Klu Certificate Course Electric Vehicle Development

A byte is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. Each bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, and when combined, they form a byte. Therefore, the correct answer is 8.

Computers calculate numbers in binary mode because the binary system is the fundamental system used in digital computers. Binary mode means that the computer processes and represents numbers using only two symbols, 0 and 1. This is because computers are built using electronic circuits that can only understand and manipulate binary signals. Octal and decimal are also commonly used number systems, but they are ultimately converted to binary for processing by the computer.

The figure represents a Ladder Frame chassis. A ladder frame chassis is a type of vehicle frame structure that consists of two parallel longitudinal rails (or beams) connected by several cross members. This design provides excellent strength and durability, making it suitable for heavy-duty vehicles like trucks and SUVs. The name "ladder frame" comes from the resemblance of the structure to a ladder, with the longitudinal rails acting as the sides of the ladder and the cross members as the rungs. This type of chassis provides good off-road capabilities and is commonly used in rugged terrain vehicles.

The correct answer is 1.5 V. This is because the emf (electromotive force) of a dry cell is the maximum potential difference it can provide when there is no current flowing through it. A dry cell typically has a voltage of 1.5 V, which is the potential difference between its positive and negative terminals.

The smallest removable item on a car or bike is a part. This refers to any individual component or piece that can be detached from the vehicle, such as a bolt, screw, or small accessory. Unlike an assembly or system, which consist of multiple parts combined together, a single part can be easily removed or replaced without affecting the overall functioning of the vehicle.

The smallest memory type is the kilobyte. Memory sizes are typically measured in bytes, and the kilobyte is the smallest unit among the options given. A kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes, while a megabyte is 1024 times larger, a gigabyte is 1024 times larger than a megabyte, and a terabyte is 1024 times larger than a gigabyte. Therefore, the kilobyte is the smallest memory type among the given options.

The addition of silicon to a material can increase its strength without compromising its ductility. This is because silicon can form solid solutions with many metals, resulting in improved mechanical properties. The presence of silicon atoms can strengthen the material's crystal lattice structure, making it more resistant to deformation. At the same time, silicon can also enhance the material's ability to deform plastically, allowing it to retain its ductility. Therefore, the statement is true.

Coil springs absorb shocks by compression. When a force is applied to the spring, it is compressed, meaning that the coils are pushed closer together. This compression allows the spring to absorb and store the energy from the shock, reducing the impact felt. Compression is a common method used in various applications, such as car suspensions, to provide a cushioning effect and dampen shocks.

The figure represents bending. Bending refers to the deformation of a material due to the application of a bending moment, causing it to curve or flex. In this case, the figure likely shows a beam or a similar structure that is being subjected to a bending force, resulting in a curved shape.

A capacitor allows the flow of alternating current (AC) while blocking the flow of direct current (DC). This is because a capacitor can store and release electrical energy in the form of AC, but it cannot store a steady flow of DC. Therefore, when AC is applied to a capacitor, it allows the current to pass through, while blocking the flow of DC.

Carbon fiber is considered to have more strength compared to glass fiber. This is because carbon fiber is made up of thin and strong carbon filaments, which are tightly woven together to form a strong and lightweight material. It has high tensile strength, meaning it can withstand a significant amount of pulling force without breaking. On the other hand, glass fiber is made up of thin strands of glass, which are not as strong as carbon fiber. Therefore, carbon fiber is known for its superior strength properties.

The integral frame is used for multiple reasons. Firstly, it helps in reducing the weight of the product, making it lighter and more portable. Secondly, it is easy to mass-produce, allowing for efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. Lastly, the compact assembly of the integral frame ensures that the product takes up less space, making it easier to store and transport. Therefore, all of the given options are valid reasons for using an integral frame.

Copper is the best electric conductor mostly used because it has a high electrical conductivity. It allows electric current to flow through it with minimal resistance, making it ideal for various electrical applications. Copper is commonly used in wiring, electrical cables, and electrical components due to its excellent conductivity properties. It also has good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for applications that require efficient heat transfer.

The figure represents a torsion spring because it shows a coiled structure that is twisted around its axis. Torsion springs are designed to store and release rotational energy, and they are commonly used in various applications such as door hinges, vehicle suspensions, and mechanical watches. The coiled shape and the twisting motion depicted in the figure are characteristic of torsion springs, making it the correct answer.

Hydraulic brakes are the most widely used type of brakes because they offer several advantages. They use a fluid-filled system to transfer force from the brake pedal to the brake pads, providing a reliable and efficient braking mechanism. Hydraulic brakes are known for their excellent stopping power, responsiveness, and ability to handle high temperatures. They are commonly used in various vehicles, including cars, trucks, motorcycles, and bicycles. Additionally, hydraulic brakes require less maintenance compared to other brake types and offer smooth and consistent braking performance.

When cells are connected in series, the voltage rating of the overall circuit increases. This is because the voltage of each individual cell adds up to create a higher total voltage. Therefore, by connecting cells in series, the voltage rating of the circuit is increased.

A system is a group of related parts and assemblies that work together to perform a specific job. It is a combination of different components that are interconnected and function as a whole to achieve a particular purpose or goal. A system can be seen as a unified entity that is greater than the sum of its individual parts, as it relies on the collaboration and interaction of these parts to carry out its intended function.

Both leaf springs and coil springs have been used in automobiles to provide suspension. Leaf springs are long, curved strips of metal that are stacked on top of each other and attached to the vehicle's frame. They provide support and absorb shocks by flexing when the vehicle encounters bumps or uneven surfaces. Coil springs, on the other hand, are helical-shaped springs made of steel wire. They compress and expand to absorb shocks and provide a smoother ride. Both types of springs have been used in different types of vehicles and suspension systems throughout automotive history.

Copper is the best conductor of heat among the options provided. This is because copper has a high thermal conductivity, meaning it can transfer heat efficiently. It has a high density of free electrons, which are responsible for carrying heat energy through the material. Copper is commonly used in electrical wiring and heat exchangers due to its excellent thermal conductivity. Aluminium and steel, while also good conductors, have lower thermal conductivities compared to copper.

Ceiling fans typically use a 1 Phase Induction motor. This type of motor is commonly used in household appliances due to its simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. It operates on a single-phase power supply, making it suitable for residential use. The 1 Phase Induction motor provides the necessary torque to rotate the fan blades and create airflow, making it an ideal choice for ceiling fans.

The correct answer is 2020. The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) was launched by the Government of India in 2013 with the aim of promoting electric mobility in the country. The plan set targets for the adoption of electric vehicles and the establishment of charging infrastructure. The plan aimed to achieve 6-7 million sales of hybrid and electric vehicles by 2020, thus indicating that the plan was set to be implemented until that year.

The figure in the question represents torsion. Torsion is a twisting or rotating force that is applied to an object. In the figure, it appears that there is a twisting motion happening, which is indicative of torsion.

An odometer is an instrument used for measuring distance traveled. It is commonly found in vehicles and displays the total distance covered by the vehicle since it was first used. The odometer works by tracking the rotations of the vehicle's wheels and converting it into distance. It is a useful tool for keeping track of mileage and determining the efficiency of a vehicle.

An assembly is a set of fitted parts designed to complete a function. It refers to the process of combining individual components or parts together to create a functioning whole. This term is commonly used in manufacturing and engineering industries, where multiple parts are assembled to create a finished product or system. Assemblies can range from simple to complex, depending on the number and complexity of the parts involved.

Gears and sprockets are not interchangeable and cannot mesh with each other. Gears have teeth that mesh with the teeth of other gears, while sprockets have teeth that mesh with the links of a chain. Therefore, the statement that a gear meshes with another gear and a sprocket meshes with another sprocket is false.

The magnitude and phase relationship between a sinusoidal input and the steady state output is called the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, the input and output signals are analyzed based on their frequency components. Sinusoidal signals are particularly useful in frequency domain analysis because they have a well-defined frequency and can be easily characterized in terms of their magnitude and phase.

The given correct answer states that "Dynamics load has a higher factor of safety as compared to Statistic load." This means that when considering the factor of safety, which is a measure of how much stronger a structure or system is compared to the maximum load it can handle, dynamics load is more secure than statistic load. In other words, dynamics load has a larger margin of safety and is less likely to cause failure or damage compared to statistic load.

Shafts are subjected to shear forces. Shear forces occur when two parts of a material slide or move in opposite directions parallel to each other. In the case of shafts, shear forces act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, causing it to deform or fail. This is different from compressive forces, which act to squeeze or compress the shaft, and tensile forces, which act to stretch or pull the shaft apart.

Single phase induction motors are not self-starting. They require an external force to start rotating, such as a capacitor or an auxiliary winding. Unlike three-phase induction motors, which are self-starting due to the rotating magnetic field produced by the three-phase power supply, single phase induction motors need additional components to create a rotating magnetic field and initiate rotation. Therefore, the statement that single phase induction motors are self-starting is false.

The figure represents a BLDC (Brushless DC) motor. BLDC motors are commonly used in various applications such as electric vehicles, drones, and industrial machinery. Unlike brushed motors, BLDC motors do not have brushes and commutators, which results in improved efficiency, higher torque, and longer lifespan. They are also known for their compact size, low maintenance, and precise control, making them a popular choice in many industries.

A tubeless tire has slow air leakage, which means it retains air pressure for a longer period of time compared to a tube type tire. This leads to better fuel efficiency as the tire maintains optimal pressure, reducing rolling resistance. Additionally, tubeless tires have less chances of running flat as they are designed with a self-sealing feature that can prevent punctures from causing a complete loss of air. Therefore, all of the above advantages make tubeless tires superior to tube type tires.

The statement "Cast surfaces have good finishing" is incorrect. Cast surfaces typically have a rough and uneven texture, which is a result of the casting process. This is because the molten material is poured into a mold and solidifies, resulting in a surface that may require additional finishing processes such as sanding or polishing to achieve a smooth and polished appearance. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Lithium Ion battery has the highest power/weight ratio among the given options. This means that it can deliver more power per unit weight compared to the other batteries listed. Lithium Ion batteries are known for their high energy density, lightweight design, and ability to provide long-lasting power. They are commonly used in portable electronic devices like smartphones and laptops, where weight and efficiency are important factors.

The figure represents a Backbone Frame chassis. A Backbone Frame chassis is a type of chassis design where a single large structural member runs down the center of the vehicle, providing support and strength to the overall structure. This design is commonly used in small cars and allows for a lightweight and compact chassis while still maintaining rigidity and stability.

Gel batteries have less maintenance compared to lead acid batteries. This is because gel batteries are sealed and do not require regular checks for water levels or electrolyte maintenance like lead acid batteries. Gel batteries are also less prone to spillage and can be mounted in any position without the risk of acid leakage. These factors contribute to the lower maintenance requirements of gel batteries.

Passive cell balancing is a method used to equalize the voltage of different cells in a battery pack. In this method, resistors are used to dissipate excess charge from cells with higher voltage, allowing them to reach the same voltage level as cells with lower voltage. By using resistors, the energy is converted into heat and dissipated, ensuring that all cells in the battery pack are balanced.

The word "Auto" in "Automobile" is derived from the Greek word "autos", which means self. This indicates that the vehicle is capable of moving by itself without the need for external force or assistance.

PMDC (Permanent Magnet DC) motors are known for their ability to produce high torque at low speeds. This is due to the design of the motor, which includes a permanent magnet that creates a magnetic field. At low speeds, the magnetic field interacts with the armature windings, resulting in a strong torque output. As the speed increases, the torque produced by the PMDC motor decreases. Therefore, the correct answer is "At low speeds."

The toughest part of building an electric vehicle is the battery. This is because the battery is responsible for storing and supplying the electrical energy required to power the vehicle. Designing and manufacturing a battery that can provide sufficient range, durability, and reliability while also being compact and lightweight is a significant challenge. Additionally, the cost of batteries can be high, making it a major factor in the overall cost of an electric vehicle.

Steering is the correct answer because it refers to the system that enables a vehicle to change direction and follow a specific course. It consists of various components and linkages such as the steering wheel, steering column, and steering gear that work together to control the movement of the front wheels. By turning the steering wheel, the driver can change the direction of the vehicle, allowing it to follow a desired path.

The coefficient of drag is least for a wing because it is designed to generate lift and reduce drag. The shape of a wing, with its curved upper surface and tapered trailing edge, allows for smooth airflow over the surface, resulting in reduced drag. In contrast, a circular cylinder, square cylinder, and oval cylinder have more surface area and less streamlined shapes, leading to higher drag coefficients.

SOC stands for State of Charge, which refers to the amount of energy remaining in a battery compared to its total capacity. In the context of life enhancement, keeping the SOC above 80% is important because it helps to prolong the battery's lifespan and maximize its performance. By maintaining a high SOC, the battery is less likely to experience deep discharges, which can cause degradation and reduce its overall capacity. Additionally, having some margin for regenerative braking energy ensures that the battery can efficiently capture and store energy during braking, further enhancing its life and performance.

Carbon fiber is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio. It is a lightweight material that is incredibly strong and rigid. The carbon fibers are woven together and combined with a polymer resin to create a composite material that is both lightweight and strong. This makes carbon fiber an ideal choice for applications where strength is important but weight needs to be minimized, such as in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods industries.

The figure represents a Monocoque Chassis. A monocoque chassis is a type of construction where the body and the chassis are integrated into a single structure. This type of chassis provides excellent rigidity and strength, as the body panels contribute to the overall structural integrity of the vehicle. Monocoque chassis are commonly used in modern cars and provide better handling and safety compared to other types of chassis.

The commutator is a crucial component in a DC motor that helps in converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It consists of a rotating cylinder with metal segments that are connected to the motor's armature windings. As the commutator rotates, it reverses the direction of the current in the armature windings, ensuring that the magnetic poles of the rotor align with the stator's magnetic field. This process is essential for the operation of a DC motor and is not found in AC motors, making the commutator a clear indication that the given motor is a DC motor.

When preparing electrolyte for a lead-acid battery, it is important to pour the acid into water rather than the other way around. This is because pouring water into acid can cause a violent reaction, resulting in the acid splashing out and causing harm to the person handling it. On the other hand, pouring acid into water allows for better control of the reaction and minimizes the risk of splashing or accidents.

A 12 V Lead Acid Battery consists of 6 cells, with each cell having a voltage of 2 volts. When these cells are connected in series, their voltages add up to give a total voltage of 12 volts.

In a BLDC (Brushless DC) motor, the rotor is a permanent magnet. Unlike PMDC (Permanent Magnet DC) and BDC (Brushed DC) motors, which have a rotor with windings or brushes, a BLDC motor uses a permanent magnet rotor. This type of rotor design allows for more efficient and reliable operation, as there are no brushes to wear out or windings to maintain. The permanent magnet rotor also provides better control and speed regulation, making BLDC motors ideal for applications that require precise and variable speed control.

Jerk is the quantity we get if we take the derivative of acceleration in the time domain. Jerk is a measure of the rate at which acceleration changes over time. It describes how quickly an object's acceleration is changing, indicating the object's responsiveness to external forces. This concept is important in physics and engineering, particularly in the study of motion and the design of vehicles and machinery.

Tubular sections have good resistance towards torsion. This means that they are able to withstand twisting forces without easily deforming or breaking. The shape of tubular sections, with their hollow cylindrical structure, provides strength and stability against torsional loads. This makes them suitable for applications where torsion is a significant factor, such as in the construction of bridges, cranes, and other structures that experience twisting forces.