Endocrine System: Trivia Exam! MCQ Quiz
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
The decrease of hormone receptors decreases the sensitivity to the hormone is?
- A.
Down-regulation
- B.
Up-regulation
- C.
Activation
- D.
Inhibition
Correct Answer
A. Down-regulationExplanation
Down-regulation refers to a decrease in the number or sensitivity of hormone receptors on the cell surface. This results in a decreased response to the hormone, as the reduced number of receptors makes it more difficult for the hormone to bind and elicit a cellular response. Therefore, the decrease of hormone receptors decreases the sensitivity to the hormone, which is consistent with down-regulation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of these hormones is a steroid Hormone?
- A.
Catecholamines
- B.
Cortisol
- C.
GH
- D.
ADH
Correct Answer
B. CortisolExplanation
Cortisol is a steroid hormone because it is synthesized from cholesterol and belongs to the glucocorticoid class of steroid hormones. It is produced in the adrenal cortex and plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Unlike Catecholamines, GH (Growth Hormone), and ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), which are not steroid hormones, cortisol acts by binding to intracellular receptors and altering gene expression.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of these hormones has Cytoplasmic Receptors?
- A.
Insulin
- B.
GH
- C.
PTH
- D.
Cortisol
Correct Answer
D. CortisolExplanation
Cortisol is the correct answer because it is a steroid hormone that can easily pass through the cell membrane and bind to cytoplasmic receptors. These receptors are located inside the cell and once cortisol binds to them, it can enter the nucleus and regulate gene expression. In contrast, insulin, GH, and PTH are peptide hormones that bind to cell surface receptors and activate signaling pathways without entering the cell.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Calcitonin Is a hormone secreted by the Para-follicular cells of thyroid glands to:
- A.
Increases the blood calcium levels
- B.
Decreases the blood calcium levels
- C.
Increases osteoclast activities
- D.
Non of the above
Correct Answer
B. Decreases the blood calcium levelsExplanation
Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the Para-follicular cells of the thyroid glands that decreases the blood calcium levels. It does this by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue and releasing calcium into the bloodstream. Therefore, calcitonin helps to regulate calcium levels in the body by promoting calcium deposition in bones and reducing its release into the bloodstream.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Estrogen inhibits anterior pituitary hormone FSH. it is considered as:
- A.
Long Negative feed back
- B.
Short Negative feed back
- C.
Short positive feed back
- D.
Long positive feed back
Correct Answer
B. Short Negative feed backExplanation
Estrogen inhibiting anterior pituitary hormone FSH indicates a negative feedback mechanism. In this case, it is a short negative feedback because the inhibition of FSH release by estrogen occurs relatively quickly and directly. This feedback mechanism helps regulate the levels of FSH in the body, preventing excessive production.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of these hormones increasing renal sodium excretion?
- A.
ANP
- B.
ABP
- C.
Aldosterone
- D.
PTH
Correct Answer
A. ANPExplanation
ANP, or atrial natriuretic peptide, is a hormone that is released by the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure. It acts on the kidneys to increase sodium excretion, which helps to decrease blood volume and pressure. Therefore, ANP is the hormone that increases renal sodium excretion.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Cortisol & corticosterone are:
- A.
Mineralocorticoids
- B.
Catecholamines
- C.
Glucocorticoids
- D.
Anterior pituitary hormones
Correct Answer
C. GlucocorticoidsExplanation
Cortisol and corticosterone are classified as glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are a type of steroid hormone that are released by the adrenal glands in response to stress. They play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes such as metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. Cortisol and corticosterone are involved in the body's response to stress by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing the immune system, and aiding in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Release of other endocrine glands hormones by the trophic hormones of the anterior pituitary example of?
- A.
Neural Stimuli
- B.
Humoral Stimuli
- C.
Hormonal regulation
- D.
Hormonal Stimuli
Correct Answer
D. Hormonal StimuliExplanation
The release of other endocrine glands hormones by the trophic hormones of the anterior pituitary is an example of hormonal stimuli. The trophic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland stimulate the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. This process is regulated by the hormonal signals sent by the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn stimulate the production and release of hormones from the target glands.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of these hormones needs a second messenger?
- A.
GH
- B.
Insulin
- C.
PTH
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the hormones mentioned in the options (GH, insulin, and PTH) require a second messenger. A second messenger is a molecule that relays signals from the hormone receptor on the cell surface to the cell's interior, initiating a cascade of intracellular events. These hormones cannot directly enter the cell and therefore rely on second messengers to transmit their signals and elicit a response within the cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Oxytocin stimulates milk production.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Oxytocin does not stimulate milk production. It is responsible for the let-down reflex, which helps in the release of milk from the breast during breastfeeding. However, the actual production of milk is primarily regulated by the hormone prolactin. Therefore, the statement that oxytocin stimulates milk production is false.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) maintain homeostasis of water by:
- A.
Decrease water reabsorption from the CD and Increase water excretion
- B.
Decrease water reabsorption from the CD and Decrease water excretion
- C.
Increase water reabsorption from the CD and Decrease water excretion
- D.
Increase water reabsorption from the CD and Increase water excretion
Correct Answer
C. Increase water reabsorption from the CD and Decrease water excretionExplanation
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps maintain water homeostasis by increasing water reabsorption from the collecting duct (CD) and decreasing water excretion. This means that ADH allows the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urine, reducing the amount of water that is lost in the urine and helping to conserve water in the body. This mechanism helps to prevent dehydration and maintain the balance of water in the body.Rate this question:
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- 12.
ADH and Oxytocin are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and secrete from the hypothalamus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin are not synthesized in the posterior pituitary. Instead, they are synthesized in the hypothalamus and then transported and stored in the posterior pituitary. From there, they are released into the bloodstream when needed. Therefore, the statement that ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and secrete from the hypothalamus is false.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Its deficiency in children results in dwarfism.
- A.
IGF-2
- B.
GH
- C.
IGF-1
- D.
Thrombopoietin
Correct Answer
C. IGF-1Explanation
IGF-1, or insulin-like growth factor 1, is responsible for promoting growth in children. When there is a deficiency of IGF-1, it can lead to a condition called dwarfism, where children have significantly shorter stature compared to their peers. This hormone plays a crucial role in the development and growth of bones and tissues, and its deficiency can hinder the normal growth process. Therefore, it is important for children to have adequate levels of IGF-1 to ensure proper growth and development.Rate this question:
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- 14.
It acts as an anti-atherogenic.
- A.
Adiponectin
- B.
Resistin
- C.
Leptin
- D.
Angiotensinogen
Correct Answer
A. AdiponectinExplanation
Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that has been shown to have anti-atherogenic effects. It helps to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and also has anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have found that higher levels of adiponectin are associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Therefore, it can be concluded that adiponectin acts as an anti-atherogenic hormone.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which hormone increases insulin resistance?
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Cortisol
- D.
Aldosterone
Correct Answer
C. CortisolExplanation
Cortisol is the correct answer because it is known as the stress hormone and plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels. When cortisol levels are elevated, it can lead to increased insulin resistance, meaning that the body becomes less responsive to the effects of insulin. This can result in higher blood sugar levels and potentially lead to the development of conditions such as type 2 diabetes.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 13, 2018Quiz Created by
Hamada1295
Endocrine System Practice Test Questions and Answers
Endocrine System Practice Test Questions and Answers
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