistor has 6 V dropped across it and there are five resistors, the total voltage across the resistors is 6 V + 6 V + 6 V + 6 V + 6 V = 30 V. Therefore, the source voltage in this circuit is 30 V.

Explanation

In a series circuit, the total voltage across the resistors is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each resistor. Since each resistor has 6 V dropped across it and there are five resistors, the total voltage across the resistors is 6 V + 6 V + 6 V + 6 V + 6 V = 30 V. Therefore, the source voltage in this circuit is 30 V.

89. One of the most common applications of a potentiometer is as an adjustable voltage divider, also known as

Volume control

Voltage control

Current control

Divider control

A potentiometer is commonly used as an adjustable voltage divider, allowing the user to control the output voltage by adjusting the position of the wiper along the resistive track. This makes it an ideal component for volume control in audio systems, where the user can adjust the voltage level to control the volume of the output sound.

Explanation

A potentiometer is commonly used as an adjustable voltage divider, allowing the user to control the output voltage by adjusting the position of the wiper along the resistive track. This makes it an ideal component for volume control in audio systems, where the user can adjust the voltage level to control the volume of the output sound.

90. Which bitwise operator is suitable for turning on a particular bit in a number?

|| operator

& operator

| operator

&& operator

The | operator is suitable for turning on a particular bit in a number. This operator performs a bitwise OR operation, which means that if any of the corresponding bits in the operands are 1, the result will be 1. Therefore, by using the | operator with a specific bit pattern and a number, we can turn on the corresponding bit in the number by setting it to 1 while leaving the other bits unchanged.

Explanation

The | operator is suitable for turning on a particular bit in a number. This operator performs a bitwise OR operation, which means that if any of the corresponding bits in the operands are 1, the result will be 1. Therefore, by using the | operator with a specific bit pattern and a number, we can turn on the corresponding bit in the number by setting it to 1 while leaving the other bits unchanged.

91. Which is the software or a programming language used for controlling of Arduino?

Any language

C

Java

Python

The correct answer is "Any language" because Arduino can be programmed using various programming languages such as C, C++, Java, Python, and more. Arduino provides a flexible platform that allows users to choose the programming language they are most comfortable with for controlling and interacting with the Arduino board. This flexibility makes Arduino accessible to a wide range of developers and enthusiasts.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Any language" because Arduino can be programmed using various programming languages such as C, C++, Java, Python, and more. Arduino provides a flexible platform that allows users to choose the programming language they are most comfortable with for controlling and interacting with the Arduino board. This flexibility makes Arduino accessible to a wide range of developers and enthusiasts.

92. PubNub publishes and subscribes _________ in order to send and receive messages.

Network

Account

Portal

Keys

PubNub uses keys to authenticate and identify publishers and subscribers. These keys are essential for sending and receiving messages over the PubNub network. They help ensure that only authorized users can access the system and maintain the security and integrity of the communication process. Without the use of keys, PubNub would not be able to establish a secure and reliable messaging system.

Explanation

PubNub uses keys to authenticate and identify publishers and subscribers. These keys are essential for sending and receiving messages over the PubNub network. They help ensure that only authorized users can access the system and maintain the security and integrity of the communication process. Without the use of keys, PubNub would not be able to establish a secure and reliable messaging system.

93. Which of the following is the correct usage of conditional operators used in C?

Max = a>b ? a>c?a:c:b>c?b:c

A>b ? c=30 : c=40;

A>b ? c=30;

Return (a>b)?(a:b)

The correct usage of conditional operators in C is demonstrated in the given answer: max = a>b ? a>c?a:c:b>c?b:c. This expression uses nested conditional operators to determine the maximum value among three variables (a, b, and c). It first checks if a is greater than b, and if so, it checks if a is greater than c. If both conditions are true, the value of a is assigned to max. If the first condition is true but the second is false, the value of c is assigned to max. If the first condition is false, it checks if b is greater than c. If true, the value of b is assigned to max. Otherwise, the value of c is assigned to max.

Explanation

The correct usage of conditional operators in C is demonstrated in the given answer: max = a>b ? a>c?a:c:b>c?b:c. This expression uses nested conditional operators to determine the maximum value among three variables (a, b, and c). It first checks if a is greater than b, and if so, it checks if a is greater than c. If both conditions are true, the value of a is assigned to max. If the first condition is true but the second is false, the value of c is assigned to max. If the first condition is false, it checks if b is greater than c. If true, the value of b is assigned to max. Otherwise, the value of c is assigned to max.

94. What is the purpose of fflush() function.

Flushes input/output buffer.

Flushes all streams and specified streams.

Flushes file buffer.

Lushes only specified stream.

The fflush() function is used to flush the output buffer and write any buffered data to the output file. It is commonly used when we want to ensure that all the data written to a file is immediately saved to the disk. The correct answer, "flushes all streams and specified streams," accurately describes the purpose of the fflush() function. It flushes not only the specified stream but also all other streams, ensuring that the data is written to the appropriate files.

Explanation

The fflush() function is used to flush the output buffer and write any buffered data to the output file. It is commonly used when we want to ensure that all the data written to a file is immediately saved to the disk. The correct answer, "flushes all streams and specified streams," accurately describes the purpose of the fflush() function. It flushes not only the specified stream but also all other streams, ensuring that the data is written to the appropriate files.

95. Kirchhoff's voltage law states that:

The sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage

The algebraic sum of the individual currents around a closed loop is zero

The algebraic sum of the resistances is equal to the sum of the voltages

The voltages developed across each element in a series circuit are identica

Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage. This means that the voltage across each component in a series circuit adds up to the total voltage supplied by the source. In other words, the sum of the individual voltage drops across resistors, capacitors, or inductors connected in series will always be equal to the voltage supplied by the source. This law is based on the conservation of energy principle and is a fundamental concept in electrical circuit analysis.

Explanation

Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the sum of the voltage drops in a series circuit is equal to the total applied voltage. This means that the voltage across each component in a series circuit adds up to the total voltage supplied by the source. In other words, the sum of the individual voltage drops across resistors, capacitors, or inductors connected in series will always be equal to the voltage supplied by the source. This law is based on the conservation of energy principle and is a fundamental concept in electrical circuit analysis.

96. What are the different types of real data type in C ?

Float, double, long double

Short int, double, long int

Float, double

Double, long int, float

The different types of real data types in C are float, double, and long double. These data types are used to store decimal numbers with varying levels of precision. Float is a single-precision floating-point number, double is a double-precision floating-point number, and long double is an extended-precision floating-point number. These data types allow for the representation of a wide range of real numbers in C programming.

Explanation

The different types of real data types in C are float, double, and long double. These data types are used to store decimal numbers with varying levels of precision. Float is a single-precision floating-point number, double is a double-precision floating-point number, and long double is an extended-precision floating-point number. These data types allow for the representation of a wide range of real numbers in C programming.

97. In a file contains the line "I am a boy\r\n" then on reading this line into the array str using fgets(). What will str contain?

"I am a boy\n\0"

"I am a boy"

"I am a boy\r\n\0"

"I am a boy\r\0"

When the line "I am a boy\r" is read into the array str using fgets(), it will contain "I am a boy" followed by the null character '\0'. The '\r' character represents a carriage return and is considered part of the line. However, when fgets() reads the line, it stops reading when it encounters the '\r' character and does not include it in the array. Therefore, the array str will contain "I am a boy" followed by the null character '\0'.

Explanation

When the line "I am a boy\r" is read into the array str using fgets(), it will contain "I am a boy" followed by the null character '\0'. The '\r' character represents a carriage return and is considered part of the line. However, when fgets() reads the line, it stops reading when it encounters the '\r' character and does not include it in the array. Therefore, the array str will contain "I am a boy" followed by the null character '\0'.

98. How many types of arduinos do we have?

8

7

6

5

There are 8 types of Arduinos available.

Explanation

There are 8 types of Arduinos available.

99. Arduino shields are also called as_________

Extra peripherals

Add on modules

Connectivity modules

Another Arduinos

Arduino shields are additional modules that can be added on top of an Arduino board to provide extra functionality. These modules are designed to fit directly onto the Arduino board, making it easy to expand the capabilities of the Arduino. They can add features such as WiFi connectivity, motor control, LCD displays, and more. Therefore, the term "add on modules" accurately describes Arduino shields.

Explanation

Arduino shields are additional modules that can be added on top of an Arduino board to provide extra functionality. These modules are designed to fit directly onto the Arduino board, making it easy to expand the capabilities of the Arduino. They can add features such as WiFi connectivity, motor control, LCD displays, and more. Therefore, the term "add on modules" accurately describes Arduino shields.

100. The keyword used to transfer control from a function back to the calling function is

Switch

Goto

Go backr

Return

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

Round 1 Esdt-l2a Ncet 12-04

1. This is a

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Does Arduino provides IDE Environment?

3. What are the types of linkages?

4. What determines the total resistance in a series circuit?

5. Specify the 2 library functions to dynamically allocate memory?

6. MQTT stands for _____________

7. What is the microcontroller used in Arduino UNO?

8. With a 900 V source, voltage is divided across 3 series resistors of 300 V, 280 V, and:

9. How will you free the allocated memory ?

10. Which equation determines individual resistor voltage drop?

11. Input/output function prototypes and macros are defined in which header file?

12. Which header file should be included to use functions like malloc() and calloc()?

13. Which of the following special symbol allowed in a variable name?

14. Which of the following correctly shows the hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C?

15. If series resistors dissipate 16 mW, 107 mW, 146 mW, and 243 mW, what is the total power consumed by the circuit?

16. If a 6 V and a 9 V source are connected series aiding, the total voltage is

17. What is (void*)0?

18. Five resistors are connected in a series and there is a current of 3 A into the first resistor. The amount of current into the second resistor is

19. Does the level shifter converts the voltage levels between RS-232 and transistor-transistor logic.

20. ___________ are pre built circuit boards that fit on top of Arduino

21. This component is

22. What is the similarity between a structure, union and enumeration?

23. What function should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc() ?

24. What will the function rewind() do?

25. How many analog pins are used in Arduino Mega board?

26. MQTT is better than HTTP in IOT application for sending & receiving data

27. How many digital pins are there in the UNO board?

28. Is a symbol of

29. Arduino IDE consists of 2 functions. What are they

30. The binary equivalent of 5.375 is

31. In a series circuit, the voltage measured across a short will be:

32. Power is defined as:

33. A series circuit schematic is recognized because all the components are connected:

34. What will you do to treat the constant 3.14 as a float?

35. A series circuit current:

36. How many bytes are occupied by near, far and huge pointers (DOS)?

37. What does p refer to in ATmega328p

38. A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called _________

39. What will the function randomize() do in Turbo C under DOS?

40. If the resistance total in a series circuit doubles, current will:

41. In mathematics and computer programming, which is the correct order of mathematical operators ?

42. If a 24 V and a 6 V battery are series opposing, the total voltage is

43. In which stage the following code #include gets replaced by the contents of the file stdio.h

44. A string of resistors in a series circuit will:

45. How would you round off a value from 1.66 to 2.0?

46. Which protocol is lightweight?

47. When a fourth resistor is connected in series with three resistors, the total resistance

48. What does the following declaration mean? int (*ptr)[10];

49. If series current doubles, then:

50. The total power in a certain circuit is 12 W. Each of the four equal-value series resistors making up the circuit dissipates

51. How will an open resistor affect a series circuit?

52. If 5 V and 16 V power supplies are connected in series-opposing, what is the total voltage?

53. What is the default bootloader of the Arduino UNO?

54. All the voltage drops and the source voltage added together in a series circuit is equal to

55. Which bitwise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?

56. If two resistors have the same voltage drop in a series circuit, it means:

57. In which numbering system can the binary number 1011011111000101 be easily converted to?

58. With a total resistance of 3300 ohms and a 45 V source, if R3 is 1200 ohms, what will be its voltage drop?

59. With 20 V applied, an 8-ohm resistor is in series with a lamp. When the lamp is removed, what voltage will be read across the lamp socket?

60. A string of five series resistors is connected across a 6 V battery. Zero voltage is measured across all resistors except R3. The voltage across R3 is

61. If three resistors of 1.5 kilohms, 470 ohms, and 3300 ohms are in series with a 25-volt source, what is the total circuit current?

62. A float occupies 4 bytes. If the hexadecimal equivalent of these 4 bytes are A, B, C and D, then when this float is stored in memory in which of the following order do these bytes gets stored?

63. Increasing the frequency of operation of an processor is called as

64. A short circuit has:

65. Which of the following is not logical operator?

66. The voltage drop across a series resistor is proportional to what other value?

67. Resistance in a series circuit will:

68. When a battery is connected to a series circuit, it delivers current based only upon:

69. Which of the following cannot be checked in a switch-case statement?

70. What will you do to treat the constant 3.14 as a long double?

71. An 8-ohm resistor is in series with a lamp. The circuit current is 1 A. With 20 V applied, what voltage is being allowed for the lamp?

72. Is there any difference between following declarations? 1 : extern int fun(); 2 : int fun();

73. MQTT is _________ protocol.

74. Which standard library function will you use to find the last occurance of a character in a string in C?

75. If a variable is a pointer to a structure, then which of the following operator is used to access data members of the structure through the pointer variable?

76. Which of the following statements should be used to obtain a remainder after dividing 3.14 by 2.1 ?

77. What is stderr ?