Prelim Exam (Wst 164/Wst 188 - Forest Products Utilization)

Sawdust refers to the powdery particles of wood that are produced when wood is sawed. It is a common byproduct of woodworking and is often used for various purposes such as animal bedding, composting, or as a fuel source. Wood shavings are larger and thicker pieces of wood that are typically produced by planing or shaving wood. Pulp refers to the soft, wet, and mashed-up wood fibers used in the production of paper. Wood excelsior is a type of wood shaving that is thin, curled, and used for packaging or stuffing.

Plywood is composed of veneers that are glued together, making it the correct answer. Lumber refers to wood in its raw form, while a pallet is a platform used for storing or transporting goods. A wood container is a broad term that can refer to various types of wooden containers, but plywood specifically refers to the composition of veneers glued together.

A shingle is a small, thin piece of wood with parallel edges, commonly used for covering the sides and roofs of buildings. It is thinner at one end than the other, making it suitable for overlapping and creating a watertight barrier. A crate is a container, cooperage refers to the making of barrels, and a shake is a wooden shingle split from a log. Therefore, the correct answer is B.) shingle.

Oilcloth is a type of fabric that is commonly used as a table covering. It is durable and waterproof, making it ideal for protecting the table from spills and stains. The term "mantel" refers to a covering or cloth that is placed on top of a table, further supporting the idea that oilcloth is the correct answer. Antifreeze, ethanol, and mordant are not related to table coverings and do not fit the context of the question.

The explanation for the correct answer is that the first statement states that costs, availability, and safety are the most important advantages of wood over substitute materials like steel and cement. This implies that wood is cheaper, more readily available, and safer to use compared to steel and cement. The second statement states that secondary wood products are also known as manufactured wood products, which is true. Therefore, both statements are true, leading to the conclusion that all statements are true.

Railroad ties are long, rectangular wooden or concrete beams that are used to support and secure the rails along a railroad track. They are laid perpendicular to the rails and provide stability and support to the track, ensuring that the rails remain aligned and in place. The ties are typically made from durable materials such as hardwood or concrete to withstand the weight and pressure exerted by the trains. Therefore, the correct answer is C.) railroad ties.

The given answer is correct because it states that all the statements in the question are true. The first statement mentions that dry wood ignites readily and gives a quick, hot flame, which is generally true as dry wood is more flammable compared to wet wood. The second statement defines primary wood products as products used in their raw form without significant alterations, which is also true as primary wood products are typically used as they are, either as commodities or for construction purposes. Therefore, both statements are accurate, making the answer choice C correct.

Methanol is the correct answer because it is commonly known as wood alcohol. Methanol is a type of alcohol that is produced from the destructive distillation of wood and is often used as a solvent or fuel. The term "wood's alcohol" is a colloquial name for methanol, referring to its origin from wood.

The explanation for the correct answer, "All statements are true," is that both statements in the given information are true. The first statement states that veneer can be made into baskets, which is a true statement. The second statement states that a table tennis paddle is an example of a sporting good made of wood, which is also true. Therefore, both statements are true, leading to the correct answer choice of B.) All statements are true.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that both statements are true. The first statement states that derivatives of cellulose can be manufactured into bioplastics, which is true as cellulose can be chemically modified to produce materials with plastic-like properties. The second statement states that ethanol is a valuable ingredient in the production of alcoholic beverages, which is also true as ethanol is the main type of alcohol used in the production of alcoholic beverages. Therefore, both statements are true, making option A the correct answer.

Poles are tall, cylindrical structures that are commonly used to carry power and telecommunication lines. They are designed to support the weight of the lines and provide stability. Piles are typically used as foundations for structures, posts are vertical supports for fences or signs, and pallets are platforms used for storing or transporting goods. Therefore, the correct answer is D) poles.

Charcoal is formed by heating wood above 270˚C (518˚F) in the absence of air. This process, known as pyrolysis, removes the volatile components of the wood, leaving behind mostly carbon. Charcoal is commonly used as a fuel source due to its high carbon content, which allows it to burn at high temperatures. It is also used in various industries for its absorbent and filtering properties. Therefore, charcoal is the correct answer to the question.

The given description of the object as a pile of wood that is 8 ft. long, 4 ft. high, and 4 ft. wide matches the characteristics of cordwood. Cordwood refers to firewood that is cut and stacked in cords, typically measuring 8 ft. long, 4 ft. high, and 4 ft. wide. Therefore, the correct answer is D.) cordwood.

Both statements are true. The first statement states that various furniture such as tables, chairs, cabinets, and bookshelves are made from wood, which is a commonly known fact. The second statement explains that laminated wood can remain beautiful and strong to withstand scratches and splashes, which is also true as laminated wood is designed to be more durable and resistant to damage. Therefore, both statements are accurate.

Antifreeze is a liquid that is added to the radiator in cars to lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of the coolant. This helps to prevent the radiator from overheating in extreme temperatures. Antifreeze also contains corrosion inhibitors to protect the radiator and other components of the cooling system from rust and corrosion. Therefore, antifreeze is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to prevent the radiator in cars from overheating.

Carbonization is the process of converting organic material, such as wood, into carbon or charcoal through the application of heat in the absence of air. This term accurately describes the general production of charcoal, where wood is heated to high temperatures, causing it to release volatile compounds and leaving behind carbon-rich residue. Wood hydrolysis and wood saccharification involve the breakdown of wood into sugars, which is not the same as charcoal production. Destructive distillation of wood is a similar process to carbonization, but it specifically refers to the production of chemicals and fuels from wood, rather than charcoal.

Corn is not considered a forest product because it is a crop that is typically grown in agricultural fields, not in forests. Timber, rattan, and tannin, on the other hand, are all derived from forests. Timber refers to wood that is used for construction or other purposes, rattan is a type of climbing palm used for making furniture, and tannin is a substance extracted from tree bark and used in tanning leather.

Wood clogs are the correct term for the footwear made of wood, such as bakya. Wood clogs are a type of shoe that have a wooden sole and often a leather or fabric upper. They are commonly associated with traditional and folk footwear in many cultures around the world. The term "wood clogs" accurately describes the specific type of footwear made of wood, distinguishing it from other types of wooden products like laminated wood or cooperage. Wood excelsior is not a term used to refer to this type of footwear.

The first statement is true because minor forest products refer to forest products other than timber. The second statement is also true because wooden furniture is a product that is made by mechanically reducing wood. Therefore, both statements are correct, making option D the correct answer.

The correct answer is C) veneer. Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is commonly used for making plywood. It is created by peeling or slicing a log into thin layers, which are then glued onto a plywood core to create a finished product. Veneer is valued for its aesthetic appeal and is often used to give furniture and other wooden surfaces a high-quality, polished appearance.

Wood shavings are the correct answer because they are flat thin curls that are produced when wood is run through a planning machine or planer. Sawdust, on the other hand, is a fine powder-like substance that is produced from cutting or sanding wood. Wood briquettes are compressed blocks of wood used as fuel, and the rank of wood refers to its quality or grade. Therefore, wood shavings best fit the description provided in the question.

A pallet is a flat platform made of wood or metal that is used for storing goods and transporting them with the help of a forklift truck. It is commonly used in warehouses and logistics operations to efficiently move and stack items. The other options, cordwood, crate, and cooperage, do not specifically refer to this type of platform used for lifting and moving goods.

Shellac is a type of natural varnish that is commonly used to give wood a shiny surface. It is derived from the resin secreted by the female lac bug, which is then processed and mixed with alcohol to create the shellac solution. When applied to wood, shellac forms a protective and glossy coating that enhances the appearance of the surface. Therefore, option B, shellac, is the correct answer for this question.

Wood hydrolysis is the correct answer because it involves the process of converting carbohydrates in wood to simple sugars by treating the wood with strong acids at room temperature. This process breaks down the complex carbohydrates in wood into simpler sugar molecules through the addition of water molecules. It is commonly used in industries such as biofuel production and the manufacturing of chemicals derived from wood.

This complex mixture contains cellulose xanthate, which is a key component in the production of viscose rayon. Viscose rayon is a type of regenerated cellulose fiber that is commonly used in the textile industry. The mixture also contains caustic and carbon disulfide, which are used in the process of converting cellulose into cellulose xanthate. Therefore, the correct answer is A.) viscose rayon.

Pyroxylin is a substance that is commonly used in the manufacture of oilcloth. It is a type of nitrocellulose that is soluble in a mixture of alcohol and ether. When pyroxylin is dissolved in these solvents, it forms a flexible and waterproof film that is commonly used as a coating for fabrics to create oilcloth. This coating provides the fabric with a protective layer that makes it resistant to water and other liquids. Therefore, pyroxylin is the correct answer for this question.

The first statement states that nitrocellulose with nitrogen content below 12.3 percent is not considered an explosive. This implies that nitrocellulose with nitrogen content equal to or above 12.3 percent is considered an explosive. The second statement explains that a pyroligneous substance is produced by the action of heat on wood, particularly through destructive distillation. Both statements are true, indicating that all statements are true.

Mordanting is the process of treating fibers with a mordant, which is a substance that helps the fibers accept and retain color. This is important because without mordanting, the color would not adhere properly to the fibers and would wash out easily. Mordanting ensures that the color is more vibrant and long-lasting. Dry cleaning, wood hydrolysis, and wood saccharification are not related to preparing fibers for accepting color, so they are not the correct answer.

The correct answer is C) cooperage. Cooperage refers to the making and repairing of barrels and casks, which are wood containers made of staves and heads held together with hoops. This term encompasses a variety of wood containers used for storage and transportation of liquids such as wine, whiskey, and oil. Veneer basket, pallet, and crate do not accurately describe the specific type of wood containers mentioned in the question.

The given description clearly matches the definition of a box, which is a container made of lumber with six faces held together with nails or other metal fastenings. Therefore, the correct answer is B.) box.

The first statement, "Charcoal is not a pyroligneous residue," is false because charcoal is actually a type of pyroligneous residue. Pyroligneous residue is the byproduct of burning wood or other plant material, and charcoal is specifically produced by heating wood in the absence of oxygen. Therefore, charcoal can be considered a type of pyroligneous residue. The second statement, "Cordwood is a type of wood fuel," is true because cordwood refers to a stack of cut and split firewood that is used as a fuel source for heating or cooking.

The first statement is true because Gubas, also known as Endospermum peltatum, is indeed the most preferred species for match stick production. However, the second statement is false because cooperage refers to the making of wooden barrels and casks, which are types of wood containers. Therefore, the correct answer is A) First statement is true. Second statement is false.

The given description mentions sawdust and shavings being compressed together to form a fuel. This aligns with the concept of a wood briquette, which is a compacted block of wood waste used as a fuel source. Fiberboard refers to a type of engineered wood product, while the rank of wood refers to the quality or grade of wood. Cooperage refers to the making of barrels and casks. Therefore, the most suitable answer based on the given description is B.) wood briquette.

The given statement describes rived boards that have the same thickness at both ends, even though they may be tapered in splitting by reversing the block each time one is split off. This is a characteristic of shakes, which are wooden shingles used for roofing or siding. Therefore, the correct answer is C) shakes.

Posts are commonly used in the erection and maintenance of fence lines. They are typically made of wood or metal and are driven into the ground to provide support and stability for the fence. Posts are essential for holding the fence panels or wires in place and ensuring that the fence remains upright and secure. They are an integral part of the fencing system and play a crucial role in its functionality and durability. Piles, poles, and pallets are not typically used for this purpose, making them incorrect options.

The given explanation describes a roof, which is a structure that typically has a slanting cut across its top or opposing angled surfaces to form a peak. This aligns with the given description of a slanting cut and an obtuse, doubled-beveled peak. Therefore, the correct answer is C.) roof.

Slack cooperage refers to a type of cooperage that is specifically designed for packing, storing, and transporting dry materials. This type of cooperage allows for some flexibility and movement of the materials inside, which is beneficial for dry goods. Tight cooperage, on the other hand, is designed to securely hold liquids or wet materials without any leakage. Dry cooperage is a general term that can refer to any type of cooperage used for dry materials, so it is not as specific as slack cooperage in this context. Wet cooperage, as the name suggests, is designed for holding liquids or wet materials.

Antifreeze is the correct answer because it is commonly used as a coolant in engines to prevent freezing and overheating. It helps regulate the temperature of the engine by absorbing and dissipating heat, preventing the coolant from freezing in cold temperatures, and raising the boiling point of the coolant in hot temperatures.

The correct answer is B.) mechanically reduced products. This is because the explanation states that the products are reduced in shape and/or size without changing the nature of the basic wood components. Mechanically reducing the products refers to using physical methods such as cutting, sawing, or grinding to reduce their size or shape. This does not involve any chemical processes or changes to the composition of the wood components.

The first statement is true because activated charcoal is indeed used as a purification agent and for water filtration. The second statement is false because rattan is considered a forest product, as it is a type of climbing palm that grows in tropical regions and is commonly used for making furniture and handicrafts. Therefore, the correct answer is C.) First statement is true. Second statement is false.

Posts are the correct answer because they are commonly used in the construction of guard rails in embankments along roads and highways. Posts provide support and stability to the guard rails, ensuring the safety of vehicles and pedestrians by preventing them from veering off the road or crossing into opposing traffic. Pallets, piles, and poles are not typically used for this purpose.

The question is asking for the wood fuel types that are not included in the given options. Charcoal, wood briquette, and cordwood are all types of wood fuel. However, a pallet is not a wood fuel type. A pallet is a flat transport structure made of wood that is used to support goods in a stable manner while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack, or other lifting equipment. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it does not belong to the wood fuel types mentioned in the question.

Dry cleaning is the correct answer because it refers to the process of cleaning a garment without using water. Instead, an organic solvent is used to remove stains and dirt from the fabric. This method is commonly used for delicate or sensitive fabrics that cannot withstand the agitation of a traditional washing machine. Dry cleaning allows for effective cleaning while minimizing the risk of damage to the garment.

Timber piles are the correct answer because they are commonly used as vertical components in the construction of docks and wharves. Timber piles are long, cylindrical pieces of wood that are driven into the ground to provide support and stability to the structure. They are often used in marine environments due to their durability and resistance to water damage.

The given correct answer is "A.) piles." Piles are vertical structural elements that are used to transfer heavy loads from a structure to a deeper, more stable soil or rock layer. They are commonly used in construction to support buildings, bridges, and other structures. In this context, the timber columns are likely being used as piles to provide support for heavy structural loads.

The explanation for the given correct answer, A.) Both statements are true, is that lumber is indeed processed timber used in building constructions. Additionally, various condensates are indeed obtained from the destructive distillation of wood. Therefore, both statements are true.

The given explanation supports the answer B.) All statements are true. It states that wood excelsior is indeed used for mattress stuffing, which aligns with the first statement. Additionally, it confirms that pallet is a type of woodenware, which corresponds to the second statement. Therefore, both statements are true, leading to the conclusion that all statements are true.

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Wood excelsior is the correct answer because it refers to long, thin strands or shredded wood that are used for padding and filling cushions. Wood flour is a fine wood powder, turnery refers to the art of shaping wood on a lathe, and sawdust is the small particles that are produced when wood is cut or sanded.

Tight cooperage refers to a type of cooperage that has leakproof joints used for packing liquids. This means that the joints in the cooperage are tightly sealed, preventing any liquid from leaking out. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it accurately describes the cooperage with leakproof joints.