Renal Pathophysiology Exam: Trivia Quiz!
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- 1.
The answer/s (is/are) correct regarding Polyuria:
- A.
Polyuria mean = The urine output is more than the output in case of Oliguria But is less than the output in case of Anuria.
- B.
Polyuria take place With diuretics Drugs but the antidiuretics does not lead to Polyuria
- C.
Hypoglycinemia is cause of Polyuria
- D.
Excess fluid intake is one of the sign of Polyuria
- E.
All answers are correct
Correct Answer
B. Polyuria take place With diuretics Drugs but the antidiuretics does not lead to PolyuriaExplanation
Polyuria refers to excessive urine production. The given answer states that polyuria occurs with diuretic drugs, which are medications that increase urine output. On the other hand, antidiuretics are medications that decrease urine output and do not lead to polyuria. This explanation aligns with the definition and understanding of polyuria.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All of the above is NOT correct regarding Haematuria EXCEPT:
- A.
Haematuria = presence of blood in urine regardless of their quantity(Number of RBSs)
- B.
Drugs such as Rifampicin lead to Haematuria
- C.
During menstrual cycle mixing of RBCs with urine and lead to Haematuria this is abnormal
- D.
The Bleeding is cause to it and Dipstick test can detect Frank Bleeding through strips
- E.
UTI can lead to Haematuria
Correct Answer
E. UTI can lead to HaematuriaExplanation
The statement "UTI can lead to Haematuria" is incorrect. UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) typically causes symptoms such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine, but it does not directly cause blood in the urine (Haematuria). Haematuria is usually a result of other factors such as kidney stones, urinary tract injuries, or bladder or kidney infections.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The answer/s (is/are) correct regarding NEpHROTIC SYNDROME:
- A.
Nephrotic syndrome = Nonspecific disease of the glomerulus in which we have state of polyuria
- B.
About Characteristics of it : Serum albumin is more than 3 grams/100 ml
- C.
About Characteristics of it : Proteinuria more than 3.5 mg/24hours.
- D.
About Causes of it : Edema One of cause leading to it.
- E.
About Causes of it : GN One of cause leading to it.
- F.
All answer is correct
Correct Answer
E. About Causes of it : GN One of cause leading to it.Explanation
The answer is correct because one of the causes of nephrotic syndrome is glomerulonephritis (GN). GN is a condition that affects the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. When the glomeruli are damaged, it can lead to proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) and other symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome, such as edema (swelling) and changes in urine output. Therefore, GN is indeed one of the causes that can lead to nephrotic syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 4.
All of the above is Signs and manifestations of Glomerulonephritis (GN) , EXCEPT:
- A.
Proteinuria
- B.
Hematuria
- C.
Reduced renal volume
- D.
Na+ retention
- E.
Hypotension
Correct Answer
E. HypotensionExplanation
Hypotension is not a sign or manifestation of Glomerulonephritis (GN). Glomerulonephritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can lead to various symptoms such as proteinuria (presence of excess protein in the urine), hematuria (presence of blood in the urine), reduced renal volume, and Na+ retention. However, hypotension, which refers to low blood pressure, is not typically associated with GN.Rate this question:
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- 5.
ONE of it is not correct MATCHING :
- A.
Inflammation of glomeruli >>>>>>>>>>> Glomerulonephritis
- B.
The antibody - Antigen complexes are deposited in the glomeruli >>>>>>>>>>> Glomerulonephritis
- C.
It is the most common cause of acute renal failure >>>>>>>>>>> Acute tubular necrosis ATN
- D.
It is irreversible >>>>>>>>>>> Acute tubular necrosis ATN
- E.
No answer is correct
Correct Answer
D. It is irreversible >>>>>>>>>>> Acute tubular necrosis ATNExplanation
The given correct answer states that "It is irreversible" refers to Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). This means that ATN is a condition that cannot be reversed or cured.Rate this question:
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- 6.
About Clinical features of established ARF:
- A.
Electrolyte disturbances such as Hypokalemia
- B.
Abnormalities of urine volume such as Hematuria
- C.
Electrolyte disturbances such asHypocalcemia
- D.
Blood chemistry abnormalities such as low plasma urea and creatinine concentrations.
- E.
Electrolyte disturbances such as Hypophosphatemia
Correct Answer
C. Electrolyte disturbances such asHypocalcemiaExplanation
The given answer is "Electrolyte disturbances such as Hypocalcemia." This is because the question is asking about clinical features of established acute renal failure (ARF), and hypocalcemia is one of the electrolyte disturbances that can occur in this condition. ARF can lead to impaired kidney function, resulting in abnormalities in urine volume, blood chemistry, and electrolyte balance. Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood, which can be a manifestation of ARF.Rate this question:
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- 7.
About Clinical Features of CRF:
- A.
Early stage of CRF is often Appear without symptoms
- B.
Nocturia may be an early symptom and it is due o loss of concentration ability of the kidneys
- C.
Patient with CRF may present with complaints which are not renal in origin like breathlessness or tiredness
- D.
In late stage of CRF, the patient looks ill and anemic
- E.
All answer is correct
Correct Answer
E. All answer is correctExplanation
The given answer is correct because the statement "All answer is correct" implies that all the statements mentioned about the clinical features of CRF are true. The early stage of CRF can indeed appear without symptoms, and nocturia can be an early symptom caused by the loss of concentration ability of the kidneys. Patients with CRF may also present with complaints that are not directly related to the kidneys, such as breathlessness or tiredness. In the late stage of CRF, the patient may appear ill and anemic. Therefore, all the statements mentioned in the question are correct.Rate this question:
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- 8.
All of the above lead to Hypertension with patient of CRF, EXCEPT :
- A.
Conditions like renal artery stenosis reduce renal blood flow
- B.
Chronic glomerulonephritis causes thickening of glomerular capillary membrane
- C.
Conditions that increase aldosterone secretion will lead to increased tubular Na+ absorption
- D.
Conditions that increase renin secretion leads to formation of angiotensin II
- E.
No answer is correct
Correct Answer
E. No answer is correctExplanation
All of the given conditions can contribute to the development of hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Renal artery stenosis reduces renal blood flow, chronic glomerulonephritis causes thickening of the glomerular capillary membrane, conditions that increase aldosterone secretion lead to increased tubular Na+ absorption, and conditions that increase renin secretion lead to the formation of angiotensin II. Therefore, the statement "no answer is correct" is incorrect as all the given options are correct explanations for the development of hypertension in CRF patients.Rate this question:
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- 9.
If water and food are not restricted in complete CRF, One of the following occur:
- A.
Low K+ and PO43-Â plasma concentration.
- B.
Pulmonary edema
- C.
Low HCO3 plasma concentration
- D.
Metabolic alkalosis
- E.
No answer is correct
Correct Answer
C. Low HCO3 plasma concentrationExplanation
In complete CRF (Chronic Renal Failure), the kidneys are unable to properly filter and excrete waste products from the body. This leads to an accumulation of metabolic acids, causing a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3) levels in the plasma. This decrease in HCO3 concentration results in a condition known as metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by low HCO3 plasma concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is low HCO3 plasma concentration.Rate this question:
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- 10.
One Of this definition is true:
- A.
Neuropathy of CRF :Is due to a combination of poor nutrition, hyperthyroidism, vitamin D deficiency and electrolytes disturbances
- B.
Myopathy of CRF : Is due to demyelination of nerve fibers (the longer fibers being involved at earlier stage)
- C.
Acute tubular necrosis ATN : It is irreversible; partial necrosis of the cells, shedding of the cells and reconstruction of other cells.
- D.
Haematuria : The presence more than 1-3 WBSc in the urine
- E.
NO answer is correct
Correct Answer
E. NO answer is correctExplanation
The given options provide definitions for different medical conditions related to CRF (Chronic Renal Failure) and haematuria. However, the answer states that none of the provided definitions are correct. Therefore, it can be inferred that the given options do not accurately define the mentioned medical conditions.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Neuropathy of CRF lead to:
- A.
Parasthesia
- B.
Foot drop
- C.
Delayed gastric emptying
- D.
Diarrhea
- E.
Postural hypotension
- F.
All answer is correct
Correct Answer
F. All answer is correctExplanation
The correct answer is that all the given options are correct. Neuropathy of chronic renal failure (CRF) can lead to various symptoms including parasthesia (abnormal sensations like tingling or numbness), foot drop (difficulty in lifting the front part of the foot), delayed gastric emptying (slower digestion), diarrhea, and postural hypotension (a drop in blood pressure upon standing).Rate this question:
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- 12.
About the Bone abnormalities of CRF:
- A.
Osteomalacia==reduction in bone mass
- B.
Osteoporosis==failure of bone mineralization
- C.
Osteosclerosis==failure of bone mineralization
- D.
Osteomalacia==increased bone density
- E.
Osteoporosis==reduction in bone mass
Correct Answer
E. Osteoporosis==reduction in bone massExplanation
Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by a reduction in bone mass. This means that the density and strength of the bones decrease, making them more prone to fractures. Osteoporosis occurs when the rate of bone resorption (breakdown) exceeds the rate of bone formation. It is a common complication of chronic renal failure (CRF) due to various factors, including hormonal imbalances and vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, the given answer correctly describes osteoporosis as a condition associated with a reduction in bone mass.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Anemia of CRF may be caused by:
- A.
Increase in erythropoietin production
- B.
Inhibition in erythropoiesis by erythropoietin on bone marrow
- C.
Decrease in blood loss due to increased capillary fragility and poor platelets function
- D.
Reduction in dietary intake and absorption of iron and other substances needed for erythropoiesis
- E.
All answer is correct
Correct Answer
D. Reduction in dietary intake and absorption of iron and other substances needed for erythropoiesisExplanation
Anemia of CRF may be caused by a reduction in dietary intake and absorption of iron and other substances needed for erythropoiesis. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys are unable to properly filter and excrete waste products, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body. This can affect the production of red blood cells, as the body may not receive enough iron and other necessary substances from the diet. Without an adequate supply of these nutrients, the bone marrow is unable to produce enough red blood cells, resulting in anemia.Rate this question:
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- 14.
About Chronic Renal failure (CRF):
- A.
An irreversible deterioration in renal function resulted from irreversible loss of small number of functioning nephrons
- B.
In most cases, serious symptoms do not occur until the no. of functioning nephrons decreased below 60% - 40 % of normal.
- C.
When functioning nephron decrease with age to 20-30% of normal it is not indicates to CRF
- D.
Azotemia take place in the body
- E.
No answer is correct
Correct Answer
D. Azotemia take place in the bodyExplanation
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is characterized by an irreversible deterioration in renal function due to the loss of a small number of functioning nephrons. Serious symptoms typically do not occur until the number of functioning nephrons decreases below 60% - 40% of normal. However, when the functioning nephron decreases to 20-30% of normal, it does not indicate CRF. The correct answer, "Azotemia takes place in the body," is a statement that is consistent with the information provided about CRF. Azotemia refers to the buildup of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood due to impaired kidney function.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The most common cause of ARF is:
- A.
ATN
- B.
GN
- C.
Heart failure
- D.
Hypotension
- E.
Hypertension
Correct Answer
A. ATNExplanation
ATN, or acute tubular necrosis, is the most common cause of acute renal failure (ARF). It occurs when there is damage to the tubules in the kidneys, leading to a decrease in kidney function. This can be caused by various factors such as ischemia, toxins, or certain medications. ATN is characterized by a sudden decrease in urine output, increased levels of waste products in the blood, and electrolyte imbalances. It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of ATN to prevent further kidney damage and restore kidney function.Rate this question:
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- 16.
One of this is most indication of ARF:
- A.
Plasma creatinine more than 200 µmole/liter
- B.
Urea More than mmol/L 6.5-2.5
- C.
K+ More than 3.5-5 mmol/L
- D.
Heart failure
- E.
All answer Except ** Heart failure **
Correct Answer
A. Plasma creatinine more than 200 µmole/literExplanation
ARF stands for Acute Renal Failure, which is a sudden loss of kidney function. One of the most indicative factors of ARF is an elevated level of plasma creatinine, which is a waste product that is normally filtered by the kidneys. A plasma creatinine level higher than 200 µmole/liter suggests impaired kidney function and is therefore a strong indication of ARF. The other options mentioned, such as urea levels and potassium levels, are also relevant indicators of kidney function but do not specifically point to ARF. Heart failure, on the other hand, is not directly related to kidney function and is therefore not an indication of ARF.Rate this question:
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- 17.
One of this IS NOT indicate of ARF:
- A.
Creatininuria
- B.
Hyperkalemia
- C.
Uremia
- D.
Azotemia
- E.
No answer is correct
Correct Answer
A. CreatininuriaExplanation
Creatininuria is not an indication of acute renal failure (ARF). Creatininuria refers to the presence of creatinine in the urine, which is a normal physiological process. In ARF, the kidneys are not able to properly filter and remove waste products, leading to an increase in creatinine levels in the blood. Therefore, creatininuria is not a characteristic feature of ARF.Rate this question:
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- 18.
All of the above is Clinical features of nephrotic syndrome , EXCEPT:
- A.
Hypercoagulability
- B.
Hypergammaglobulinemia
- C.
Hypercholesterolemia
- D.
Hyperlipidemia
- E.
Hyperproteinuria
Correct Answer
B. HypergammaglobulinemiaExplanation
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the presence of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Hypercoagulability, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperproteinuria are all clinical features commonly seen in nephrotic syndrome. However, hypergammaglobulinemia, which refers to an increase in the levels of immunoglobulins in the blood, is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome.Rate this question:
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- 19.
About The causes of nephrotic syndrome , ONE of this is correct:
- A.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis == bad prognosis, ending with end-stage renal failure
- B.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis == Usually affecting children
- C.
Minimal change disease===Usually affecting old aged people
- D.
Minimal change disease=== excellent prognosis , patients of this disease they are not respond to corticosteroids
- E.
2 answer is correct
Correct Answer
A. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis == bad prognosis, ending with end-stage renal failureExplanation
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is associated with a bad prognosis, often leading to end-stage renal failure. This condition causes scarring in the glomeruli of the kidneys, which impairs their function. As a result, the kidneys are unable to properly filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. This can lead to a decline in kidney function over time, ultimately resulting in end-stage renal failure.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Choice correct Matching:
- A.
Drugs such as Senna === make red urine
- B.
Proteinuria of low MW proteins=== more than 2mg/day indicates significant glomerular disease
- C.
Orthostatic proteinuria===proteinuria occurs only during the night
- D.
Frank Bleeding === when you see blood in urine through the microscope
- E.
Dropsy=== accumulation of fluid all over the body
Correct Answer
E. Dropsy=== accumulation of fluid all over the bodyExplanation
Dropsy refers to the accumulation of fluid all over the body. This condition is characterized by swelling and edema in various parts of the body, such as the legs, ankles, and abdomen. It is often caused by underlying medical conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, or liver disease, which impair the body's ability to regulate fluid balance. The accumulation of fluid leads to the characteristic swelling and discomfort experienced by individuals with dropsy.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Aug 01, 2018Quiz Created by
Salem Nabeel
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