1.
1. The skull is composed of……… bones:
Correct Answer
C. 22
Explanation
The skull is composed of 22 bones.
2.
2. The cerebral cranium is composed of………. bones:
Correct Answer
B. 8
Explanation
The cerebral cranium is composed of 8 bones.
3.
3. How many paired bones of cerebral cranium:
Correct Answer
A. 2
Explanation
The cerebral cranium consists of two paired bones, the parietal bones. These bones are located on the top and sides of the skull and form the majority of the cranial vault. They protect the brain and provide structural support to the skull.
4.
4. How many single bones of cerebral cranium:
Correct Answer
A. 4
Explanation
The correct answer is 4 because the cerebral cranium refers to the part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. It is composed of several bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. Therefore, there are four single bones of the cerebral cranium.
5.
5. The paired bones of cerebral cranium are:
Correct Answer
C. Parietal and Temporal
Explanation
The paired bones of the cerebral cranium are the parietal and temporal bones. The parietal bones form the sides and roof of the cranium, while the temporal bones are located on the sides and base of the cranium. These bones work together to protect the brain and provide structural support to the skull.
6.
6. How many single bones and paired bones of facial cranium:
Correct Answer
A. 2 single bones and 6 paired bones
Explanation
The facial cranium consists of single bones and paired bones. The correct answer states that there are 2 single bones and 6 paired bones in the facial cranium. This means that there are two individual bones and six sets of bones that come in pairs.
7.
7. The single bones of facial cranium:
Correct Answer
C. Vomer and Mandible
Explanation
The single bones of the facial cranium are the vomer and mandible. The vomer is a small, thin bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum, separating the nasal cavity into two halves. The mandible, also known as the jawbone, is the largest and strongest bone in the face. It forms the lower jaw and plays a crucial role in chewing, speaking, and facial expression.
8.
8. The bone that has Supraorbital Foramen is:
Correct Answer
A. Frontal Bone
Explanation
The frontal bone is the correct answer because it is the bone that contains the supraorbital foramen. The supraorbital foramen is a small opening located above the eye socket, through which the supraorbital nerve and artery pass. This opening is important for providing sensory innervation to the forehead and scalp. The other options (parietal bones, maxillae, and zygoma) do not contain the supraorbital foramen.
9.
9. The bones which are on both side of the skull is:
Correct Answer
C. Parietal and Temporal
Explanation
The bones that are on both sides of the skull are the parietal and temporal bones. The parietal bones form the sides and roof of the skull, while the temporal bones are located on the sides and base of the skull. Together, these bones provide protection for the brain and also play a role in supporting the structure of the skull.
10.
10. Foramen Magnum is:
Correct Answer
A. A large hole allowing passage of the spinal cord
Explanation
The foramen magnum is a large hole located at the base of the skull, specifically on the occipital bone. It serves as a passageway for the spinal cord to connect with the brain.
11.
11. Supra-orbital foramen is on:
Correct Answer
A. Frontal Bone
Explanation
The supra-orbital foramen is a small opening located on the frontal bone, which is the bone that forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets. This foramen allows for the passage of the supra-orbital nerve and artery, which provide sensory innervation to the forehead, scalp, and the upper eyelid. The zygoma, maxilla, and temporal bone do not have the supra-orbital foramen.
12.
12. The smallest bone of the skull is:
Correct Answer
B. Lacrimal
Explanation
The lacrimal bone is the smallest bone of the skull. It is located in the medial wall of the orbit and forms a part of the eye socket. Its main function is to house the lacrimal sac, which collects tears and drains them into the nasal cavity. The lacrimal bone is thin and delicate, making it the smallest bone in the skull.
13.
13. The suture between frontal and temporal bones is:
Correct Answer
A. Coronal suture
Explanation
The suture between the frontal and temporal bones is called the coronal suture. This suture runs horizontally across the skull and joins the frontal bone with the two parietal bones. It is named "coronal" because it is located in the coronal plane, which is a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions. The other options, sagittal suture, lambdoidal suture, and squamosal suture, are all different sutures located in different areas of the skull.
14.
14. The suture between the parietal bones is:
Correct Answer
B. Sagittal suture
Explanation
The suture between the parietal bones is known as the sagittal suture. Sutures are fibrous joints that connect the bones of the skull. The sagittal suture specifically runs along the midline of the skull, separating the two parietal bones. It is a dense, immovable joint that provides stability and protection to the brain.
15.
15. The suture between temporal and parietal bones is:
Correct Answer
D. Squamosal suture
Explanation
The suture between the temporal and parietal bones is called the squamosal suture. This suture is located on the side of the skull, where the squamous portion of the temporal bone articulates with the parietal bone. It has a jagged, irregular shape resembling scales, which is why it is called the squamosal suture.
16.
16. The suture between parietal and occipital bones is:
Correct Answer
B. Lambdoidal suture
Explanation
The suture between the parietal and occipital bones is called the lambdoidal suture. This suture is located at the back of the skull and is named after its resemblance to the Greek letter lambda (Λ). It is a dense, fibrous joint that helps to connect and stabilize the parietal and occipital bones, forming the posterior part of the skull. The lambdoidal suture is important for the overall structure and strength of the skull, as well as for protecting the brain.
17.
17. Infra-orbital foramen is on:
Correct Answer
B. Maxilla
Explanation
The infra-orbital foramen is located on the maxilla bone. The maxilla is a facial bone that forms the upper jaw and the central part of the face. It contains various foramina, including the infra-orbital foramen, which is located below the orbit (eye socket) and transmits the infra-orbital nerve and blood vessels. The zygoma is a cheekbone, the palatine bone forms the roof of the mouth, and the nasal bone forms the bridge of the nose. However, none of these bones contain the infra-orbital foramen.
18.
18. How many foramens are in the mandible:
Correct Answer
C. 2 foramens, Mandibular and Mental foramens
Explanation
The correct answer is 2 foramens, Mandibular and Mental foramens. The mandible, or lower jawbone, has two main foramens, which are openings or holes in the bone. The mandibular foramen is located on the inner surface of the mandible near the back, and it allows for the passage of the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels. The mental foramen is located on the outer surface of the mandible near the front, and it allows for the passage of the mental nerve and blood vessels.
19.
19. The most fragile bone of the face is:
Correct Answer
C. Lacrimal Bone
Explanation
The lacrimal bone is the most fragile bone of the face. It is located on the medial side of each orbit and forms a part of the nasal cavity. This bone is thin and delicate, making it prone to fractures. It houses the lacrimal sac, which collects tears from the eye and drains them into the nasal cavity.
20.
20. Zygomatic arch is formed by:
Correct Answer
B. Zygoma and temporal
Explanation
The zygomatic arch is formed by the zygoma (cheekbone) and the temporal bone. These two bones come together to create a bony structure that extends from the side of the skull to the cheekbone.
21.
21. Meninges is formed by:
Correct Answer
D. All of them
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of them." The meninges is a protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is composed of three layers: the pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid mater. Each of these layers plays a role in providing support and protection to the central nervous system. Therefore, all three layers contribute to the formation of the meninges.
22.
22. Subarachnoid Space is:
Correct Answer
D. Between Arachnoid and Pia Maters
Explanation
The subarachnoid space is located between the arachnoid and pia maters. It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the brain and spinal cord. This space plays a crucial role in protecting the central nervous system from injury and providing a cushioning effect for the brain and spinal cord.
23.
23. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is in:
Correct Answer
B. Subarachnoid space
Explanation
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found in the subarachnoid space. This space is located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which are two of the three layers of the meninges that protect the brain and spinal cord. The CSF acts as a cushioning and protective fluid, providing support and nourishment to the central nervous system. It also helps to remove waste products and regulate the chemical environment of the brain and spinal cord.
24.
24. Meninges is in:
Correct Answer
D. Epidural Space and Subdural, Subarachnoid Spaces
Explanation
The correct answer is Epidural Space and Subdural, Subarachnoid Spaces. The meninges are the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The epidural space is the space between the skull or vertebral column and the dura mater, which is the outermost layer of the meninges. The subdural space is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, which is the middle layer of the meninges. The subarachnoid space is the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which is the innermost layer of the meninges. Therefore, the meninges are present in both the epidural space and the subdural and subarachnoid spaces.
25.
25. Artery supplies cranial dura mater is:
Correct Answer
A. Middle meningeal artery
Explanation
The middle meningeal artery supplies the cranial dura mater. The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges, which are the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord. The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the maxillary artery, which is itself a branch of the external carotid artery. It enters the cranial cavity through the foramen spinosum and supplies blood to the dura mater of the middle cranial fossa.
26.
26. Dural venous sinuses are in:
Correct Answer
A. Dura mater
Explanation
The dural venous sinuses are located within the dura mater, which is the outermost layer of the meninges. The dura mater is a tough, fibrous membrane that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It contains several spaces and channels, including the dural venous sinuses, which are responsible for draining blood from the brain and returning it to the systemic circulation. The dural venous sinuses play a crucial role in maintaining the proper circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and removing waste products from the brain.
27.
27. Sebaceous glands of the SCALP are found in:
Correct Answer
A. Skin
Explanation
The sebaceous glands of the scalp are found in the skin.
28.
28. Nerves and blood vessels of the SCALP are found in:
Correct Answer
B. Connective tissue
Explanation
The correct answer is Connective tissue. The nerves and blood vessels of the scalp are found in the connective tissue. Connective tissue provides support and structure to the scalp, allowing for the passage of nerves and blood vessels throughout the area. This tissue helps to nourish the scalp and provide sensory information to the brain.
29.
29. Frontalis and occipitalis muscles are connected by:
Correct Answer
C. Aponeurosis
Explanation
The frontalis and occipitalis muscles are connected by aponeurosis. Aponeurosis is a sheet-like tendon that connects muscles to bones or other muscles. In this case, it connects the frontalis muscle, which is located in the forehead, to the occipitalis muscle, which is located in the back of the head. This connection allows for coordinated movement and function between the two muscles.
30.
30. The outer surface of the SCALP bone is:
Correct Answer
E. Pericranium
Explanation
The outer surface of the SCALP bone is called the pericranium. The pericranium is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the skull. It provides protection to the underlying bone and also serves as an attachment site for muscles and tendons. The pericranium is rich in blood vessels, which supply nutrients to the bone.
31.
31. The nerve supply of the face and scalp:
Correct Answer
D. All of them
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of them." This means that the nerve supply of the face and scalp includes the Facial Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve, Optic Nerve, and Oculomotor Nerve.
32.
32. Blood supply of the face and scalp:
Correct Answer
D. All of them
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of them." The face and scalp receive blood supply from multiple arteries, including the ophthalmic artery, maxillary artery, facial artery, superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, and occipital artery. Each of these arteries contributes to the overall blood supply to the face and scalp, ensuring adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to these areas.
33.
33. There are…………pairs of Cranial Nerves:
Correct Answer
D. 12
Explanation
There are 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves.
34.
34. How many Cranial nerves are only Sensory:
Correct Answer
B. 3
Explanation
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the human body, and out of these, three cranial nerves are solely sensory. These nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information from various parts of the body to the brain.
35.
35. How many Cranial Nerves are only motor:
Correct Answer
B. 5
Explanation
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in total, and out of those, 5 cranial nerves are only motor. This means that these 5 nerves are responsible for carrying motor signals from the brain to the muscles or glands without having any sensory function.
36.
36. How many Cranial nerves are mixed:
Correct Answer
B. 4
Explanation
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the human body, and out of these, 4 pairs are considered mixed nerves. Mixed nerves are those that contain both sensory and motor fibers. These mixed cranial nerves are the trigeminal nerve (V), facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), and vagus nerve (X). They are responsible for various functions such as sensation in the face, movement of the muscles of facial expression, taste, swallowing, and control of various organs in the body.
37.
37. The following sensory nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Olfactory (CN I)
Explanation
The correct answer is Olfactory (CN I). The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell. It carries sensory information from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity to the brain. The other options, Vagus (CN X), Trigeminal (CN V), and Oculomotor (CN III), are all different cranial nerves that serve different functions and are not related to the sense of smell.
38.
38. The following sensory nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Optic (CN II)
Explanation
The correct answer is Optic (CN II). This is because the optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. It is involved in vision and visual perception. The other options, Trigeminal (CN V), Oculomotor (CN III), and Accessory (CN XI), are not sensory nerves but rather motor nerves involved in different functions such as facial sensation, eye movement, and neck and shoulder movement respectively.
39.
39. The following sensory nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
Explanation
The correct answer is Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII). This cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to hearing and balance from the inner ear to the brain. It consists of two branches, the vestibular branch for balance and the cochlear branch for hearing. The other options, Trochlear (CN IV), Abducens (CN VI), and Hypoglossal (CN XII), are all motor nerves responsible for controlling eye movement, specifically the superior oblique muscle, the lateral rectus muscle, and the muscles of the tongue, respectively.
40.
40. The following motor nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Oculomotor (CN III)
Explanation
The correct answer is Oculomotor (CN III). The oculomotor nerve is responsible for controlling the movement of the eye muscles. It supplies innervation to several muscles that control eye movements, including the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which lifts the upper eyelid, and the superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles, which move the eye in different directions. The oculomotor nerve also controls the pupillary constriction and accommodation reflexes.
41.
41. The following motor nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Abducens ( CN VI)
Explanation
The correct answer is Abducens (CN VI). This nerve is responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye (moves it laterally away from the midline). The other options listed are different cranial nerves that have different functions.
42.
42. The following motor nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Accessory ( CN XI)
Explanation
The correct answer is Accessory (CN XI). The question is asking about a motor nerve, and the Accessory nerve (CN XI) is primarily a motor nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. The Olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for the sense of smell, the Optic nerve (CN II) is responsible for vision, and the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as chewing.
43.
43. The following motor nerve is:
Correct Answer
B. Trochlear (CN IV)
Explanation
The correct answer is Trochlear (CN IV). The question is asking for the motor nerve out of the given options. The Trochlear nerve (CN IV) is responsible for the motor function of the superior oblique muscle, which helps with eye movement. The other options listed are not motor nerves.
44.
44. The following motor nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Hypoglossal (CN XII)
Explanation
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is responsible for the motor control of the muscles of the tongue. It innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, allowing for movements such as swallowing, chewing, and speech. The other options, trigeminal (CN V), facial (CN VII), and olfactory (CN I), are not motor nerves and have different functions.
45.
45. The following mixed nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Facial (CN VII)
Explanation
The correct answer is Facial (CN VII) because the question asks for the mixed nerve among the given options, and Facial (CN VII) is the only mixed nerve listed. The other options, Optic (CN II), Hypoglossal (CN XII), and Accessory (CN XI), are all either sensory or motor nerves, but not mixed nerves.
46.
46. The following mixed nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Trigeminal (CN V)
Explanation
The correct answer is Trigeminal (CN V). The question is asking for the mixed nerve among the options provided. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve as it contains both sensory and motor fibers. It is responsible for providing sensation to the face, as well as controlling the muscles involved in chewing. The other options, Olfactory (CN I), Abducens (CN VI), and Optic (CN II), are all purely sensory nerves and do not contain motor fibers.
47.
47. The following mixed nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. GlossopHaryngeal ( CN IX)
Explanation
The correct answer is Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) because it is the only nerve listed that is mixed. Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers, while the other options listed are either purely sensory (Trochlear) or purely motor (Accessory and Hypoglossal).
48.
48. The following mixed nerve is:
Correct Answer
A. Vagus (CN X)
Explanation
The correct answer is Vagus (CN X). The question is asking for the mixed nerve among the options provided. The Vagus nerve is a mixed nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers. It is responsible for various functions such as controlling the muscles of the throat and voice box, regulating heart rate and breathing, and transmitting sensory information from the organs in the chest and abdomen.
49.
49. The following sensory nerves are:
Correct Answer
A. Olfactory, Optic, and Vestibulocochlear
Explanation
The correct answer is "Olfactory, Optic, and Vestibulocochlear." These three nerves are sensory nerves that are responsible for different sensory functions. The olfactory nerve is responsible for the sense of smell, the optic nerve is responsible for vision, and the vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for hearing and balance.
50.
50. The following motor nerves are:
Correct Answer
C. Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Accessory, and Hypoglossal
Explanation
The correct answer is Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Accessory, and Hypoglossal. These are the names of the motor nerves that are responsible for controlling various muscles in the body. The Oculomotor nerve controls the movement of the eye, the Trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye, the Abducens nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, the Accessory nerve controls the muscles of the neck and shoulders, and the Hypoglossal nerve controls the muscles of the tongue.